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Kippah: Difference between revisions
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* The Gemara Kedushin 31a records Rabbi Yehoshua’s practice not to walk 4 [[Amot]] without a head covering so that he would be reminded of Shechina that’s above him. [[Shabbat]] 156b writes that Rav Nachman’s mother was careful that her son always wore a head covering so that he is always cognizant of the fear of Heaven. | * The Gemara Kedushin 31a records Rabbi Yehoshua’s practice not to walk 4 [[Amot]] without a head covering so that he would be reminded of Shechina that’s above him. [[Shabbat]] 156b writes that Rav Nachman’s mother was careful that her son always wore a head covering so that he is always cognizant of the fear of Heaven. | ||
* There is a long standing dispute whether there is an obligation or it’s only a Midat Chasidut. The Zohar (Pinchas pg 245b, Naso pg 122b) implies that it’s an obligation for a Talmid Chacham but for everyone else it is only a Midat Chasidut to wear it. Rambam (Deot 5:6; Moreh Nevuchim 3:52), Kol Bo 11, Orchot Chaim (Tefiliah 48), and Tashbetz 547 quoting the Maharam imply that it’s only a Midat Chasidut for a non-Talmid Chacham. However, Sefer Manhig (Tefilah 49), Kitzur Piskei HaRosh (first perek of Kedushin), and Sh”t Mahari MeBruna 34, 165 write that it’s a obligation on every Jew to wear. | * There is a long standing dispute whether there is an obligation or it’s only a Midat Chasidut. The Zohar (Pinchas pg 245b, Naso pg 122b) implies that it’s an obligation for a Talmid Chacham but for everyone else it is only a Midat Chasidut to wear it. Rambam (Deot 5:6; Moreh Nevuchim 3:52), Kol Bo 11, Orchot Chaim (Tefiliah 48), and Tashbetz 547 quoting the Maharam imply that it’s only a Midat Chasidut for a non-Talmid Chacham. However, Sefer Manhig (Tefilah 49), Kitzur Piskei HaRosh (first perek of Kedushin), and Sh”t Mahari MeBruna 34, 165 write that it’s a obligation on every Jew to wear. | ||
* S”A 2:6 writes "It’s forbidden to walk with an arrogant posture and one shouldn’t walk 4 [[Amot]] without a head covering". The language of | * S”A 2:6 writes "It’s forbidden to walk with an arrogant posture and one shouldn’t walk 4 [[Amot]] without a head covering". The language of Shulchan Aruch implies that wearing a Kippah is only a Midat Chasidut. See also Bet Yosef (Siman 8, 46, and 91). Many poskim agree that it is only a Midat Chasidut including the Darkei Moshe (2:3 and 8:4), Maharshal 72, Birkei Yosef 2:2, Magan Avraham 91:3, Buir HaGra 8:6, and Maamer Mordechai (2 and 91:5). | ||
* However, the Taz 8:3 writes that it’s forbidden not to wear a Kippah because of [[Chukat Akum]]. (Even according to this opinion one can be lenient if one has a reason to take off the Kippah as per Bet Yosef Y”D 178 and Rama against the Gra who forbids Chukot HaGoyim even if there is a reason to take it off.) Pri Megadim A”A 2:6 and Sh”t Elef Lecha Shlomo O”C 3 differentiate between a complete head covering which is a Midat Chasidut and a partial head covering which is an obligation. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1 argues on this distinction and adds that perhaps one can make such a distinction within the opinion of the Taz. Rabbi Shalom Mashash in Shemesh U'Magen 2:58 writes that when walking outdoors or in a shul it is obligatory. Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 1:4, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:15 (4-5), Sh”t Yachave Daat 4:1, and Yalkut Yosef 1:7 write that even if the halacha is that it is only a Midat Chasidut, nowadays, since wearing the Kippah is a symbol of a religious Jew, wearing a Kippah is somewhat more obligatory than a Midat Chasidut because there is a concern of [[Marit Ayin]] (suspicion) if one is seen without a Kippah. </ref> | * However, the Taz 8:3 writes that it’s forbidden not to wear a Kippah because of [[Chukat Akum]]. (Even according to this opinion one can be lenient if one has a reason to take off the Kippah as per Bet Yosef Y”D 178 and Rama against the Gra who forbids Chukot HaGoyim even if there is a reason to take it off.) Pri Megadim A”A 2:6 and Sh”t Elef Lecha Shlomo O”C 3 differentiate between a complete head covering which is a Midat Chasidut and a partial head covering which is an obligation. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1 argues on this distinction and adds that perhaps one can make such a distinction within the opinion of the Taz. Rabbi Shalom Mashash in Shemesh U'Magen 2:58 writes that when walking outdoors or in a shul it is obligatory. Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 1:4, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:15 (4-5), Sh”t Yachave Daat 4:1, and Yalkut Yosef 1:7 write that even if the halacha is that it is only a Midat Chasidut, nowadays, since wearing the Kippah is a symbol of a religious Jew, wearing a Kippah is somewhat more obligatory than a Midat Chasidut because there is a concern of [[Marit Ayin]] (suspicion) if one is seen without a Kippah. </ref> | ||
# It is a proper and praiseworthy practice to wear a Kippah even when one walks less than 4 [[Amot]] <ref> Sh”t Mahari MeBruna 34 permits if one walks less than 4 [[Amot]]. However the Bach 2 implies from Rambam (Deot 5:6; More Nevuchim 3:52) that less than 4 [[Amot]] is also forbidden. Taz 8:3, Bchor Shor ([[Shabbat]] 118b), and Birkei Yosef 2:3 concur. Magan Avraham 2:6 writes that it’s only a Midat Chasidut to wear it for walking less than 4 [[Amot]]. </ref> or one stands or sits for the time it takes to walk 4 [[Amot]] <ref> Sh”T Mahari MeBruna 34 permits if one is just sitting and Magan Avraham 282:8 permits whether one is sitting or standing. Bechor Shor ([[Shabbat]] 118b), Birkei Yosef 2:3, Halacha Brurah 2:11 are strict as long as one waits the time it takes to walk 4 [[Amot]]. </ref>, whether one is outside or indoors. <ref> Sh”t Maharshal 72 permits one not to wear a Kippah indoors. Knesset Hagedolah 2, Bear Heteiv 2:5, and Olat Tamid 2:5 quote the Maharshal. However, the Bach 2 argues on this distinction. Eliyah Rabba 2:4, Mishna Brurah 2:10, and Halacha Brurah 2:11 concur. </ref> | # It is a proper and praiseworthy practice to wear a Kippah even when one walks less than 4 [[Amot]] <ref> Sh”t Mahari MeBruna 34 permits if one walks less than 4 [[Amot]]. However the Bach 2 implies from Rambam (Deot 5:6; More Nevuchim 3:52) that less than 4 [[Amot]] is also forbidden. Taz 8:3, Bchor Shor ([[Shabbat]] 118b), and Birkei Yosef 2:3 concur. Magan Avraham 2:6 writes that it’s only a Midat Chasidut to wear it for walking less than 4 [[Amot]]. </ref> or one stands or sits for the time it takes to walk 4 [[Amot]] <ref> Sh”T Mahari MeBruna 34 permits if one is just sitting and Magan Avraham 282:8 permits whether one is sitting or standing. Bechor Shor ([[Shabbat]] 118b), Birkei Yosef 2:3, Halacha Brurah 2:11 are strict as long as one waits the time it takes to walk 4 [[Amot]]. </ref>, whether one is outside or indoors. <ref> Sh”t Maharshal 72 permits one not to wear a Kippah indoors. Knesset Hagedolah 2, Bear Heteiv 2:5, and Olat Tamid 2:5 quote the Maharshal. However, the Bach 2 argues on this distinction. Eliyah Rabba 2:4, Mishna Brurah 2:10, and Halacha Brurah 2:11 concur. </ref> | ||
