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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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==Eating before Kiddish== | ==Eating before Kiddish== | ||
# Kiddush has to be made before eating/drinking because the Pasuk says "VeKarasa LiShabbos Oneg" <ref> Isiah </ref> "And you shall call to the Shabbos a delight", which the Rabbanan learn to mean that there has to be a "calling" to the Shabbos, meaning saying Kiddush, prior to it being "a delight", refering to eating/drinking. <ref> Tosfot and Rosh Pesachim 110a</ref> | # Kiddush has to be made before eating/drinking because the Pasuk says "VeKarasa LiShabbos Oneg" <ref> Isiah </ref> "And you shall call to the Shabbos a delight", which the Rabbanan learn to mean that there has to be a "calling" to the Shabbos, meaning saying Kiddush, prior to it being "a delight", refering to eating/drinking. <ref> Tosfot and Rosh Pesachim 110a</ref> | ||
# It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. | # It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. Hagahot Maimon 29:5 in name of Maharam as well as the Tur 271:4 also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making Kiddish once the time for Kiddish has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before Kiddish can still make Kiddish. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before Kiddish. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. </ref> This applies to the nighttime and daytime Kiddush.<ref>Kitzur S"A 77:13</ref> | ||
# If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make Kiddish, and eat even before praying Arvit as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say Arvit. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make Kiddish to permit eating, all before praying Arvit. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before Arvit. </ref> | # If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make Kiddish, and eat even before praying Arvit as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say Arvit. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make Kiddish to permit eating, all before praying Arvit. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before Arvit. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from [[Ben HaShemashot]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at [[Ben HaShemashot]]. </ref> | # If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from [[Ben HaShemashot]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at [[Ben HaShemashot]]. </ref> | ||
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# One should make Kiddish before washing for bread. However, Bedieved, if one did wash with a bracha before making Kiddish, according to Sephardim, one should make Kiddish on bread and not on wine. <ref> | # One should make Kiddish before washing for bread. However, Bedieved, if one did wash with a bracha before making Kiddish, according to Sephardim, one should make Kiddish on bread and not on wine. <ref> | ||
* Tur 271:12 quotes Rav Amram Goan (Siddur vol 2, Siman 17) who wrote that one should make Kiddish on wine and then wash for bread, however, if one washed first one should make Kiddish on bread in accordance with Rav Bruna in Pesachim 106b. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:9-10) and the Ran in explaining the Rif (22a) concur. The Maharam MeRotenburg's (quoted by the Tur 271:12) practice was to make Kiddush before washing. S"A 271:12 rules that one should make Kiddush and then wash, however, if one washed first one should make Kiddush on the bread. | * Tur 271:12 quotes Rav Amram Goan (Siddur vol 2, Siman 17) who wrote that one should make Kiddish on wine and then wash for bread, however, if one washed first one should make Kiddish on bread in accordance with Rav Bruna in Pesachim 106b. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:9-10) and the Ran in explaining the Rif (22a) concur. The Maharam MeRotenburg's (quoted by the Tur 271:12) practice was to make Kiddush before washing. S"A 271:12 rules that one should make Kiddush and then wash, however, if one washed first one should make Kiddush on the bread. | ||
* Kaf HaChaim 271:76 adds that the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 71c) agrees because the order should be kept as Kiddish being the completion of prayer and washing as the start of the meal. Gra 271:12, Maamer Mordechai 271:16, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 273) concur with S"A. Therefore, Sephardim shouldn't change from the ruling of S"A even Bedieved. However, the Kaf HaChaim 271:77 argues that Bedieved one should say Kiddish on wine because one has what to rely on. </ref> According to Ashkenazim, Bedieved one can make still make the Kiddish on wine and then have the bread. <ref> However, the Rashbam (Pesachim 106b), and Baal HaMoar (Pesachim 21b D"H Amar Rav Bruna) explain the gemara differently than the Ran and say that lechatchila one should make Kiddish first, however if one doesn't one can still make Kiddish on wine. Rabbenu Tam (Pesachim 106b D"H Mekadesh) and the Ri (Pesachim 106b D"H Zimnin) hold that even Lechatchila one should wash before