Koshair: Difference between revisions
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==Double knots== | ==Double knots== | ||
#According to Ashkenazim, a tight double knot is considered like a professional knot and may not be tied. The Sephardic custom, however, is to be lenient if one intends to untie it within 7 days, yet, one who is strict will be blessed.<ref>*Shiltei Giborim 41b writes that a double knot might be a professional knot because it is a strong knot. Thus, Rama 317:1 forbids [[tying]] a double knot even if it is not meant to last. Many Ashkenazic authorities, including Kitzur S”A 80:45, Mishna Brurah 317:14, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:52 and The 39 Melachos (vol 3, p. 792) agree, while the Aruch HaShulchan 317:10 disagrees. | #According to Ashkenazim, a tight double knot is considered like a professional knot and may not be tied. The Sephardic custom, however, is to be lenient if one intends to untie it within 7 days, yet, one who is strict will be blessed.<ref> | ||
*Shiltei Giborim 41b writes that a double knot might be a professional knot because it is a strong knot. Thus, Rama 317:1 forbids [[tying]] a double knot even if it is not meant to last. Many Ashkenazic authorities, including Kitzur S”A 80:45, Mishna Brurah 317:14, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:52 and The 39 Melachos (vol 3, p. 792) agree, while the Aruch HaShulchan 317:10 disagrees. | |||
*However, the Chida in Birkei Yosef 317:1 writes that in his locale, almost no one was strict for this Rama. Ben Ish Chai in Rav Pe’alim 2:44 explains that the Chida meant that the minhag is incorrect but that one need not protest. Thus, Ben Ish Chai (Ki Teitzei #2) forbids [[tying]] a double knot. Yalkut Yosef 317:8 argues that the Chida meant that Sephardim consider a double knot to be a non-professional knot and it may be tied if it is not meant to last. This is also the conclusion in Chazon Ovadia Part 5 page 57 that in time of need one may be lenient. | *However, the Chida in Birkei Yosef 317:1 writes that in his locale, almost no one was strict for this Rama. Ben Ish Chai in Rav Pe’alim 2:44 explains that the Chida meant that the minhag is incorrect but that one need not protest. Thus, Ben Ish Chai (Ki Teitzei #2) forbids [[tying]] a double knot. Yalkut Yosef 317:8 argues that the Chida meant that Sephardim consider a double knot to be a non-professional knot and it may be tied if it is not meant to last. This is also the conclusion in Chazon Ovadia Part 5 page 57 that in time of need one may be lenient. | ||
*The Magen Avraham 317:4 (according to the Pri Megadim and Levushei Sarad, unlike the Machasit HaShekel) writes that the only issue with the double knot is that it might be a professional knot because it is tight. If, however, one were to tie a loose double knot, it would be permitted. Similarly, Kaf HaChaim 317:23 explains that the Chida was only lenient if it is a loose double knot. Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 14:5) agrees for a different reason. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:55 rules that it is permitted to tie a loose double knot if it is meant to come undone within one day. He clarifies that loose means that it is able to become undone by itself. The [[Shabbos]] Home (vol 1, p. 207) agrees.</ref> | *The Magen Avraham 317:4 (according to the Pri Megadim and Levushei Sarad, unlike the Machasit HaShekel) writes that the only issue with the double knot is that it might be a professional knot because it is tight. If, however, one were to tie a loose double knot, it would be permitted. Similarly, Kaf HaChaim 317:23 explains that the Chida was only lenient if it is a loose double knot. Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 14:5) agrees for a different reason. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:55 rules that it is permitted to tie a loose double knot if it is meant to come undone within one day. He clarifies that loose means that it is able to become undone by itself. The [[Shabbos]] Home (vol 1, p. 207) agrees.</ref> | ||
#It is permitted to tie a loose double knot if it’s usually not meant to last 24 hours and this time specifically it's also not meant to last 24 hours.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:52 (in new edition 15:55), The [[Shabbos]] Home (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, vol 1, chap 13, pg 208) </ref> For example, it’s permissible to tie a double knot for a belt (gartel) or sash (tichel) if it’s going to be untied in 24 hours since it’s not meant to be tight.<ref>Shaarei Teshuva (317:1), Tzitz Eliezer 16:10, Menuchat Ahava 14:5, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 793) </ref> | #It is permitted to tie a loose double knot if it’s usually not meant to last 24 hours and this time specifically it's also not meant to last 24 hours.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:52 (in new edition 15:55), The [[Shabbos]] Home (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, vol 1, chap 13, pg 208) </ref> For example, it’s permissible to tie a double knot for a belt (gartel) or sash (tichel) if it’s going to be untied in 24 hours since it’s not meant to be tight.<ref>Shaarei Teshuva (317:1), Tzitz Eliezer 16:10, Menuchat Ahava 14:5, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 793) </ref> | ||
