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Kitniyot: Difference between revisions
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Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during [[Pesach]].<ref> | Kitniyot are a category of foods which Ashkenazi Jews refrain from eating during [[Pesach]].<ref> | ||
* Background: The Gemara Pesachim (35a) writes that Chametz includes foods made with the five grains. See the [[Wheat and Grain Products]] page about the precise definition of the five grains. The says that orez and dochen (Tosfot [[Brachot]] 37a translates rice and millet) are not chametz since when used to produce bread doesn't ferment. The Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 5:1) rules that there's no issue of chametz with grains other than the five grains, such as rice, millet, or beans. Furthermore, says the Rambam, even if one were to mix those grains with hot water and make dough that rises, it is permitted since that's considered rotting and not positive fermentation. | * Background: The Gemara Pesachim (35a) writes that Chametz includes foods made with the five grains. See the [[Wheat and Grain Products]] page about the precise definition of the five grains. The says that orez and dochen (Tosfot [[Brachot]] 37a translates rice and millet) are not chametz since when used to produce bread doesn't ferment. The Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 5:1) rules that there's no issue of chametz with grains other than the five grains, such as rice, millet, or beans. Furthermore, says the Rambam, even if one were to mix those grains with hot water and make dough that rises, it is permitted since that's considered rotting and not positive fermentation. | ||
* The Tur 453:1 writes that the minhag of his location was not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. The Rabbenu Yerucham (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1), Rabbenu Yechiel (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1), and | * The Tur 453:1 writes that the minhag of his location was not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. The Rabbenu Yerucham (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1), Rabbenu Yechiel (cited by Beit Yosef 453:1), and Shulchan Aruch 453:1 agree. | ||
* The Smak (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1) explains that the minhag not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] is concerned that perhaps a person will be confused between a bread or cooked dish made from kitniyot and one made from the five grains. Additionally, kitniyot flour sometimes has flour of the five grains mixed in. The Darkei Moshe 453:1, codified in the Rama 453:1, writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] and one shouldn't deviate from the minhag.</ref> | * The Smak (cited by the Beit Yosef 453:1) explains that the minhag not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] is concerned that perhaps a person will be confused between a bread or cooked dish made from kitniyot and one made from the five grains. Additionally, kitniyot flour sometimes has flour of the five grains mixed in. The Darkei Moshe 453:1, codified in the Rama 453:1, writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to not to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]] and one shouldn't deviate from the minhag.</ref> | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]], however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot. <ref>The | # The Ashkenazic minhag is to avoid eating Kitniyot on [[Pesach]], however, even Ashkenazim hold that one does not have to burn or sell one's Kitniyot. <ref>The Shulchan Aruch 453:1 writes that it is permitted to eat a cooked dish made out of Kitniyot. The Rama 453:1 writes that the minhag Ashkenaz was to forbid and one shouldn't change this minhag. This is quoted by ashkenazic poskim including Chayei Adam 127:1, Aruch Hashulchan 453:4, Mordechai Masechet Pesachim 2:588, Darchei Moshe 453:2, Levush 453:1, Elya Rabba | ||
453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur S:A, Daat Torah page 119. see also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah. </ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref> | 453:3, Prisha 453:3, Kitzur S:A, Daat Torah page 119. see also Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32 as well as Kaf Hachaim 453:11. Aruch Hashulchan 453:4 says that being lenient in this minhag is testimony that one does not fear Hashem or fear sin, and does not understand the ways of torah. </ref> One is permitted to keep Kitniyot in one's home on [[Pesach]].<ref> Rama 453:1 </ref> | ||
# Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. <ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref> | # Although some sephardic poskim say that it is preferable not to eat kitniyot, the custom among Sephardim is to eat kitniyot on [[Pesach]]. <ref> Rav Pealim 3:30, Yechave Daat 1:9 and 5:32. </ref> | ||
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== Reason for prohibition == | == Reason for prohibition == | ||
*From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice. <ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of [[matza]] on [[Pesach]] with [[matza]] made from the five grains. The gemara explains that since the Torah contrasts [[Matza]] and chametz, anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for [[matza]], which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on [[Pesach]]. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and | *From the Torah, only the five grains can become chametz and not legumes or rice. <ref>The Gemara (Pesachim 35a) states that one may only fulfill one's obligation of [[matza]] on [[Pesach]] with [[matza]] made from the five grains. The gemara explains that since the Torah contrasts [[Matza]] and chametz, anything which could ferment and become chametz may be used for [[matza]], which is only the five grains and not rice or millet. See Pesachim 114b for a proof that the Amoraim ate rice on [[Pesach]]. The Rambam (Chametz UMatza 5:1) and Shulchan Aruch 453:1 codify this gemara. See Bet Yosef 453:1 for more background of this issue.</ref> | ||
