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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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==Kiddish in Shul== | ==Kiddish in Shul== | ||
# In the days of the gemara, the Rabbis instituted a Kiddish in shul for the travelers who would eat and drink in the Shul. | # In the days of the gemara, the Rabbis instituted a Kiddish in shul for the travelers who would eat and drink in the Shul. Nowadays, when guests don't eat thier meals in shul, some say that its proper not to say Kiddush in shul, while others uphold this minhag to say Kiddush in shul on Friday night. <ref>The Tur 269 writes that saying Kiddush in shul was only established in order to fulfill the obligation of Kiddush for the guests who would eat their meal in shul. He says that nowadays that guests don't eat their meal in shul one shouldn't say Kiddush in shul. The Bet Yosef 269 quotes the Rabbenu Yonah, Ran, and Rashba who defend this practice of saying Kiddush in shul even if guests don't even their meal in shul. Nonetheless, the Bet Yosef writes that the more proper minhag is not to say Kiddush in Shul. S”A 269 rules that some have this practice to say Kiddush in shul, but its better not to. Mishna Brurah 269:5 writes that the common minhag is to say Kiddush in shul and one shouldn't uproot it. Yalkut Yosef 269:2 writes that if there are some in shul who will not say Kiddush at their homes at all it is not just justified but even encouraged to say Kiddush in shul. </ref> | ||
# This minhag applies to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] | # This minhag applies to [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] except for the first day of [[Yom Tov]] of [[Pesach]] (and second in Chutz LaAretz). <ref>Mishna Brurah 269:5, BeYitchak Yikra adds second day in chutz learetz </ref> | ||
# The one making Kiddish in shul shouldn't drink from the wine but rather give it to children to drink. Some say that the children should be below the age of chinuch (6 or 7) while others say that it's better to give it a child above that age. If | # The one making Kiddish in shul shouldn't drink from the wine but rather give it to children to drink. Some say that the children should be below the age of chinuch (6 or 7) while others say that it's better to give it a child above that age. If its not possible to find a child to drink the wine, an adult should drink it but should make sure to drink a Reviyit or more, say a Bracha Achrona, and have intent to fulfill the mitzvah of kiddish. <Ref>S”A 269, Mishna Brurah 269:1, Yalkut Yosef 269:2</ref> | ||
# The minhag is to stand for | # The minhag is to stand for kiddish in shul. <ref> Rama 269:1 </ref> | ||
==Kiddish at night== | ==Kiddish at night== | ||
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# The text of Kiddish during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. <ref> Pesachim 106a writes that the primary Kiddish is at night but there's also a Kiddish of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of Kiddish during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a Kiddish is just Borei Pri HaGefen. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule this as halacha. </ref> However, many have the minhag to say Pesukim before saying the Bracha. Some say two paragraphs<ref> Siddur </ref>, "Veshamaroo" and "Zachor" and others have the minhag to add another paragraph before these starting with "Im tashiv Mishabbos Raglecha" which are the Pesukim in Yeshaya which inlude the Pasuk from which the obligation of making Kiddush is derived. Many skip to the last sentence of "Zachor" starting with "Al cen berach" before saying the bracha on the wine. | # The text of Kiddish during the day is just Borei Pri Hagefen. <ref> Pesachim 106a writes that the primary Kiddish is at night but there's also a Kiddish of the day. Even though it seems to be Deorittah as the gemara learns it from a pasuk, the Rishonim agree that the pasuk is only an asmachta (Ravad and Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10), quoted by Bear Heitiv 289:2) and the obligation of Kiddish during the day is only Rabbinic. The gemara concludes that the text of such a Kiddish is just Borei Pri HaGefen. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule this as halacha. </ref> However, many have the minhag to say Pesukim before saying the Bracha. Some say two paragraphs<ref> Siddur </ref>, "Veshamaroo" and "Zachor" and others have the minhag to add another paragraph before these starting with "Im tashiv Mishabbos Raglecha" which are the Pesukim in Yeshaya which inlude the Pasuk from which the obligation of making Kiddush is derived. Many skip to the last sentence of "Zachor" starting with "Al cen berach" before saying the bracha on the wine. | ||
# It's forbidden to taste anything before Kiddish. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make Kiddish it's forbidden to eat anything before Kiddish just like the Kiddish of Friday night. </ref> | # It's forbidden to taste anything before Kiddish. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and S"A 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make Kiddish it's forbidden to eat anything before Kiddish just like the Kiddish of Friday night. </ref> | ||
# It's permissible to drink water before Shacharit on [[Shabbat]] day since the obligation of Kiddish doesn't apply until one prayed. <ref> Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and S"A 289:1 </ref> | # It's permissible to drink water before [[Shacharit]] on [[Shabbat]] day since the obligation of Kiddish doesn't apply until one prayed. <ref> Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and S"A 289:1 </ref> | ||
==Eating before Mussaf== | ==Eating before Mussaf== | ||
