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Kosher Food Packaging for Deliveries: Difference between revisions
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Kosher Food Packaging for Deliveries (view source)
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==General== | ==General== | ||
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==How Many Seals are Needed?== | ==How Many Seals are Needed?== | ||
There is a disagreement among Medieval Rabbis about how to understand a seeming contradiction in Rav's opinion<ref>Avodah Zarah 31a and Avodah Zarah 39a-b</ref>regarding the number of seals which are needed.<ref name=":0">Rabbeinu Tam and Rashba on Avodah Zarah 39a say that the distinction is that if one is using a non-Jewish delivery person, then one seal is needed, but if one was using a delivery person who is a Jew who is suspect to eat non-Kosher food, then two seals are needed. Tosfot on Avodah Zarah 39a says that the distinction is that if you are using a non-Jewish messenger, but you can see the product on both sides of his delivery, then only one seal is needed. However, according to Tosfot, if there are different Jewish people on the two ends of the delivery, then two seals are needed. Rambam in Hilchot Maachalot Asurot 13:10, Aruch HaShulchan Y.D. 118:2, and Shach Y.D. 118:3 says that the distinction is about what food products are being sent and what level the concern about their Kashrut reaches. To the Rambam and the others listed here, if the food presents a DiOrayta Kashrut concern, two seals are needed. If, however, the food only presents a DiRabbanan concern, only one seal is needed.</ref> The Shulchan Aruch holds that if the food presents Kashrut concerns on a DiOrayta level, then two seals are needed. However, other food would only require one seal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:1</ref> The Shulchan Aruch nevertheless cites other opinions which are more stringent when it comes to which situations require two seals. | #There is a disagreement among Medieval Rabbis about how to understand a seeming contradiction in Rav's opinion<ref>Avodah Zarah 31a and Avodah Zarah 39a-b</ref>regarding the number of seals which are needed.<ref name=":0">Rabbeinu Tam and Rashba on Avodah Zarah 39a say that the distinction is that if one is using a non-Jewish delivery person, then one seal is needed, but if one was using a delivery person who is a Jew who is suspect to eat non-Kosher food, then two seals are needed. Tosfot on Avodah Zarah 39a says that the distinction is that if you are using a non-Jewish messenger, but you can see the product on both sides of his delivery, then only one seal is needed. However, according to Tosfot, if there are different Jewish people on the two ends of the delivery, then two seals are needed. Rambam in Hilchot Maachalot Asurot 13:10, Aruch HaShulchan Y.D. 118:2, and Shach Y.D. 118:3 says that the distinction is about what food products are being sent and what level the concern about their Kashrut reaches. To the Rambam and the others listed here, if the food presents a DiOrayta Kashrut concern, two seals are needed. If, however, the food only presents a DiRabbanan concern, only one seal is needed.</ref> The Shulchan Aruch holds that if the food presents Kashrut concerns on a DiOrayta level, then two seals are needed. However, other food would only require one seal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:1</ref> The Shulchan Aruch nevertheless cites other opinions which are more stringent when it comes to which situations require two seals. | ||
#Ashkenazim hold that after the fact, only one seal is needed if the food was delivered by a non-Jew.<ref>Tosfot Avoda Zara 31a s.v. damar quotes Rabbenu Tam as holding that for a non-Jew one seal is sufficient two seals are only necessary for a non-religious Jew. Ramban Avoda Zara 31a s.v. umafteach and Rashba 31a s.v. echad disagree with Rabbenu Tam. Ramban argues that the Rif and Bahag agree with him. Meiri 31a implies that the majority don't follow Rabbenu Tam. Nemukei Yosef Avoda Zara 31a cites Rabbenu Tam. Raah 31a distinguishes between food left in the property of a non-Jew that requires two seals but not if it is in the property of a Jew. Rama 118:1 follows the Rabbenu Tam after the fact based on the Iser Vheter 22:11. However, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:1 rejects the opinion of Rabbenu Tam. Kaf Hachaim 118:21 writes that Rabbenu Tam isn't accepted even for a major loss but it could be used for a factor to be lenient together with other reasons.</ref> | |||
==Types of Effective Seals== | ==Types of Effective Seals== | ||
=== | #Some say that a seal which is really difficult to reproduce is considered like a double seal.<ref>[https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/6314/signed-sealed-and-delivered-the-requirements-for-chosmos-on-our-foods/ Rav Nissim Miller in Kosher Kurrents Winter 2020 fnt. 10] cites Rav Moshe Heinemann as holding that any single seal which is very difficult to reproduce is considered like a double seal.</ref> | ||
===Unique Knots=== | |||
#Two uncommon knots which are tied around a package could be considered two seals, however two regular knots would not count as two seals.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 130:5. The Taz Y.D. 130:8 explains that simple and common knots are too easy to untie and tie again, so there is not a sure enough guarantee that the food has not been tampered with by the delivery person</ref> Some say, however, that if the first knot is uncommon, then even if the second knot is common the combination of the two would be considered two seals.<ref>Sefer Bein Yisrael LNachri Y.D. 17:21</ref> | #Two uncommon knots which are tied around a package could be considered two seals, however two regular knots would not count as two seals.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 130:5. The Taz Y.D. 130:8 explains that simple and common knots are too easy to untie and tie again, so there is not a sure enough guarantee that the food has not been tampered with by the delivery person</ref> Some say, however, that if the first knot is uncommon, then even if the second knot is common the combination of the two would be considered two seals.<ref>Sefer Bein Yisrael LNachri Y.D. 17:21</ref> | ||
#If you have a unique seal on a package of some kind (which is distinct from the usual way to seal the type of package in question), then adding a knot<ref>Or a wax seal.</ref> on top of the box is sufficient to establish this package as doubly-sealed.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:4</ref> | #If you have a unique seal on a package of some kind (which is distinct from the usual way to seal the type of package in question), then adding a knot<ref>Or a wax seal.</ref> on top of the box is sufficient to establish this package as doubly-sealed.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:4</ref> | ||
=== Signing With Two Letters === | |||
# It is considered two seals if a Jew signs or writes two letters across the closures of a package.<ref>Ran Avoda Zara 11a, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:3</ref> | |||
=== Locks === | |||
# A seal and a lock is like two seals, but one lock isn't even like one seal.<ref>Ran Avodah Zara 11a, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 118:4</ref> | |||
===Sealing Bottles Effectively=== | ===Sealing Bottles Effectively=== | ||
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#Some poskim hold that you can seal a bottle loosely and then fasten a clay seal on top of that in order to render its one seal. However, some authorities recommend being stringent.<ref>Kaf HaChaim Y.D. 118:24</ref> | #Some poskim hold that you can seal a bottle loosely and then fasten a clay seal on top of that in order to render its one seal. However, some authorities recommend being stringent.<ref>Kaf HaChaim Y.D. 118:24</ref> | ||
===Using Nails=== | ===Using Nails on Wooden or Metal Boxes=== | ||
# If you get food delivered in a wooden or metal box, and the cover is attached with nails- that is considered a seal, because it is very hard to open that type of closure.<ref>Aruch HaShulchan Y.D. 118:19</ref> | #If you get food delivered in a wooden or metal box, and the cover is attached with nails- that is considered a seal, because it is very hard to open that type of closure.<ref>Aruch HaShulchan Y.D. 118:19</ref> | ||
==Wine Delivered by a non-Jew== | ==Wine Delivered by a non-Jew== | ||
