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Kosher Oil, Wicks, and Candles for Chanuka: Difference between revisions

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Kosher Oil, Wicks, and Candles for Chanuka (view source)

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# Where necessary, one may use oil one day and candles the next <ref> Sefer Hilchos Chanukah pg. 12</ref>
# Where necessary, one may use oil one day and candles the next <ref> Sefer Hilchos Chanukah pg. 12</ref>
# Someone involved in sticking wax candles to the Chanukia and then finds oil, should switch to use oil. If one started the bracha on the wax candles one can’t switch to oil. <ref> Sh”t Shevut Yacov 1:37 says once one sticks the wax candles to the Chanukia one began the mitzvah and shouldn’t change to oil. Sh”t Chacham Tzvi 45 argues that that isn’t called starting the mitzvah. Sh”t Shevut Yacov defends himself in [[teshuva]] 2:30 and agrees even though one started the mitzvah one doesn’t have to change to oil but can if he wants to be strict. Most of the Achronim hold like the Chacham Tzvi including:Sh”t Shaar Yosef 8, Birkei Yosef 673:3, Sh”t Yad Eliyahu Melublin 42, Sh”t Tiferet Yosef O”C 36, Sh”t Nachalat Binyamin O”C 132, Sh”t Shelat Shalom (Kama 113), and Kol Sinai (Kislev 5725). Shaarei Teshuva 673:1 and Aruch HaShulchan 673:6 say that once one begins the bracha one can’t change to oil at all. </ref>
# Someone involved in sticking wax candles to the Chanukia and then finds oil, should switch to use oil. If one started the bracha on the wax candles one can’t switch to oil. <ref> Sh”t Shevut Yacov 1:37 says once one sticks the wax candles to the Chanukia one began the mitzvah and shouldn’t change to oil. Sh”t Chacham Tzvi 45 argues that that isn’t called starting the mitzvah. Sh”t Shevut Yacov defends himself in [[teshuva]] 2:30 and agrees even though one started the mitzvah one doesn’t have to change to oil but can if he wants to be strict. Most of the Achronim hold like the Chacham Tzvi including:Sh”t Shaar Yosef 8, Birkei Yosef 673:3, Sh”t Yad Eliyahu Melublin 42, Sh”t Tiferet Yosef O”C 36, Sh”t Nachalat Binyamin O”C 132, Sh”t Shelat Shalom (Kama 113), and Kol Sinai (Kislev 5725). Shaarei Teshuva 673:1 and Aruch HaShulchan 673:6 say that once one begins the bracha one can’t change to oil at all. </ref>
# One can’t use an electric light (because it lacks oil and wick) or a gas flame (because it lacks a wick) for [[Chanukah]] candles. If one has nothing else one should turn it on without a bracha (whether one can get benefit from it, see later on).If one later gets a candle he should light with a bracha. According to some Ashkenazic poskim he can eat recite a bracha. <ref> Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yacheve Daat 4:38, Yabia Omer O”C 2:17(12),3:35, 10:54(19), Chazon Ovadyah ([[Chanukah]] pg 93), Sh”t Bet Yitzchak Y”D 120, doesn’t allow electric or gas lights. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka 673:6 p. 289 agrees. Rav Nissim Karelitz (cited by Piskei Shemuot p. 107) holds that one can light electric candles without a bracha. Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach in Halichot Shlomo (Moadim 283), and Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuvot 3:103 say if there’s nothing else available if the lights are set up so it’s recognizable that it’s [[Chanukah]] candles one can light with a bracha.
* Gas: Pitchei Sharim ([[Shabbat]] 21a) and Sh”t Yad HaLevi O”C 116 forbid the use of gas bulbs. Sh”t Yam Hagadol 32 allows gas but not electric lights.[Atret Zekenim 673 quotes Maharal of Prague who forbids even wax because the miracle happened with oil.]