*The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products. For example, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot was prohibited. | *The Smak (Rabbi Yitzchak of Korbol) explains that products of kitniyot appear like chametz products. For example, it can be hard to distinguish between rice flour (kitniyot) and wheat flour (chametz). Therefore, to prevent confusion, all kitniyot was prohibited. | ||
*The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz. | *The Beit Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Karo, 16th century, Israel) notes that since regular grains may become mixed together with kitniyot (apparently due to changes in crop cycles), one may inadvertently come to eat actual chametz. | ||
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# It is permitted even for Ashkenazim to eat Kosher for [[Pesach]] foods that were made in pots that were used for [[cooking]] kitniyot if it wasn't used within 24 hours. Some say that it is permitted even if it was used within 24 hours. <ref>Based on the Mishna Brurah 453:9 who says that kitniyot is nullified with a majority, the Yachava Daat 5:32 writes that vessels in which kitniyot was cooked are permitted for Ashkenazim even within 24 hours. Az Nedberu 8:20:4 and Banim Chavivim ([[Siman 17]], p. 415-9) agree. Az Nedberu 8:20:4 writes that an Ashkenazi shouldn't avoid [[lending]] his pots to a Sephardi on [[Pesach]]. | # It is permitted even for Ashkenazim to eat Kosher for [[Pesach]] foods that were made in pots that were used for [[cooking]] kitniyot if it wasn't used within 24 hours. Some say that it is permitted even if it was used within 24 hours. <ref>Based on the Mishna Brurah 453:9 who says that kitniyot is nullified with a majority, the Yachava Daat 5:32 writes that vessels in which kitniyot was cooked are permitted for Ashkenazim even within 24 hours. Az Nedberu 8:20:4 and Banim Chavivim ([[Siman 17]], p. 415-9) agree. Az Nedberu 8:20:4 writes that an Ashkenazi shouldn't avoid [[lending]] his pots to a Sephardi on [[Pesach]]. | ||
[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/788095/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Bishul_Akum# Rabbi Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org] (min 37-40) explains that something that is only forbidden because of a minhag, there's no rabbinic prohibition of not using a pot after 24 hours, therefore if one cooked kitniyot in a pot one may use it after 24 hours has passed.</ref> | [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/788095/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Bishul_Akum# Rabbi Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org] (min 37-40) explains that something that is only forbidden because of a minhag, there's no rabbinic prohibition of not using a pot after 24 hours, therefore if one cooked kitniyot in a pot one may use it after 24 hours has passed.</ref> | ||
# Kitnios is batel b’rov, which means that if someone accidentally put kitnios into their [[Pesach]] food, the food is b’dieved permitted assuming the food contains more non-kitnios than kitnios <ref> Rema 453:1 as per Mishna Brurah 453:9, Pri Chadash 453:1, Elya Rabbah 453:4, | # Kitnios is batel b’rov, which means that if someone accidentally put kitnios into their [[Pesach]] food, the food is b’dieved permitted assuming the food contains more non-kitnios than kitnios <ref> Rema 453:1 as per Mishna Brurah 453:9, Pri Chadash 453:1, Elya Rabbah 453:4, Shulchan Aruch Harav 453:5, Chayei Adam 127:1, Az Nedberu 8:20:4. </ref>. This means that although the food may have a pronounced taste of kitnios, the food is permitted (unless there are recognizable pieces of kitnios which haven’t been removed). Therefore, if a beverage is sweetened with aspartame made of kitnios shenishtaneh, even those people who hold that aspartame is forbidden (as explained above) may drink the beverage because the aspartame is batel b’rov in the other ingredients. Similarly, we have seen that there is a disagreement as to whether fenugreek is kitnios. Nonetheless, even those who follow the strict approach may consume maple syrup which is flavored with fenugreek (as it often is) because it is batel b’rov. Thus, although we’ve seen a number of disagreements as to whether certain foods are or aren’t kitnios, those disagreements are limited to one who wants to consume the actual item (or a hashgachah certifying someone else who is intentionally putting the ingredient into a food), but these disagreements rarely affect consumers. <ref> http://www.kashrut.com/Passover/Kitniyot/</ref> | ||
# Some say that new tablecloths which may have been ironed with clothing starch, which could be made from Kitniyot, should be laundered in hot water in order to remove the starch. <ref>Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 77:17)</ref> | # Some say that new tablecloths which may have been ironed with clothing starch, which could be made from Kitniyot, should be laundered in hot water in order to remove the starch. <ref>Nitei Gavriel ([[Pesach]] 77:17)</ref> | ||
# Some poskim say that if a sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]]. <ref> Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref> | # Some poskim say that if a sephardi wants to eat kitniyot but his custom earlier was not to then he should perform a [[hatarat nedarim]]. <ref> Haggadah of Rav Elyashiv page 12 </ref> | ||
