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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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==Who's Exempt?== | ==Who's Exempt?== | ||
# Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema <ref>S”A 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. </ref> however it is proper <Ref>S”A 70:1 writes that it’s proper that women accept upon themselves the yoke of heaven. Even though the Bach (70) holds that women are obligated to accept the yoke of heaven daily, the Mishna Brurah 70:1 and Halacha Brurah 70:1 bring many who argue and hold like S”A that it’s only proper but not an obligation. </ref> that women say the pasuk of Shema Yisrael <Ref> The Rama 70:1 explains it to mean the pasuk of Shema Yisrael. The Nachalat Tzvi 70:1 writes that S”A holds that women should say the first paragraph and the Levush (brought by Mishna Brurah 70:5 and Halacha Brurah 70:1) implies that S”A agrees to the Rama. Halacha Brurah 70:1 rules that both for Ashkenazim and Sephardim it’s sufficient to say the first pasuk. </ref> (and Baruch Shem) <ref>Levush 70:1, Chida in Kesher Gudal 11:3, and Halacha Brurah 70:1 write that women should also say Baruch Shem along with Shema Yisrael. </ref>. | # Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema <ref>S”A 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. </ref> however it is proper <Ref>S”A 70:1 writes that it’s proper that women accept upon themselves the yoke of heaven. Even though the Bach (70) holds that women are obligated to accept the yoke of heaven daily, the Mishna Brurah 70:1 and Halacha Brurah 70:1 bring many who argue and hold like S”A that it’s only proper but not an obligation. </ref> that women say the pasuk of Shema Yisrael <Ref> The Rama 70:1 explains it to mean the pasuk of Shema Yisrael. The Nachalat Tzvi 70:1 writes that S”A holds that women should say the first paragraph and the Levush (brought by Mishna Brurah 70:5 and Halacha Brurah 70:1) implies that S”A agrees to the Rama. Halacha Brurah 70:1 rules that both for Ashkenazim and Sephardim it’s sufficient to say the first pasuk. </ref> (and Baruch Shem) <ref>Levush 70:1, Chida in Kesher Gudal 11:3, and Halacha Brurah 70:1 write that women should also say Baruch Shem along with Shema Yisrael. </ref>. | ||
# A groom the night of his wedding is obligated to say the Kriyat Shema. <ref> The Mishna (Brachot 16b) writes that a groom of a virgin was exempt from saying Kriyat Shema because he is busy with his mitzvah. However, Tosfot (Brachot 17b D”H Rav Shisha) writes that since nowadays we don’t have kavanah anyway a groom is obligated to say Kriyat Shema. This is quoted in the Hagot Maimon (Kriyat Shema 4:2), and Mordechai 2:3. However, Rambam (Kriyat Shema 4:7) rules that a groom is exempt but is permitted to say it if he is able to concentrate. Pri Megadim (A”A 70:2) explains that S”A 70:3 rules like Tosfot that a groom is obligated in Kriyat Shema and it’s not just optional. Such is the opinion of most achronim including the Sh”t HaRama 132:1, Levush 70:3, Olat Tamid 70:6, Atert Zekenim 70:3, Bear Hetiev 70:4, S”A HaRav 70:3, Mishna Brurah 70:14, Kaf HaChaim 70:10, and Halacha Brurah 70:4. </ref> | |||
==Doing a task at the time of Kriyat Shema== | ==Doing a task at the time of Kriyat Shema== | ||
# If someone started a task before the time of Kriyat Shema began (at Olot HaShachar) he may continue as long one will have time after the work to say Kriyat Shema. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 70:23 and Halacha Brurah 70:6 </ref> | # If someone started a task before the time of Kriyat Shema began (at Olot HaShachar) he may continue as long one will have time after the work to say Kriyat Shema. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 70:23 and Halacha Brurah 70:6 </ref> | ||
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# When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25 </ref> | # When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25 </ref> | ||
# When one says “UReetem Oto” (in the third paragraph of Shema) one should kiss the two front tzitiyot. <Ref>S”A 61:25 </ref> | # When one says “UReetem Oto” (in the third paragraph of Shema) one should kiss the two front tzitiyot. <Ref>S”A 61:25 </ref> | ||
==Kavana one needs for Shema== | |||
# Besides Kavana that one has to fulfill the positive Mitzvah to say Shema (since we hold [[Mitzvot need Kavana]]), one needs to understand what one is saying in the first pasuk of Shema because of the Kabalat Ol Malchut Shamayim (acceptance of yoke of heaven) and Yichud Hashem (knowing the Hashem is one). <Ref> Sh”t Rashba 1:344 writes that even though one needs Kavana by every mitzvah by Shema and Shemona Esreh one needs also to think about the words. So rules S”A 60:5 </ref> However, in the rest of Shema one only needs Kavana to say the words (not to be Metasek, accidentally doing the action). <Ref> Raah (Brachot 2e) writes that there’s three levels of Kavana; first is not to be Metasek to intend to do the action of the mitzvah such as reading the words of Shema even if his intention is to check that it’s written correctly, then second is Kavana to fulfill every mitzvah, and the third Kavana is to intend every word for Hashem as one is able. This is quoted by Sefer Hashlama, Sefer Meorot, Rav Avraham Alashvili, Shitah Mekubeset, Ritva all found on Brachot 13a, and Avudraham (Siddur Kol Hashana). S”A 60:5 rules that the first Kavana is sufficient for the rest of Shema and the third level of Kavana is needed for the first pasuk of Shema. So rules many Achronim including Sh”t Radvaz 4:1094, Magan Avrham 60:4, Pri Chadash 60:5, Eliyah Raba 60:3, Pri Megadim A”A 60:4, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 60:5 and Halacha Brurah 60:17. </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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