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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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# There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan. <ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 D”H Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh (Siman 2) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | # There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan. <ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 D”H Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh (Siman 2) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | ||
== Earliest time and Vatikin== | == Earliest time and Vatikin== | ||
# The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before HaNetz (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at HaNetz. This is the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before HaNetz (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at HaNetz. Mishna | # The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before HaNetz (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at HaNetz. This is the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref> S”A 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before HaNetz (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shemoneh Esrei]] at HaNetz. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur S"A 17:1 concur. </ref> | ||
# The earliest time for shema or Brachot shema is when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]] away called [[Tzitzit#mesheyakir| Mesheyakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Preferably, one should say it later since some hold the earliest time is closer to [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Additionally, the earliest time for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] is [[HaNetz HaChama]] unless it’s a Shat HaDachak (pressing need) and so one will need to wait a long time between saying Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and will not be able to juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah. <ref> S”A 58:1,3. | # The earliest time for shema or Brachot shema is when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 [[amot]] away called [[Tzitzit#mesheyakir| Mesheyakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Preferably, one should say it later since some hold the earliest time is closer to [[HaNetz HaChama]]. Additionally, the earliest time for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] is [[HaNetz HaChama]] unless it’s a Shat HaDachak (pressing need) and so one will need to wait a long time between saying Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and will not be able to juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah. <ref> S”A 58:1,3. | ||
* Brachot 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before HaNetz as the practice of the Vatikin and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 amot. | * Brachot 9b records the dispute between Abaye who holds the time for Shema is shortly before HaNetz as the practice of the Vatikin and Rav Huna who allows from when one can recognize an acquaintance from 4 amot. | ||
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# When one says the first pasuk of Kriyat Shema, one should instill in one's heart love of Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 25:14 quotes the Sefer Charedim who says that just as one shouldn't say Shema without Tefillin, so too one shouldn't say the first Pasuk of Shema without instilling in one's heart love of Hashem as the pasuk speaks about the command to love Hashem.</ref> | # When one says the first pasuk of Kriyat Shema, one should instill in one's heart love of Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 25:14 quotes the Sefer Charedim who says that just as one shouldn't say Shema without Tefillin, so too one shouldn't say the first Pasuk of Shema without instilling in one's heart love of Hashem as the pasuk speaks about the command to love Hashem.</ref> | ||
# One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. Such is the Minhag of Sephardim and some Ashkenzim, however some Ashkenazim have the Minhag to not say it with the tune. However one should still pasue in the proper places not to mess up the meaning of the words. <Ref> Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 8b says that one must say Kriyat Shema with the Torah reading tune. So rules the Tur and S”A 61:24. Rama adds that the Minhag Ashkenaz is not to say it with the tune but some are strict in this regard. </ref> | # One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. Such is the Minhag of Sephardim and some Ashkenzim, however some Ashkenazim have the Minhag to not say it with the tune. However one should still pasue in the proper places not to mess up the meaning of the words. <Ref> Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 8b says that one must say Kriyat Shema with the Torah reading tune. So rules the Tur and S”A 61:24. Rama adds that the Minhag Ashkenaz is not to say it with the tune but some are strict in this regard. </ref> | ||
# Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna | # Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna Brurah 62:2 writes that the reward for being careful in this is that gehenom will be cooled down for you. </ref> | ||
# One should be particularly careful that if the last letter of one word and the first letter of the next work, like bichol livavicha or vaavaditem miheira, to pronounce clearly that it is two different words. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:20 based on gemara berachot 15. Mishna | # One should be particularly careful that if the last letter of one word and the first letter of the next work, like bichol livavicha or vaavaditem miheira, to pronounce clearly that it is two different words. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:20 based on gemara berachot 15. Mishna Brurah 61:33 adds that one shouldn't pause for too long because there is a makaf (hyphen), meaning that it is supposed to be pronounced together. </ref> One should also be careful when the last letter of a word in mem and the first letter of the next word is an aleph like uzichartem et, that he doesn't make it sound like the mem belongs to the next word and he is saying met. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:21. Mishna Brurah 61:34 extends this to any situation where the mem and the alef are next to each other even when it will not sound like he is saying met, and also to whenever the aleph will get swallowed if you do not take a short pause. </ref> | ||
==Kissing Tefilin and [[Tzitzit]] during Shema== | ==Kissing Tefilin and [[Tzitzit]] during Shema== | ||
