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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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# There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan. <ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | # There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan. <ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | ||
== Earliest time and Vatikin== | == Earliest time and Vatikin== | ||
# The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur | # The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1 concur. </ref> | ||
# The earliest time for shema or [[Brachot]] shema is when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]] away called [[Tzitzit#mesheyakir| Mesheyakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Preferably, one should say it later since some hold the earliest time is closer to [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Additionally, the earliest time for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] is [[HaNetz HaChama]] unless it’s a Shat HaDachak (pressing need) and so one will need to wait a long time between saying Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and will not be able to juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah. <ref> S”A 58:1,3. | # The earliest time for shema or [[Brachot]] shema is when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]] away called [[Tzitzit#mesheyakir| Mesheyakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Preferably, one should say it later since some hold the earliest time is closer to [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Additionally, the earliest time for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] is [[HaNetz HaChama]] unless it’s a Shat HaDachak (pressing need) and so one will need to wait a long time between saying Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and will not be able to juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah. <ref> S”A 58:1,3. | ||
* [[Brachot]] 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before [[HaNetz]] as the practice of the [[Vatikin]] and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. | * [[Brachot]] 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before [[HaNetz]] as the practice of the [[Vatikin]] and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. | ||
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==Kissing Tefilin and [[Tzitzit]] during Shema== | ==Kissing Tefilin and [[Tzitzit]] during Shema== | ||
# One shouldn't say Shema without wearing Tefillin.<ref>Gemara Brachot 14b, | # One shouldn't say Shema without wearing Tefillin.<ref>Gemara Brachot 14b, Shulchan Aruch 25:4</ref> However, if can't put them on because one is traveling and it is too difficult to put them on or because one doesn't have them, one shouldn't miss saying Kriyat Shema because of not having Tefillin on.<ref>Mishna Brurah 25:14</ref> | ||
# There is a practice to gather all four Tzitziyot when one gets to the words “MeArbah Kanfot HaAretz”<ref> Halacha Brurah (24:6 and 60:5) writes that one should take the four corners of the [[tzitzit]] when one reaches the words “MeArbah Kanfot HaAretz”. </ref> or "Maher Vaheve Alenu"<ref> Kaf HaChaim 24:8 quotes Shaar HaKavanot who writes that at the words "Maher Vaheve Alenu" one should arrange his [[tzitzit]] so that two corners are in front and two in the back. Afterwards, one should take all four corners in one's left hand. Ben Ish Chai Parashat Shemot Halacha 5 agrees. see also [http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/5803/jewish/Sivan-22.htm chabad.org] for the Chabad minhag </ref> and hold them in your left hand. When one gets to third paragraph of Shema one transfers the strings into one’s right hand <ref> Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 24:1, Mishna Brura 24:4 </ref>, or both hands <ref> Kaf HaChaim 24:8 </ref> while holding onto the knots with one’s left hand until “VeNemanim VeNechmadim Laad” when one kisses the [[tzitzit]] and lets go of the tzitziyot. <ref> Mishna Brura 24:4, | # There is a practice to gather all four Tzitziyot when one gets to the words “MeArbah Kanfot HaAretz”<ref> Halacha Brurah (24:6 and 60:5) writes that one should take the four corners of the [[tzitzit]] when one reaches the words “MeArbah Kanfot HaAretz”. </ref> or "Maher Vaheve Alenu"<ref> Kaf HaChaim 24:8 quotes Shaar HaKavanot who writes that at the words "Maher Vaheve Alenu" one should arrange his [[tzitzit]] so that two corners are in front and two in the back. Afterwards, one should take all four corners in one's left hand. Ben Ish Chai Parashat Shemot Halacha 5 agrees. see also [http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/5803/jewish/Sivan-22.htm chabad.org] for the Chabad minhag </ref> and hold them in your left hand. When one gets to third paragraph of Shema one transfers the strings into one’s right hand <ref> Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 24:1, Mishna Brura 24:4 </ref>, or both hands <ref> Kaf HaChaim 24:8 </ref> while holding onto the knots with one’s left hand until “VeNemanim VeNechmadim Laad” when one kisses the [[tzitzit]] and lets go of the tzitziyot. <ref> Mishna Brura 24:4, Shulchan Aruch Harav 24:4, Magen Avraham 24:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:7, Kaf HaChaim 24:8, 18, Halacha Berura 24:6. According to Ben Ish Chai Shemot Halacha 8, Kaf Hachaim 24:8 one should kiss them before letting go. Tzitz Eliezer 13:3 writes that one who doesn't gather the [[tzitzit]] and kiss them during kriat shema is breaking away from the congregation. Maaseh Rav Siman 39 says that the GR"A would not kiss his [[Tzitzit]] during Keriyat Shema </ref> This is true for a blind man as well. <ref> Mishna Brura 24:7 </ref> | ||
# Some say that one should gather only the two in front of him, while others say all four <ref> | # Some say that one should gather only the two in front of him, while others say all four <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:25 writes that when one says "ureetem oto" he should grab the front two tzitziyot. see also Beit Yosef on Tur 24 and Shulchan Aruch 25:5. Yalkut Yosef 24:6 in the footnotes writes that this was the practice of his father, Chacham Ovadia Yosef zt"l. | ||
* However, Sh"t Torah Lishma 39, Kaf Hachaim 24:8, Kitzur | * However, Sh"t Torah Lishma 39, Kaf Hachaim 24:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:7, and Radvaz 3:571 say that one should collect all four </ref> | ||
# Since the mitzva of [[tzitzit]] is a daytime mitzva, they are not held during the shema at night. <ref> Halacha Berura 24:6 </ref> | # Since the mitzva of [[tzitzit]] is a daytime mitzva, they are not held during the shema at night. <ref> Halacha Berura 24:6 </ref> | ||
# When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the [[Tefilin]] Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the [[Tefilin]] Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25, Chayei Adam 14:15 </ref> | # When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the [[Tefilin]] Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the [[Tefilin]] Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25, Chayei Adam 14:15 </ref> | ||
