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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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# The mitzvah of Kiddish is a Biblical commandment alluded to in the Ten Commandments. The Torah says, "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" meaning "remember [[Shabbat]] to sanctify it," and one fulfills it by saying the text of Kiddish on Friday night. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) writes that there is a positive biblical commandment to remember [[Shabbat]] based on the pasuk "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" (Shemot 20:7). In 29:4, he writes that the primary time for the mitzvah is Friday night. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:1 rules like the opinion of the Rambam. [However, it seems that Tosfot (Nazir 4a D"H My Hee; first opinion) holds that the mitzvah of Kiddish is Derabbanan and the pasuk of Zachor is only an asmachta.] </ref> Many authorities consider Kiddush of [[Yom Tov]] to be Derabbanan, yet it shares all the same halachas of Kiddush of [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 271:2, Nitai Gavriel (Yom Tov vol 2, 29:1)</ref>In addition, Chazal instituted that Kiddish be made over a cup of wine. <ref> Pesachim 106a states that the Kiddish is supposed to be said over a cup of wine. Tosfot(D"H Zochrayhu; first opinion) and Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:6) write that saying Kiddish over the cup of wine is Derabbanan. Tosfot's second opinion holds saying Kiddish over a cup of wine is Deoraittah, but drinking it is Derabbanan. </ref> | # The mitzvah of Kiddish is a Biblical commandment alluded to in the Ten Commandments. The Torah says, "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" meaning "remember [[Shabbat]] to sanctify it," and one fulfills it by saying the text of Kiddish on Friday night. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) writes that there is a positive biblical commandment to remember [[Shabbat]] based on the pasuk "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" (Shemot 20:7). In 29:4, he writes that the primary time for the mitzvah is Friday night. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:1 rules like the opinion of the Rambam. [However, it seems that Tosfot (Nazir 4a D"H My Hee; first opinion) holds that the mitzvah of Kiddish is Derabbanan and the pasuk of Zachor is only an asmachta.] </ref> Many authorities consider Kiddush of [[Yom Tov]] to be Derabbanan, yet it shares all the same halachas of Kiddush of [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 271:2, Nitai Gavriel (Yom Tov vol 2, 29:1)</ref>In addition, Chazal instituted that Kiddish be made over a cup of wine. <ref> Pesachim 106a states that the Kiddish is supposed to be said over a cup of wine. Tosfot(D"H Zochrayhu; first opinion) and Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:6) write that saying Kiddish over the cup of wine is Derabbanan. Tosfot's second opinion holds saying Kiddish over a cup of wine is Deoraittah, but drinking it is Derabbanan. </ref> | ||
# Some authorities hold that the Biblical obligation is discharged with the prayer in Shul and that the Kiddish at home is entirely Derabbanan. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:1 writes that since the Rambam and Tosfot hold that the Deorittah part of Kiddish is that it is stated orally, one should be able to fulfill this obligation with one's Maariv prayer in Shul. This is quoted as halacha by the Bear Hetiev 271:2. However, there is a great discussion in the achronim and many argue on the Magan Avraham (Mishna Brurah 271:2 (based on the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:3) argues that since one doesn't have intention to fulfill the obligation of Zachor, the prayer in shul doesn't fulfill the obligation of Kiddish). There is a dispute whether a women's lighting [[Shabbat]] candles can fulfill Kiddish Deoritta, Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 7:37 holding that it can fulfill the Deoritta obligation, while Sh"t Az Nidabru 12:1 strongly disagrees. </ref> | # Some authorities hold that the Biblical obligation is discharged with the prayer in Shul and that the Kiddish at home is entirely Derabbanan. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:1 writes that since the Rambam and Tosfot hold that the Deorittah part of Kiddish is that it is stated orally, one should be able to fulfill this obligation with one's Maariv prayer in Shul. This is quoted as halacha by the Bear Hetiev 271:2. However, there is a great discussion in the achronim and many argue on the Magan Avraham (Mishna Brurah 271:2 (based on the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:3) argues that since one doesn't have intention to fulfill the obligation of Zachor, the prayer in shul doesn't fulfill the obligation of Kiddish). There is a dispute whether a women's lighting [[Shabbat]] candles can fulfill Kiddish Deoritta, Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 7:37 holding that it can fulfill the Deoritta obligation, while Sh"t Az Nidabru 12:1 strongly disagrees. </ref> | ||
==Amount to Drink== | ==Amount to Drink== | ||
# | # In order to fulfill this obligation, one should drink most of a cup that contains at least a [[reviit]]. <ref> *What is the minimum amount of wine one should drink for Kiddish? S"A 271:13 writes that for kiddush one must drink a Melo Lugmav, which is a cheekful and is the equivalent of the majority of a [[Reviyit]]. Biur Halacha 174:6 D"H VeChen writes that since there's a dispute whether the Birkat HaMazon will exempt the Bracha Achrona of the wine, one should preferably drink only a Melo Lugmav and not a Reviyit. Then he ends off by referencing the Shulchan Aruch's ruling in 190:3 and says that one could have intent that the Birkat HaMazon will exempt the wine before the meal. [Although S"A 190:3 writes that because there is a dispute whether one is obligated to make a Bracha Achrona for a Kezayit or a Reviyit of wine, one shouldn't enter into that dispute and for a Kos Shel Bracha, when one needs to drink more than a Melo Lugmav, one's only option is to drink more than a Reviyit, that doesn't apply to Kiddush. Kaf HaChaim 271:84 quotes the Pri Megadim who explains that since one drinks the wine for Kiddush before the meal, the Birkat HaMazon exempts the wine from a bracha Achrona and there's no concern regarding the issue raised by Shulchan Aruch 190:3.] | ||
* Mishna Brurah 272:30 rules that the obligation to have most of a [[Reviyit]] applies regardless of which drink you use for kiddush. Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank in Har Tzvi 1:159, however, says that since the Taz (210:1) holds that one would be obligated to say a beracha acharona on less than a [[Reviyit]] of liquor because less than that already is considered to be significant enough for a beracha acharona, the same would apply for how much you need to drink for kiddish. In regards to Bracha Achrona, Mishna Berura 190:14 based on the Magen Avraham 190 also writes that there's no difference between wine and other drinks in opposition to the Taz's opinion in that regard as well. </ref> For Kiddish, the [[Reviyit]] should be considered to be 4.4oz. <ref>Haggadah Kol Dodi (Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, 5730, pg 4) writes that the [[Reviyit]] for kiddush on Shabbat (using the method of measuring finger-widths) should be 4.42 oz.</ref> | |||
==Kiddish in Shul== | ==Kiddish in Shul== | ||
