Klalei Halacha: Difference between revisions
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# Some say that everyone agrees that safek isur derabbanan lkula is permitted even initially, but only a safek mitzvah derabbanan lkula is to be avoided initially.<Ref>Rav Ovadia citing the Mutzal M'esh 13 based on Menachot 68b, Michtam LDovid 17 s.v. amnam</ref> | # Some say that everyone agrees that safek isur derabbanan lkula is permitted even initially, but only a safek mitzvah derabbanan lkula is to be avoided initially.<Ref>Rav Ovadia citing the Mutzal M'esh 13 based on Menachot 68b, Michtam LDovid 17 s.v. amnam</ref> | ||
==Safek Derabbanan Lkula Bchezkat Isur== | ==Safek Derabbanan Lkula Bchezkat Isur== | ||
# The Shach holds that when there is a chazaka of an isur we're strict about a safek derabbanan, while the Pri Chadash disagrees. Gilyon Hashas Brachot 12a explains that the Ri holds like the Shach. Rashba Niddah 61b s.v. ha clearly seems to side with the Pri Chadash who is lenient. See further in Yabia Omer YD 8:5 and Taharat Habayit v. 3 p. 11. Sidrei Tahara end of 199 cites Taz who is lenient. Rash Mikavot 2:2 implies that he's lenient. Shaar Hamelech Mikvaot 10:7 writes that the dispute in the Tosfot Pesachim 9a centers around whether you can have a safek derabbanan lkula if there was a chazaka of it being asur. How do we pasken on those answers? (See Gra YD 331:84 who says we’re lenient but Derech Emunah Maaser 3:63 disagrees.) Shach YD 110:21 is strict. Pri Chadash 110:34 and Taz 198:21 are lenient. Sidrei Tahara 199:40 and Taharat Habayit (v. 3, pp. 85-6) discuss this at length. Taz 69:24 is lenient and the Shaar Hamelech Mikvaot 10:7 disagrees. Meor Yisrael Pesachim 9a answers locally for the Taz but also that we’re lenient on every safek derabbanan where there’s a chezkat isur. Chida in Machzik Bracha 69:14 agrees. | # The Shach<ref>Klalei Safek 110:21, Shach 111:4</ref> holds that when there is a chazaka of an isur we're strict about a safek derabbanan, while the Pri Chadash disagrees. Gilyon Hashas Brachot 12a explains that the Ri holds like the Shach. Rashba Niddah 61b s.v. ha clearly seems to side with the Pri Chadash who is lenient. See further in Yabia Omer YD 8:5 and Taharat Habayit v. 3 p. 11. Sidrei Tahara end of 199 cites Taz who is lenient. Rash Mikavot 2:2 implies that he's lenient. Shaar Hamelech Mikvaot 10:7 writes that the dispute in the Tosfot Pesachim 9a centers around whether you can have a safek derabbanan lkula if there was a chazaka of it being asur. How do we pasken on those answers? (See Gra YD 331:84 who says we’re lenient but Derech Emunah Maaser 3:63 disagrees.) Shach YD 110:21 is strict. Pri Chadash 110:34 and Taz 198:21 are lenient. Sidrei Tahara 199:40 and Taharat Habayit (v. 3, pp. 85-6) discuss this at length. Taz 69:24 is lenient and the Shaar Hamelech Mikvaot 10:7 disagrees. Meor Yisrael Pesachim 9a answers locally for the Taz but also that we’re lenient on every safek derabbanan where there’s a chezkat isur. Chida in Machzik Bracha 69:14 agrees. | ||
# If there was a piece of something rabbinically forbidden that was recognizable in its own place before it fell into a mixture then it isn't considered itchazek isura and we're lenient to apply ''safek derabbanan lkula''. If the pieces weren't recognizable when they fell into a mixture then it is considered itchazek isur and according to the Shach we don't apply ''safek derabbanan lkula''.<ref>Shach 111:4, Pri Megadim S"D 110:38</ref> | |||
==Safek Safeka== | ==Safek Safeka== | ||
# Some say that safek safeka is only permitted after the fact.<Ref> The Reem on Smag Megillah writes that safek safeka is only permitted after the fact. See Rosh Bechorot 9a</ref> Many others disagree.<ref> Rav Ovadia in Chazon Ovadia 1:202 citing Perach Shoshan EH 3:2, Kol Eliyahu YD 2:2, Rosh A"Z 2:35</ref> | # Some say that safek safeka is only permitted after the fact.<Ref> The Reem on Smag Megillah writes that safek safeka is only permitted after the fact. See Rosh Bechorot 9a</ref> Many others disagree.<ref> Rav Ovadia in Chazon Ovadia 1:202 citing Perach Shoshan EH 3:2, Kol Eliyahu YD 2:2, Rosh A"Z 2:35</ref> | ||
==Safek Echad Bguf Safek Echad Btarovet== | |||
