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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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# The text of Kiddish includes Yom HaShishi, which are pesukim describing Shabbat, and two Brachot, Borei Peri HaGafen, and Mekadesh HaShabbat. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:7) writes that the order of Kiddish is Vayichulu (which are pesukim said based on Minhag), the Borei Pri Hagefen and then Mikdash HaShabbat (the text of which can be found in Rambam 29:2). </ref> | # The text of Kiddish includes Yom HaShishi, which are pesukim describing Shabbat, and two Brachot, Borei Peri HaGafen, and Mekadesh HaShabbat. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:7) writes that the order of Kiddish is Vayichulu (which are pesukim said based on Minhag), the Borei Pri Hagefen and then Mikdash HaShabbat (the text of which can be found in Rambam 29:2). </ref> | ||
==Kiddish | ==Kiddish of the day== | ||
# The text of Kiddish during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. <ref> Pesachim 106a writes that the primary Kiddish is at night but there's also a Kiddish of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of Kiddish during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a Kiddish is just Borei Pri HaGefen. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule this as halacha. </ref> | # The text of Kiddish during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. <ref> Pesachim 106a writes that the primary Kiddish is at night but there's also a Kiddish of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of Kiddish during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a Kiddish is just Borei Pri HaGefen. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule this as halacha. </ref> | ||
# It's forbidden to taste anything before Kiddish. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make Kiddish it's forbidden to eat anything before Kiddish just like the Kiddish of Friday night. </ref> | # It's forbidden to taste anything before Kiddish. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make Kiddish it's forbidden to eat anything before Kiddish just like the Kiddish of Friday night. </ref> | ||
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==Eating before Kiddish== | ==Eating before Kiddish== | ||
# It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba forbid. Hagot Maimon in name of Maharam and the Tur also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making Kiddish once the time for Kiddish has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before Kiddish can still make Kiddish. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before Kiddish. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. </ref> | # It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba forbid. Hagot Maimon in name of Maharam and the Tur also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making Kiddish once the time for Kiddish has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before Kiddish can still make Kiddish. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before Kiddish. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. </ref> | ||
# If one takes Shabbat upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Mishna | # If one takes Shabbat upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish if one accepted Shabbat early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept Shabbat early, make Kiddish, and eat even before praying Arvit as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say Arvit. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept Shabbat early, and then make Kiddish to permit eating, all before praying Arvit. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before Arvit. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't pray or take Shabbat upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from Ben HaShemashot. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at Ben HaShemashot. </ref> | # If one doesn't pray or take Shabbat upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from Ben HaShemashot. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at Ben HaShemashot. </ref> | ||
# Rinsing out one's mouth is permitted since one doesn't intend to get benefit from the water. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that rinsing out one's mouth is permitted as it isn't called drinking. So rule the Bear Hetiev 271:4. Mishna Brurah. However, Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 is more stringent and only permits if one was fasting and only during Ben HaShemashot. </ref> | |||
== Timing== | == Timing== | ||
#Ideally, one should say Kiddush as soon as one gets home from Shul on Friday night.<ref> Pesachim 106a learns that the primary way to do Kiddish, a remembrance of Shabbat is with wine on Friday night because that's the beginning of the day (in the Jewish calendar). Shulchan Aruch, O”C 271:1 </ref> | #Ideally, one should say Kiddush as soon as one gets home from Shul on Friday night.<ref> Pesachim 106a learns that the primary way to do Kiddish, a remembrance of Shabbat is with wine on Friday night because that's the beginning of the day (in the Jewish calendar). Shulchan Aruch, O”C 271:1 </ref> | ||
#One can say Kiddish before nightfall if one accepts upon oneself Shabbat early. <ref> Magan Avraham writes that Kiddish can be made during the day if one accepts upon oneself Shabbat early. So rule the achronim including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:2 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 concur. </ref> | |||
#If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during Shabbat day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on Shabbat day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying Kiddish on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of Shabbat. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make Kiddish the next day. Additionally, the Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the Kiddish is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of Shabbat. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot Shabbat 29:4).] </ref> | #If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during Shabbat day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on Shabbat day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying Kiddish on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of Shabbat. Rambam (Hilchot Shabbat 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make Kiddish the next day. Additionally, the Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the Kiddish is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of Shabbat. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot Shabbat 29:4).] </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say Kiddish on Friday night and only remembered during Ben HaShemashot of Saturday, one should say Kiddish then without Shem UMalchut. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 19 writes that one could argue that since according to the Magan Avraham, once one prayed on Shabbat the obligation of Kiddish is only Derabbanan and in a case of doubt such as Ben HaShemashot, we should apply the rule of Safek Derabbanan Lekula. However, the Ben Ish Chai rejects such an argument because there are those who limit the Magan Avraham to a case when one doesn't have wine or one had Kavana to fulfill one's obligation. </ref> | # If one forgot to say Kiddish on Friday night and only remembered during Ben HaShemashot of Saturday, one should say Kiddish then without Shem UMalchut. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 19 writes that one could argue that since according to the Magan Avraham, once one prayed on Shabbat the obligation of Kiddish is only Derabbanan and in a case of doubt such as Ben HaShemashot, we should apply the rule of Safek Derabbanan Lekula. However, the Ben Ish Chai rejects such an argument because there are those who limit the Magan Avraham to a case when one doesn't have wine or one had Kavana to fulfill one's obligation. </ref> | ||
