|
|
| Line 45: |
Line 45: |
| === Sefarim HaChitzonim (Masechet Semachot, Sofrim, and others) === | | === Sefarim HaChitzonim (Masechet Semachot, Sofrim, and others) === |
| # Tosafot in a number of places writes how with respect to some Halachot, they follow Sefarim Chitzonim, such as Masechet Semachot and Masechet Sofrim, which were compiled later on, against the Talmud. They're called Chitzonim, according to the Bach<ref>Bach Yoreh De'ah 178:2</ref> because they are external to the Gemara, or, according to the Chidah, because they're even further removed from the Baraitot, which are already "outside," as their name suggests.<ref>Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Sefarim HaChitzonim"</ref> Some say the Girsaot are also enigmatic.<ref>There's a debate if the Gemara quoting Baraitot that appear in Masechet Sofrim means the Gemara is quoting from Masechet Soferim or the other way around. Some say these Sefarim have no actual derashot, just asmachtot. Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 12) See Matnat Yado ad loc at length. See Ein Zocher (Samech 31), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 581:7), Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Soferim," Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 2:3.</ref> | | # Tosafot in a number of places writes how with respect to some Halachot, they follow Sefarim Chitzonim, such as Masechet Semachot and Masechet Sofrim, which were compiled later on, against the Talmud. They're called Chitzonim, according to the Bach<ref>Bach Yoreh De'ah 178:2</ref> because they are external to the Gemara, or, according to the Chidah, because they're even further removed from the Baraitot, which are already "outside," as their name suggests.<ref>Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Sefarim HaChitzonim"</ref> Some say the Girsaot are also enigmatic.<ref>There's a debate if the Gemara quoting Baraitot that appear in Masechet Sofrim means the Gemara is quoting from Masechet Soferim or the other way around. Some say these Sefarim have no actual derashot, just asmachtot. Yad Malachi (Klalei Shnei HaTalmudim 12) See Matnat Yado ad loc at length. See Ein Zocher (Samech 31), Birkei Yosef (Orach Chaim 581:7), Shem HaGedolim vol. 2 "Soferim," Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 2:3.</ref> |
|
| |
| ==Rashi==
| |
| === Fundamentals ===
| |
| # Rashi, colloquially known as "Kuntress,"<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 10)</ref> always takes the simplest Peshat of the Gemara, even if it's not in line with the accepted Halacha - even a Hava Amina rejected by the Gemara itself later on!<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 1), Chiddushei Rabbi Akiva Eiger Eruvin 47 and Yevamot 30b, Shu"t Rabbi Akiva Eiger Mahadurah Kamma 222:8. See Minchat Chinuch Mitzvah 116 and Tzitz Eliezer vol 8 Siman 32.</ref>
| |
| # Along the same lines and by no means in disparagement of Rashi, the Radbaz alerts us that Rashi is primarily a '''Mefaresh''', not a '''Posek''',<ref>Shu"t HaRadbaz (vol. 1 Siman 109, vol. 3 Siman 510, vol. 4 Siman 108/1180)</ref> so much so that he doesn't even register as a Shitah when deciding a Machloket between Rishonim, such as the Rosh and Rambam.<ref> Beit Yosef (Orach Chaim 10). See Matnat Yado ad loc for extensive citations.</ref>, though some disagree.<ref>Sheyarei Kenesset HaGedolah (Klalei HaPoskim 19). Regarding saying Kim Li KeRashi,
| |
| see Sdei Chemed Klalei HaPoskim 8:9</ref><ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rasi 2)</ref>
| |
| # In his inimitable and calculated pithiness, Rashi negates numerous difficulties with the understanding of the Gemara with just a few words. This is very much part of Rashi's claim to fame.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 4). See also Shem HaGedolim (Gedolim, Shin 35).</ref>
| |
| # Rashi made multiple editions of his commentaries, which accounts for the apparent contradictions.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafor 22)</ref>
| |
| # One cannot pose the tradition of the Geonim as a question on Rashi - "Gavra Agavra KaRamit?!"<ref>Kenesset HaGedolah (Yoreh Deah 124 Hagahot Beit Yosef 104, Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 3)</ref>
| |
| # Whenever Rashi uses the words כלומר he is offering that particular interpretation where one would have been able to offer an alternative one.<ref>Pri Toar Yoreh Deah 21:2, Matnat Yado on Yad Malachi Klalei HaRif fn. 104</ref>
| |
| # When Tosafot attacks Rashi with a series of difficulties from later Masechtot, one could argue Rashi assumes the Gemara at this point isn't working with them in mind.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Tosafot 9)</ref>
| |
|
| |
| === Works Not by Rashi ===
| |
| # The commentary on Divrei HaYamim is not by Rashi.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 7)</ref>
| |
| # The commentaries on the side of the Gemara where Rashi should be on Masechtot Meilah, Nazir, and Nedarim, are not by Rashi.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 7). See Matnat Yado ad loc who quotes some who say that the commentary on Nedarim is Rashi until Daf 22, and then substituted with Rabbeinu Gershom Meor HaGolah for the remainder of the Masechet and the Netziv (Ha'Emek She'elah She'elta 166) who holds that the commentary was written by the Rivan.</ref>
| |
| # There is a debate among Acharonim if the commentary of Rashi on Masechet Ta'anit is authentic or not; it seems that many Acharonim assume that it indeed is by Rashi.<ref>Matnat Yadot (Klalei Rashi fn. 20) quotes the Maharatz Chayut (beginning and end of Taanit) who says it's not Rashi, but the Chidah says the large number of printing errors are misleading.</ref>
| |
| # The commentary Rashi on the Rif was compiled by a later student based heavily on Rashi.<ref>Yad Malachi (Klalei Rashi 5), Elyah Rabbah (Orach Chaim 540:8). See Maamar Mordechai 557 at the beginning who thinks it may have been R' Yehoshua Boaz. See also Maadanei Yom Tov (Berachot 8 at the end), Shem HaGedolim (Gedolim, Shin 35), Birkei Yosef Orach Chaim 15, Sdei Chemed (Klalei HaPoskim 8:7), and [http://www.otzar.org/wotzar/book.aspx?108106&pageid=P0108 Rav Avraham Havatzelet's article in Moriah (19:1/2, pages 106-116)] at length.</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Tosafot== | | ==Tosafot== |