# If there is a safek safeka that is built of one safek about the status of the item in question and one safek since it was lost in a mixture, many rishonim consider this an invalid safek safeka. Others consider an acceptable safek safeka. One example is a safek teref piece of meat that was mixed up with other pieces of kosher meat (when [[bitul]] wasn't relevant).<ref>Tosfot Beitzah 3b s.v. vacherot writes that Rabbenu Tam considers a safek safeka even if one safek is about the status of an item and one safek is about a tarovet. This is also the opinion of Tosfot Zevachim 71a and Riva in Shitah Mikubeset Zevachim 74a. However, the Ri cited by Tosfot disagrees that such a safek safeka is an invalid safek safeka. Rashba Beitzah 3a s.v. nitarva explains the opinion of the Ri; since the first safek is about the status of an item we determine that we are strict since it is a safek deoritta lchumra. Then we consider the second safek however at that time there's only one other safek. Rashba responsa 401 agrees with Rabbenu Tam.</ref> The halacha holds that it is an invalid safek safeka.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 110:9 holds it is an invalid safek safeka. Gra 110:10 writes that most poskim assume that it is an invalid safek safeka.</ref> | |||
#If it is a safek safeka with one safek that is about the status of the item potentially a dvar sheyesh lo matirin and one safek of the tarovet it is an invalid safek safeka.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 102:1. Shach 102:2 writes that everyone agrees for dvar sheyesh lo matirin one safek in the guf and one in the tarovet is forbidden.</ref> | |||
==Safek Safeka MShem Echad== | |||
# A safek safeka that both sefakot rely on the same leniency isn't a safek safeka and is termed safek safeka mshem echad.<ref>Tosfot Ketubot 9a</ref> If one of the sefakot permit more than the other it is a valid safek safeka.<ref>Shach Klalei Safek Safeka n. 12. His proof is Tosfot Avoda Zara 38b with regards to Stam Kli Eino Ben Yomo.</ref> | |||
==Safek Derabbanan Lkula - Safek Eched Deoritta Safek Eched Derabbanan== | ==Safek Derabbanan Lkula - Safek Eched Deoritta Safek Eched Derabbanan== | ||
# Rashba Brachot 31a cites a dispute regarding something which is a Biblically forbidden but there’s a doubt if it is forbidden and additionally another reason why it might not be a Biblical prohibition but would be a rabbinic one. Do we say safek safeka in such a case? | # Rashba Brachot 31a cites a dispute regarding something which is a Biblically forbidden but there’s a doubt if it is forbidden and additionally another reason why it might not be a Biblical prohibition but would be a rabbinic one. Do we say safek safeka in such a case? | ||
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==Safek Safeka with Chezkat Isur== | ==Safek Safeka with Chezkat Isur== | ||
# Some poskim disallow a safek safeka if it contradicts a chezkat isur,<ref>Shach 110:27, Taz 110:15</ref> while others permit it.<ref>Rama 110:9, Pri Chadash safek safeka 16. See Rashba teshuva 401</ref> Everyone agrees that a safek safek safeka works even if there's a chezkat isur.<ref>Shach 110:28</ref> | # Some poskim disallow a safek safeka if it contradicts a chezkat isur,<ref>Shach 110:27, Taz 110:15</ref> while others permit it.<ref>Rama 110:9, Pri Chadash safek safeka 16. See Rashba teshuva 401</ref> Everyone agrees that a safek safek safeka works even if there's a chezkat isur.<ref>Shach 110:28</ref> | ||
==Safek Safeka Lheter against a Safek Safeka Lisur== | |||
# If there are three safekot to permit something and only two to forbid it it is still considered a safek safeka and it is permitted.<ref>Rama 96:4 since it might not be cut with a non-kosher knife and the food might not be charif and the knife was eino ben yomo. The knife being eino ben yomo itself is a safek safeka. </ref> | |||
==Kavuah== | |||
# Many achronim are lenient on kavuah of a rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Pri Megadim S"D 110:38, Rav Poalim YD 1:28. Pri Megadim Mishmeret Shalom fnt. 152 cites that the Pri Chadash 339:1, Aruch Hashulchan 110:10, and Kahal Yehuda 110:3 are lenient and Yad Yehuda 110:47 is strict. It also references Maharsham CM 46, Bet Yitzchak (Shaar Kavuah 7), Taz 673:6, Aruch Hashulchan 453:9, Rabbi Akiva Eiger 112:1, and Chikrei Lev YD 1:105.</ref> | |||
==Rov of Poskim== | |||
# If poskim didn't argue face to face we don't consider them to be a majority that is effective in conclusively deciding a halacha.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=19319&pgnum=190 Get Pashut by Maharam Ben Chaviv at the end Klal 1], Minchat Chinuch 78:2. See Yabia Omer 2:12:3 and other places where rov poskim is certainly used as a factor in pesak though not as a definitive rov.</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Principles of Halacha]] | |||