* Electric: Ashel Avrham Nemark ([[Shabbat]] 22a), Sh”t Mayim Chaim Mashash 279, Or [[Chadash]] 5665 pg 36, Sh”t Ohel Yitzchak Posek in name of Rabbi Yachanon Fershel, and Sh”t Kochavei Yitzchak 5-8 allow electric lights. However, Sh”t Levushei Mordechai Winkler ([[Tallit]]a O”C 59, Mehudra Batra 19), Sh”t Har Tzvi O”C 2:114, Sh”t Bear Moshe 6:59, Sh”t Ohel Yitzchak Posek 3, Sh”t Darkei Shalom Leiter 63(5), Pedukat Elazar 23, Sh”t Eliyahu Kalsakin 63, Sh”t Dvar Eliyahu 63, Sh”t Mishpatei Uziel O”C 1:7(2), Sh”t Mahargash 2:107, Kaf HaChaim 673:19, Sh”t Mishnat Sachir 2:203, Even Yisrael 9 pg 127b, Sh”t Yashkil Avdi O”C 2:9(8), 3:17, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 1:20(12), and Sh”t Shevet Hakehati 3:199 forbid the use of electric lights.
* Or Letzion 4:44:2 writes that you can fulfill your obligation of chanuka candles with electric lights if it is battery run and not plugged into an outlet. </ref>
# Oils that spoiled that are inedible are unfit, unless it’s inedible because it’s bitter and it’s not spoiled is fit just like wax which is fit even though it’s inedible. <ref> S”A 154:12 if a mouse is found in the oil and it makes it spoiled it can’t be used to light in the Shul. Knesset Hagedolah extends this halacha to all candles of mitzvah. Pri Megadim A”A 154:19, M”Z 154:10, Erech Hashulchan Y”D 104:10, Mishna Brurah 673:3 say this law explicitly by [[Chanukah]]. By lighting in a shul, Magen Avraham 154:15, Olot Tamid 154:15, Ben Ish Chai (Vayeshev 12) say that spoiling that makes it inedible is unfit but if it’s just bitter it’s fit. </ref>
# Oils that spoiled that are inedible are unfit, unless it’s inedible because it’s bitter and it’s not spoiled is fit just like wax which is fit even though it’s inedible. <ref> S”A 154:12 if a mouse is found in the oil and it makes it spoiled it can’t be used to light in the Shul. Knesset Hagedolah extends this halacha to all candles of mitzvah. Pri Megadim A”A 154:19, M”Z 154:10, Erech Hashulchan Y”D 104:10, Mishna Brurah 673:3 say this law explicitly by [[Chanukah]]. By lighting in a shul, Magen Avraham 154:15, Olot Tamid 154:15, Ben Ish Chai (Vayeshev 12) say that spoiling that makes it inedible is unfit but if it’s just bitter it’s fit. </ref>
# All wicks and oils are kosher for [[Chanukah]] candles even the wicks and oils that are unfit for [[Shabbat]] candles such as wicks of cotton, hair or silk, and oils of castor oil or pitch (See Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Candles), which the wicks don’t draw well from the oil. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21a brings a dispute in the Amoraim. We hold that these wicks and oils are permitted for [[Chanukah]]. It’s only a potential issue on Friday afternoon and even then it’s permitted since we are not afraid that on [[Shabbat]] you’ll fix the wick (to draw better) because the [[Chanukah]] candles are forbidden to benefit from their light and if they go out one donesn’t have to relight them. Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:6), Tur and S”A 673:1. </ref>
# All wicks and oils are kosher for [[Chanukah]] candles even the wicks and oils that are unfit for [[Shabbat]] candles such as wicks of cotton, hair or silk, and oils of castor oil or pitch (See Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Candles), which the wicks don’t draw well from the oil. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21a brings a dispute in the Amoraim. We hold that these wicks and oils are permitted for [[Chanukah]]. It’s only a potential issue on Friday afternoon and even then it’s permitted since we are not afraid that on [[Shabbat]] you’ll fix the wick (to draw better) because the [[Chanukah]] candles are forbidden to benefit from their light and if they go out one donesn’t have to relight them. Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:6), Tur and S”A 673:1. </ref>
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# Oil which is inedible, according to most opinions is totally fit and permissible to be used for [[Chanukah]] candles, however, some say that it’s preferable to use edible oil. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 673:5, Shevut Yitzchak (vol 5) in name of Rav Elyashiv </ref>
