16,374
edits
Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
no edit summary
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Obligation == | ==Obligation == | ||
# There’s a Torah obligation to say Shema once in the morning and once at night as it says “VeDibarta Bam…BeShovkacha Uvkumecha”. <ref> The sources for Kriyat Shema is found in s.v. Rav Amram, Sotah 32a s.v. Kriyat Shema Utefilah, 32b S”H Urebbe), Teshuvat HaRosh 4:21 hold it’s only derabanan. However Piskei HaRosh ([[Brachot]] 3:15), Rif 12a, Rambam Hilchot Kriyat Shema 2:13, Tur and S”A 67:1 all hold it’s a deoraitta. </ref> | # There’s a Torah obligation to say Shema once in the morning and once at night as it says “VeDibarta Bam…BeShovkacha Uvkumecha”. <ref> The sources for Kriyat Shema is found in Devarim 6:7. There’s a dispute in the Gemara (Brachot 21a) whether Shema is Deoritta. The Rishonim are in dispute of what we hold. Rav Amram Goan 1:21 pg 102b, Tosfot (Sukkah 11a s.v. Rav Amram, Sotah 32a s.v. Kriyat Shema Utefilah, 32b S”H Urebbe), Teshuvat HaRosh 4:21 hold it’s only derabanan. However Piskei HaRosh ([[Brachot]] 3:15), Rif 12a, Rambam Hilchot Kriyat Shema 2:13, Tur and S”A 67:1 all hold it’s a deoraitta. </ref> | ||
# There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | # There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan. <ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | ||
== Earliest time and Vatikin== | == Earliest time and Vatikin== | ||
# The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur S"A 17:1 concur. </ref> | # The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur S"A 17:1 concur. </ref> | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
* Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 9b) holds one should say Vatakin by saying Shema specifically at [[HaNetz]] and not shortly before. This is also the opinion of Bal Hamoar (Beginning of [[Brachot]]), Roke’ach 3320 pg 211, and Avudraham ([[Shacharit]] Chol 1) who says Rabbenu Hai Goan would say the [[brachot]] before [[HaNetz]] and Shema only at [[HaNetz]], and Rabbenu Tam (Sefer Yashar Sh”t 8:1) holds like Rabbenu Chananel but for a different reason. | * Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 9b) holds one should say Vatakin by saying Shema specifically at [[HaNetz]] and not shortly before. This is also the opinion of Bal Hamoar (Beginning of [[Brachot]]), Roke’ach 3320 pg 211, and Avudraham ([[Shacharit]] Chol 1) who says Rabbenu Hai Goan would say the [[brachot]] before [[HaNetz]] and Shema only at [[HaNetz]], and Rabbenu Tam (Sefer Yashar Sh”t 8:1) holds like Rabbenu Chananel but for a different reason. | ||
* S”A 58 and Bach 58 hold like majority of the Rishonim. This is also the opinion of most Achronim. Yet Pri [[Chadash]] 58:1, Chisdei David (beginning of [[Brachot]]), Ohel Moed (Kriyat Shema 3) argue on S”A and hold like Rambam and Rif. However, Birkei Yosef 58:2 explains that S”A didn’t rule like Rif and Rambam even though usually S”A rules like the majority of the pillars of halacha who are the Rif, Rambam, and Rosh, here he wasn’t sure of the opinion of the Rif as the Rosh and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah don’t mention his opinion. | * S”A 58 and Bach 58 hold like majority of the Rishonim. This is also the opinion of most Achronim. Yet Pri [[Chadash]] 58:1, Chisdei David (beginning of [[Brachot]]), Ohel Moed (Kriyat Shema 3) argue on S”A and hold like Rambam and Rif. However, Birkei Yosef 58:2 explains that S”A didn’t rule like Rif and Rambam even though usually S”A rules like the majority of the pillars of halacha who are the Rif, Rambam, and Rosh, here he wasn’t sure of the opinion of the Rif as the Rosh and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah don’t mention his opinion. | ||
* Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 s.v | * Sh”t Ish Matzliach O”C 1:15 pg 42 D”h Vehalah explains that S”A ruled like the Rosh because it was the prevalent Minhag. Concerning Brachot Kriyat Shema, Mishna Brurah 58:1 says based on Rashi (Brachot 11b s.v Yotzer Or) the [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema can also only be said when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]]. This is also the opinion of Halacha Brurah 58:2. | ||
* Rav Moshe Feinstein in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 rules that misheyakir is 35 minutes before sunrise. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise. </ref> | * Rav Moshe Feinstein in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 rules that misheyakir is 35 minutes before sunrise. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise. </ref> | ||
# If one is in extenuating circumstances so that one will not be able to say Kriyat Shema (even just to say the first פסוק of Shema and the following one until Ad Livavecha) after [[MeSheYakir]] with any Kavana (proper intent) because one will be traveling, one may say it after Olot Hashachar. <Ref>S”A 58:3. Sh”t Ish Matzliach 1:15 writes that nowadays when we travel in cars, trains, and airplanes this leniency doesn’t apply. However, the Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 58:10) writes that this halacha is still applicable to those who have to catch a plane very early and will not be able to say Shema with Kavana (and also it’ll be difficult to put on [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]] at that time). </ref> | # If one is in extenuating circumstances so that one will not be able to say Kriyat Shema (even just to say the first פסוק of Shema and the following one until Ad Livavecha) after [[MeSheYakir]] with any Kavana (proper intent) because one will be traveling, one may say it after Olot Hashachar. <Ref>S”A 58:3. Sh”t Ish Matzliach 1:15 writes that nowadays when we travel in cars, trains, and airplanes this leniency doesn’t apply. However, the Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 58:10) writes that this halacha is still applicable to those who have to catch a plane very early and will not be able to say Shema with Kavana (and also it’ll be difficult to put on [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]] at that time). </ref> | ||
