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# One may mark (not in the form a letter) a parchment by pressing one's nail on the parchment because it doesn’t last, yet it’s preferable not to do this because some authorities forbid this. <Ref> S”A 340:5, Birkei Yosef 340:5 that Or Zaruah and Smak forbid, Biur Halacha D”H “Mutar”  </ref> However, all opinions agree that it’s forbidden to mark a paper as it’s soft and the mark will last. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 340:25 </ref>
# One may mark (not in the form a letter) a parchment by pressing one's nail on the parchment because it doesn’t last, yet it’s preferable not to do this because some authorities forbid this. <Ref> S”A 340:5, Birkei Yosef 340:5 that Or Zaruah and Smak forbid, Biur Halacha D”H “Mutar”  </ref> However, all opinions agree that it’s forbidden to mark a paper as it’s soft and the mark will last. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 340:25 </ref>
# One may fold the page of a book to mark the place even if the crease leaves a lasting mark. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava 22:25, Shevet Hakehati 1:130 writes that it’s better not to fold the pages even during the week so as not to disrespect the sefer. see also Rivivot Efraim 1:223 (11) </ref>
# One may fold the page of a book to mark the place even if the crease leaves a lasting mark. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava 22:25, Shevet Hakehati 1:130 writes that it’s better not to fold the pages even during the week so as not to disrespect the sefer. see also Rivivot Efraim 1:223 (11) </ref>
# Many poskim hold that it is permitted to open a book on [[Shabbat]] even though it has letters or pictures on the side of the pages of the book; if, however, there is another similar book available without letters on the side, one should use that one.  Also, it’s preferable not to write on the sides of books in order to avoid this issue. <Ref> Birkei Yosef 340:5, Leviat Chen 120, Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 13:44, Vayesh Moshe 1:65, Mishna Berura 340:17.
* The Levush 340:4 writes that it is a Torah violation to open or close a book with words stamped on the sides of the pages. He maintains that opening the book is [[erasing]] because the letters are broken, and then closing the book again is writing because the letters are reformed. Magen Avraham 340:6 and Chazon Ish 61:1 are machmir for this Levush.
* The Rama in a teshuva (119), however, is lenient based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] (104b) that says that there is a biblical prohibition if a person writes one letter in Tiveriya and one in Tzipori because it is not considered lacking a significant action to bring them together. The Rama infers that moving letters closer to or further from one another is not considered writing or [[erasing]]. Similarly, opening the book doesn’t erase the letters, but merely separates the parts of the letters, and closing the book doesn’t write the letters, but just combines the halves.
* The Avnei Neizer 210:1-3 rejects this proof. He argues that [[separating]] two letters isn’t considered [[erasing]] because the letters still exist, but splitting letters horizontally is considered [[erasing]] because the letters become nonexistent. See Rama (ibid.) and Taz 340:2 for resolutions to this difficulty.
* However, Sh"t Rama 119 and Taz 340:2 disagree saying that bringing existing letters together isn't a melacha and since the book is meant to be open and closed it is like opening and closing a door which is certainly permissible and not an issue of [[boneh]] and soter. The Rama's leniency is based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] (104b) that says that there is a biblical prohibition if a person writes one letter in Tiveriya and one in Tzipori because it is not considered lacking a significant action to bring them together. The Rama infers that moving letters closer to or further from one another is not considered writing or [[erasing]]. Similarly, opening the book doesn’t erase the letters, but merely separates the parts of the letters, and closing the book doesn’t write the letters, but just combines the halves. The Avnei Neizer 210:1-3 rejects this proof. He argues that [[separating]] two letters isn’t considered [[erasing]] because the letters still exist, but splitting letters horizontally is considered [[erasing]] because the letters become nonexistent. See Rama (ibid.) and Taz 340:2 for resolutions to this difficulty. Based on this Avnei Nezer, see also Sh"t Har Tzvi Melechet Kotev 4 writes that even the Levush himself agrees that [[seperating]] two complete letters isn't an issue of writing. He is just concerned of joining and [[separating]] letter fragments but not [[separating]] two whole letters.
* Mishna Brurah 340:17 comments that the minhag is to follow the Rama, yet if one has another sefer without letters on the side, he should use that one instead to be strict for the Levush. </ref>
# If a page in a book ripped where words are written, it’s permissible to place the pieces next to one another in order to read it, if one doesn’t have another copy of that book. <Ref> Mishnat Halachot vol 6 Siman 89, Sh"t Be'er Moshe 6:125, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHalichata 28:2, Igrot Moshe Y”D vol 2 Siman 75 D”H “VeDvar HaDaf” </ref>
# If a page in a book ripped where words are written, it’s permissible to place the pieces next to one another in order to read it, if one doesn’t have another copy of that book. <Ref> Mishnat Halachot vol 6 Siman 89, Sh"t Be'er Moshe 6:125, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHalichata 28:2, Igrot Moshe Y”D vol 2 Siman 75 D”H “VeDvar HaDaf” </ref>
# If pages were stuck together by glue or some or material (like water) then it depends; if the pages are stuck in a place of letters, it’s forbidden to pull them apart because in doing so one breaks the letters, however, if the pages are stuck in a place of no letters, it’s permissible to pull the pages apart. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:1 </ref>
# If pages were stuck together by glue or some or material (like water) then it depends; if the pages are stuck in a place of letters, it’s forbidden to pull them apart because in doing so one breaks the letters, however, if the pages are stuck in a place of no letters, it’s permissible to pull the pages apart. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:1 </ref>
===Writing on the Side of Books===
{{Writing on the Side of Books}}
==Other Practical Examples==
==Other Practical Examples==
# It’s permissible to walk in shoes that have words etched into the soles that form words when walking on dirt or snow. <Ref> Yabia Omer O”C 5:28, Az Nidaberu 8:21, Beir Sharim 2:67, 3:38:3.  </ref>
# It’s permissible to walk in shoes that have words etched into the soles that form words when walking on dirt or snow. <Ref> Yabia Omer O”C 5:28, Az Nidaberu 8:21, Beir Sharim 2:67, 3:38:3.  </ref>
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