#Some permit tying a double knot with one's shoelaces if they continually come out without making the double knot.<Ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/1030116/rabbi-hershel-schachter/hilchos-shabbos-shiur-48/ Rav Schachter (Hilchos Shabbos Shiur 48, min 21)]</ref> | |||
#If unintentionally one pulled the bow-knot of the shoelaces and it became a double knot, one may untie it.<ref>Mishnat Halachot 3:38, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (Koshair 3:5), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:56 (in new editions 15:60) </ref> | #If unintentionally one pulled the bow-knot of the shoelaces and it became a double knot, one may untie it.<ref>Mishnat Halachot 3:38, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (Koshair 3:5), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 15:56 (in new editions 15:60) </ref> | ||
#One can untie a double knot that is made on a candy bag given out at shul for a simcha.<ref>Toldot Yitzchak O”C 2:11 </ref> | #One can untie a double knot that is made on a candy bag given out at shul for a simcha.<ref>Toldot Yitzchak O”C 2:11 </ref> | ||
#One may tie a bandage on a wound with a loose double knot if it is meant to be untied within 24 hours. If it is meant to last for more than 24 hours but less than 7 days, one should use a adhesive bandage or a bow knot, however, if that isn't possible then it's permissible.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (in new editions 15:55) </ref> | #One may tie a bandage on a wound with a loose double knot if it is meant to be untied within 24 hours. If it is meant to last for more than 24 hours but less than 7 days, one should use a adhesive bandage or a bow knot, however, if that isn't possible then it's permissible.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (in new editions 15:55) </ref> | ||
# | # According to Ashkenazim, one may tie a head covering with a loose double knot as long as one usually unties it everyday. However, if one usually removes it within [[untying]] the knot then it's forbidden to tie it even if this time one's intent is to untie within 24 hours.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (in new editions 15:55) </ref> According to Sepharadim, one may tie a hair covering with a loose double knot which will last less than a week. <ref> Hazon Ovadia, Page 70; Ach Tov VaHessed, Year 5783, Page 124 </ref> | ||
#A bandage may not be tied using a double knot unless the bandage is meant to be switched daily, in which case, using a loose double knot is permissible.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata, 35:23.</ref> | #A bandage may not be tied using a double knot unless the bandage is meant to be switched daily, in which case, using a loose double knot is permissible.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata, 35:23.</ref> | ||
# It is permissible to tie a double knot on a garbage bag, but one who is strict should be blessed. <ref> Hazon Ovadia, Volume 5, Page 62; Ach Tov VaHessed, Year 5783, Page 124 </ref> | |||
==Wrapping a string== | ==Wrapping a string== | ||
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==Twist ties and Cable ties== | ==Twist ties and Cable ties== | ||
#Some authorities forbid using wire twist ties to close bags unless one plans to undo it within 24 hours.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 14:9 and (15 note 166, in the new edition note 174) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman </ref> However, others permit.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Melechat Koshair note 54) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> It is praiseworthy to avoid using them if they will remain undone for more than 24 hours.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 800) </ref> | #Some authorities forbid using wire twist ties to close bags unless one plans to undo it within 24 hours.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 14:9 and (15 note 166, in the new edition note 174) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman </ref> However, others permit.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, Melechat Koshair note 54) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein; Hazon Ovadia, Page 77; Ach Tov VaHessed, Year 5783, Page 124 </ref> It is praiseworthy to avoid using them if they will remain undone for more than 24 hours.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 800) </ref> | ||
#Some poskim permit using plastic cables ties since it is not a knot, but simply tightening.<ref>Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] Part 5 page 75 </ref> | #Some poskim permit using plastic cables ties since it is not a knot, but simply tightening.<ref>Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] Part 5 page 75 </ref> | ||
==Zipties== | |||
# Zipties are permissible on shabbat. <ref> Hazon Ovadia, Page 75; Ach Tov VaHessed, Year 5783, Page 124 </ref> | |||
==Fixing clothing== | ==Fixing clothing== | ||
