Kiddush: Difference between revisions

Before eating on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]], '''Kiddush''' is made over a cup of preferably wine.

==Obligation==

# Some authorities hold that the Biblical obligation is discharged with the prayer in Shul and the Kiddish at home is entirely Derabbanan. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:1 writes that since the Rambam and Tosfot hold that the Deorittah part of Kiddish is that it is stated orally, one should be able to fulfill this obligation with one's Arvit prayer in Shul. This is quoted as halacha by the Bear Hetiev 271:2. However, there is a great discussion in the achronim and many argue on the Magan Avraham including. Mishna Brurah 271:2 (based on the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:3) argues that since one doesn't have intention to fulfill the obligation of Zachor, the prayer in shul doesn't fulfill the obligation of Kiddish. There is a dispute whether a women's lighting [[Shabbat]] candles can fulfill Kiddish Deoritta, Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 7:37 holding that it can fulfill the Deoritta obligation, while Sh"t Az Nidabru 12:1 strongly disagrees. </ref>

# In order to fulfill this obligation, one should drink most of a cup that contains at least a [[reviit]]. <ref> S"A 272:13. For how much a reviit is see [[Reviit]]. Mishna Brurah 272:30 rules that the obligation to have most of a reviit applies regardless of which drink you use for kiddush. Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank in Har Tzvi 1:159 says that since the Taz (210:1) holds that one would be obligated to say a beracha acharona on less than a reviit of liquor because less than that already is considered to be significant enough for a beracha acharona, the same would apply for how much you need to drink for kiddish. Mishna Berura 190:14 disagrees about the beracha acharona as well, quoting the Magen Avraham 190. </ref>

* (3) Practices: Therefore, S"A 271:10 rules that one should stand for Vayichulu implying that one should sit for the rest of Kiddish. However, Arizal (quoted by Aruch HaShulchan 271:21) held one should stand for Kiddish out of respect for the [[Shabbat]] queen (similar to the reason Ashkenazim stand for Havdalah, see Mishna Brurah 296:27). Lastly, Rama 271:10 writes that one is permitted to stand for the entire Kiddish, but it's preferable to sit for Kiddish.  Sh"t Igrot Moshe 5:16 writes that even the Rama only writes that it's permissible to stand for Kiddish but preferably one should sit, and so if one doesn't have a custom one should follow the S"A. </ref> Nonetheless, one should stand for Vayichulu. <ref> S"A 271:10 rules that one should stand for Vayichulu. Mishna Brurah 271:45 explains that the one should stand for Vayichulu because it acts as a testimony which in court would require one to stand. Rama 271:10 writes that the Minhag was to sit for Vayichulu except for the beginning of Vayichulu (during the words of Yom HaShishi Vayichulu HaShamayim because the first letter of those words spell Hashem's name). Mishna Brurah 271:47 explains that one can sit for Vayichulu because once one stood while it's said in Shul it can be said seated during Kiddish. Nonetheless, Mishna Brurah 268:19 writes that the minhag is like S"A to stand for Vayichulu. See further Rabbi Lebowitz's article on [download.yutorah.org/2009/1109/735392.pdf yutorah.org].</ref>

# For [[Shabbat]] day, the accepted custom is to sit. <ref> Rav Moshe Shternbuch (Teshuvot V’hanhagot #254) writes that even those who stand for Friday night Kiddish should sit for [[Shabbat]] day Kiddish because the reason of standing for Vayichulu and continuing doesn't apply as there is no Vayichulu, nor is there a [[Shabbat]] queen to greet. </ref>

==If there is no wine or grape juice==