making Kiddish on wine. | * Kaf HaChaim 271:76 adds that the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 71c) agrees because the order should be kept as Kiddish being the completion of prayer and washing as the start of the meal. Gra 271:12, Maamer Mordechai 271:16, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 273) concur with S"A. Therefore, Sephardim shouldn't change from the ruling of S"A even Bedieved. However, the Kaf HaChaim 271:77 argues that Bedieved one should say Kiddish on wine because one has what to rely on. </ref> According to Ashkenazim, Bedieved one can make still make the Kiddish on wine and then have the bread. <ref> However, the Rashbam (Pesachim 106b), and Baal HaMoar (Pesachim 21b D"H Amar Rav Bruna) explain the gemara differently than the Ran and say that lechatchila one should make Kiddish first, however if one doesn't one can still make Kiddish on wine. Rabbenu Tam (Pesachim 106b D"H Mekadesh) and the Ri (Pesachim 106b D"H Zimnin) hold that even Lechatchila one should wash before making Kiddish on wine. Hagahot Maimon 29:100, Sh"t Rashba 1:752, Rokeach (115), and Mordechai (Pesachim 106b; pg 37c) side with Rabbenu Tam and Ri. Such was the minhag of the Rosh (quoted by Tur 271:12) and the minhag of Ashkenaz as writes the Rama 271:12. The Taz 271:14 and Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:12) rule that the Rama is only bedieved. Therefore, Mishna Brurah 271:62 writes that since many achronim side with Shulchan Aruch and one satisfies all opinions one should make Kiddish first, however Bedieved one can rely on the Rama to make Kiddish on wine if one did in fact wash first. Kaf HaChaim 271:77 adds in the name of the Bach that if one didn't make the bracha on Netilat yadayim one should make Kiddish on wine and then rewash so that one doesn't loose the Kiddish over wine. </ref> | ||
# Nonetheless, some Ashkenazim have the Minhag (specifically German Jews) to specifically wash before making Kiddish over wine and they have what to rely on. <ref> See previous note. Rama 271:12 writes that such was the minhag of Ashkenaz to wash before Kiddish. The Bet Yosef 271:12 comments that he saw some Sephardim who had such a practice but sternly disagreed based on the Rif and Rambam. </ref> | # Nonetheless, some Ashkenazim have the Minhag (specifically German Jews) to specifically wash before making Kiddish over wine and they have what to rely on. <ref> See previous note. Rama 271:12 writes that such was the minhag of Ashkenaz to wash before Kiddish. The Bet Yosef 271:12 comments that he saw some Sephardim who had such a practice but sternly disagreed based on the Rif and Rambam. </ref> | ||
# There is no difference concerning the order between the one making the Kiddish and other members of the family. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:26 in name of | # There is no difference concerning the order between the one making the Kiddish and other members of the family. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:26 in name of Hagahot Mordechai (it seems that he means Mordechai pg 37b), Bach 271:11 (D"H VeleInyan) distinguish between the one making Kiddish and the other members of the family for whom Kiddish won't be an interruption. Kaf HaChaim 271:79 argues that there's no difference between the one making Kiddish and the other family members. </ref> | ||
# If one's minhag is to wash first, it's forbidden to dilute the wine between the washing and Kiddish as that would be an interruption between washing and the meal. Some say one also shouldn't pour the wine from the bottle between washing and the meal as it constitutes an interruption. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:27 writes that even according to Rabbenu Tam (Pesachim 106 D"H Mekadesh) that Lechatchila one can wash before Kiddish, explains that Bet Hillel (Brachot) says to make Kiddish first in the case where one has to dilute the wine becasue diluting wine takes precision and is definitely an interruption. Magan Avraham adds that according to the stringent opinion in S"A 166:1 (which is the Tur based on the Yerushalmi) one should be strict not to make any interruption. The Magan Avraham is brought as halacha by the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:34 and Kaf HaChaim 271:78. </ref> | # If one's minhag is to wash first, it's forbidden to dilute the wine between the washing and Kiddish as that would be an interruption between washing and the meal. Some say one also shouldn't pour the wine from the bottle between washing and the meal as it constitutes an interruption. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:27 writes that even according to Rabbenu Tam (Pesachim 106 D"H Mekadesh) that Lechatchila one can wash before Kiddish, explains that Bet Hillel (Brachot) says to make Kiddish first in the case where one has to dilute the wine becasue diluting wine takes precision and is definitely an interruption. Magan Avraham adds that according to the stringent opinion in S"A 166:1 (which is the Tur based on the Yerushalmi) one should be strict not to make any interruption. The Magan Avraham is brought as halacha by the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:34 and Kaf HaChaim 271:78. </ref> | ||
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# In the place where one made Kiddish one should make sure to have a meal there. <ref>Shmuel in Gemara Pesachim 101a says that one should only say Kiddush in the place where one is going to have a meal. The Rosh (Pesachim 10:5) says that this is based on the pasuk "VeKarata LeShabbat Oneg" which Chazal explain with "Kriyah" as a reference to Kiddush and "Oneg" to the meal and so the pasuk means, in the place of Oneg one should have Kriyah. S"A 273:4 and Kitzur S"A 77:14 codify this as the halacha.