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Kitniyot: Difference between revisions
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Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during Pesach. | Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during [[Pesach]]. | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on Pesach, however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot. <ref>The S"A 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Mordechai Masechet Pesachim 2:588, Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Elya Rabba | # The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on Pesach, however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot. <ref>The S"A 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Mordechai Masechet Pesachim 2:588, Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Elya Rabba | ||
453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur S:A, Daat Torah page 119. see also Yechaveh Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah. </ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on Pesach.<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref> | 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur S:A, Daat Torah page 119. see also Yechaveh Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah. </ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref> | ||
# Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on Pesach. <ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechaveh Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref> | # Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. <ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechaveh Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref> | ||
==Which foods are Kitniyot?== | ==Which foods are Kitniyot?== | ||
# The earlier Poskim mention that rice, buckwheat/kasha, millet, beans, lentils, peas, sesame seeds and mustard are included in the minhag <ref> Beis Yosef O.C. 453, Rema 453:1 & 464:1 and Mishnah Berurah 453:4, 7 & 11 </ref> | # The earlier Poskim mention that rice, buckwheat/kasha, millet, beans, lentils, peas, sesame seeds and mustard are included in the minhag <ref> Beis Yosef O.C. 453, Rema 453:1 & 464:1 and Mishnah Berurah 453:4, 7 & 11 </ref> | ||
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# On the other hand, potatoes (see below), coffee, tea, garlic, nuts, radishes and olives and not treated as kitnios <ref> Sha’arei Teshuvah 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:7. Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 464:1 writes that he doesn't understand why some people don't eat garlic on [[Pesach]] but nevertheless one should be stringent. </ref> | # On the other hand, potatoes (see below), coffee, tea, garlic, nuts, radishes and olives and not treated as kitnios <ref> Sha’arei Teshuvah 453:1, Chayei Adam 127:7. Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 464:1 writes that he doesn't understand why some people don't eat garlic on [[Pesach]] but nevertheless one should be stringent. </ref> | ||
===Quinoa=== | ===Quinoa=== | ||
# Some say that quinoa is kitniyot, however, if there's a medical issue one may be lenient to use it on Pesach. <ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/community_services/video/67558 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5769] between minutes 23 and 24 and on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 101:30 and 103:30. Rav Moshe Feinstein did not advocate abandoning the custom, but he opposed the tendency to expand the list of forbidden kitniyot (see Igrot Moshe, Orah Hayyim 3. 63).</ref> | # Some say that quinoa is kitniyot, however, if there's a medical issue one may be lenient to use it on [[Pesach]]. <ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/community_services/video/67558 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5769] between minutes 23 and 24 and on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 101:30 and 103:30. Rav Moshe Feinstein did not advocate abandoning the custom, but he opposed the tendency to expand the list of forbidden kitniyot (see Igrot Moshe, Orah Hayyim 3. 63).</ref> | ||
== Reason for prohibition == | == Reason for prohibition == | ||
*From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice. <ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of matza on Pesach with matza made from the five grains. The gemara explains that since the Torah contrasts Matza and chametz, anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for matza, which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on Pesach. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and S"A 453:1 codify this gemara. See Bet Yosef 453:1 for more background of this issue.</ref> | *From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice. <ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of matza on Pesach with matza made from the five grains. The gemara explains that since the Torah contrasts Matza and chametz, anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for matza, which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on [[Pesach]]. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and S"A 453:1 codify this gemara. See Bet Yosef 453:1 for more background of this issue.</ref> | ||
*The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products. For example, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot was prohibited. | *The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products. For example, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot was prohibited. | ||
*The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz. | *The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz. | ||