# Oil which is inedible, according to most opinions is totally fit and permissible to be used for [[Chanukah]] candles, however, some say that it’s preferable to use edible oil. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 673:5, Shevut Yitzchak (vol 5) in name of Rav Elyashiv </ref>
# Some say that using congealed solid olive oil has the added level of using olive oil, while some say it isn't the highest level.<ref>Piskei Shemuot 673:1 p. 103 quotes Rav Wosner as holding that congealed olive oil is perfectly acceptable for chanuka candles and is like olive oil. However, he quotes Rav Nissim Karelitz that it isn't considered the added level of olive oil since it might not be valid for oil in the beit hamikdash and chanuka candles are to remember the candles in the beit hamikdash.</ref>
# Some say that using congealed solid olive oil has the added level of using olive oil, while some say it isn't the highest level.<ref>Piskei Shemuot 673:1 p. 103 quotes Rav Wosner as holding that congealed olive oil is perfectly acceptable for chanuka candles and is like olive oil. However, he quotes Rav Nissim Karelitz that it isn't considered the added level of olive oil since it might not be valid for oil in the beit hamikdash and chanuka candles are to remember the candles in the beit hamikdash.</ref>
===Electric Lights===
# One can’t use an electric light (because it lacks oil and wick) or a gas flame (because it lacks a wick) for [[Chanukah]] candles. If one has nothing else one should turn it on without a bracha (whether one can get benefit from it, see later on).If one later gets a candle he should light with a bracha. According to some Ashkenazic poskim he can even recite a bracha. <ref> Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yacheve Daat 4:38, Yabia Omer O”C 2:17(12),3:35, 10:54(19), Chazon Ovadyah ([[Chanukah]] pg 93), Sh”t Bet Yitzchak Y”D 120, doesn’t allow electric or gas lights. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka 673:6 p. 289 agrees. Rav Nissim Karelitz (cited by Piskei Shemuot p. 107) holds that one can light electric candles without a bracha. Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach in Halichot Shlomo (Moadim 283), and Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuvot 3:103 say if there’s nothing else available if the lights are set up so it’s recognizable that it’s [[Chanukah]] candles one can light with a bracha.
* Gas: Pitchei Sharim ([[Shabbat]] 21a) and Sh”t Yad HaLevi O”C 116 forbid the use of gas bulbs. Sh”t Yam Hagadol 32 allows gas but not electric lights.[Atret Zekenim 673 quotes Maharal of Prague who forbids even wax because the miracle happened with oil.]
* Electric: Ashel Avrham Nemark ([[Shabbat]] 22a), Sh”t Mayim Chaim Mashash 279, Or [[Chadash]] 5665 pg 36, Sh”t Ohel Yitzchak Posek in name of Rabbi Yachanon Fershel, and Sh”t Kochavei Yitzchak 5-8 allow electric lights. However, Sh”t Levushei Mordechai Winkler ([[Tallit]]a O”C 59, Mehudra Batra 19), Sh”t Har Tzvi O”C 2:114, Sh”t Bear Moshe 6:59, Sh”t Ohel Yitzchak Posek 3, Sh”t Darkei Shalom Leiter 63(5), Pedukat Elazar 23, Sh”t Eliyahu Kalsakin 63, Sh”t Dvar Eliyahu 63, Sh”t Mishpatei Uziel O”C 1:7(2), Sh”t Mahargash 2:107, Kaf HaChaim 673:19, Sh”t Mishnat Sachir 2:203, Even Yisrael 9 pg 127b, Sh”t Yashkil Avdi O”C 2:9(8), 3:17, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 1:20(12), Az Nidabru 3:1, and Sh”t Shevet Hakehati 3:199 forbid the use of electric lights for Chanuka candles for numerous reasons.
* Or Letzion 4:44:2 writes that you can fulfill your obligation of chanuka candles with electric lights if it is battery run and not plugged into an outlet. </ref>


== The wicks that are Kosher==
== The wicks that are Kosher==
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