</ref> | # In the place where one made Kiddish one should make sure to have a meal there. <ref>Shmuel in Gemara Pesachim 101a says that one should only say Kiddush in the place where one is going to have a meal. The Rosh (Pesachim 10:5) says that this is based on the pasuk "VeKarata LeShabbat Oneg" which Chazal explain with "Kriyah" as a reference to Kiddush and "Oneg" to the meal and so the pasuk means, in the place of Oneg one should have Kriyah. S"A 273:4 and Kitzur S"A 77:14 codify this as the halacha.</ref> | ||
# One should begin to eat something immediately after Kiddish. After the fact, as long as one had intent to eat immediately one doesn't need to make Kiddish again even if one made a long interruption and had a Hesech HaDaat (interruption of thought). However, if one didn't have intent to eat right away and then made an interruption of 72 minutes a new Kiddush is needed. <ref> Preferably, Rama 273:3 writes that one should make one's meal immediately after Kiddish. Mishna Brurah 273:12 explains that preferably, one should eat one's meal right after Kiddish without waiting. However, Bedieved, Mishna Brurah 273:12 and Piskei Teshuvot 273:3 based on Aruch HaShulchan 263:1 write that one shouldn't make a new Kiddish even if one had a long break or made a change in place and returned to the place of the Kiddish. On the other hand, if one didn't have in mind to eat immediately and then made an interruption, Mishna Brurah 273:14 writes that a new Kiddush is needed. Halichot Olam (vol 3, pg 3) defines this interruption as 72 minutes. </ref> | # One should begin to eat something immediately after Kiddish. After the fact, as long as one had intent to eat immediately one doesn't need to make Kiddish again even if one made a long interruption and had a Hesech HaDaat (interruption of thought). However, if one didn't have intent to eat right away and then made an interruption of 72 minutes a new Kiddush is needed. <ref> Preferably, Rama 273:3 writes that one should make one's meal immediately after Kiddish. Mishna Brurah 273:12 explains that preferably, one should eat one's meal right after Kiddish without waiting. However, Bedieved, Mishna Brurah 273:12 and Piskei Teshuvot 273:3 based on Aruch HaShulchan 263:1 write that one shouldn't make a new Kiddish even if one had a long break or made a change in place and returned to the place of the Kiddish. On the other hand, if one didn't have in mind to eat immediately and then made an interruption, Mishna Brurah 273:14 writes that a new Kiddush is needed. Halichot Olam (vol 3, pg 3) defines this interruption as 72 minutes. </ref> | ||
# In order to have Kiddish in the place where one eats and that the Kiddish is considered a proper Kiddish, one must eat at least a [[Kezayit]] of mezonot, bread, or a reviat of wine. <ref> S"A 173:5 writes in name of the Geonim that one can fulfill the obligation to eat in the place of where one makes Kiddish by eating bread or wine. Magan Avraham 173:10 and Mishna Brurah 173:21 rule that a [[Kezayit]] is needed to fulfill this obligation. Mishna Brurah 173:25 comments that certainly mezonot fulfills the obligation as it's more significant than wine. Mishna Brurah 173:25 writes in name of | # In order to have Kiddish in the place where one eats and that the Kiddish is considered a proper Kiddish, one must eat at least a [[Kezayit]] of mezonot, bread, or a reviat of wine. <ref> S"A 173:5 writes in name of the Geonim that one can fulfill the obligation to eat in the place of where one makes Kiddish by eating bread or wine. Magan Avraham 173:10 and Mishna Brurah 173:21 rule that a [[Kezayit]] is needed to fulfill this obligation. Mishna Brurah 173:25 comments that certainly mezonot fulfills the obligation as it's more significant than wine. Mishna Brurah 173:25 writes in name of Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger and Tosefet [[Shabbat]] that wine doesn't fulfill one's obligation according to many and so one should only rely on this in cases of need. Piskei Teshuvot writes that it seems that there's a dispute between the Magan Avraham 173:11 and the Shaarei Teshuva 289:1 whether one can fulfill one's fulfill with mezonot that's not Pat HaBah Bekisnin. The Mishna Brurah 173:25 holds like the Magan Avraham and one can fulfill one's obligation by having any mezonot. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchato 52:24, Sh"T Az Nidabru 8:31, Kiddush KeHilchato (pg 195), Sh"t Or Letzion (vol 2, 20:28), and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 196; Halichot Olam (Vol 3, pg 1)) agree. </ref> | ||
== Women == | == Women == | ||
