16,374
edits
Kiddush: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
m
Text replace - "Ben HaShemashot" to "Ben HaShemashot"
m (Text replace - " reviit " to " Reviyit ") |
m (Text replace - "Ben HaShemashot" to "Ben HaShemashot") |
||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
# It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. Hagot Maimon 29:5 in name of Maharam as well as the Tur 271:4 also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making Kiddish once the time for Kiddish has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before Kiddish can still make Kiddish. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before Kiddish. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. </ref> This applies to the nighttime and daytime Kiddush.<ref>Kitzur S"A 77:13</ref> | # It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Berurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> Maggid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before Kiddish is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. Hagot Maimon 29:5 in name of Maharam as well as the Tur 271:4 also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making Kiddish once the time for Kiddish has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before Kiddish can still make Kiddish. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before Kiddish. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. </ref> This applies to the nighttime and daytime Kiddush.<ref>Kitzur S"A 77:13</ref> | ||
# If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make Kiddish, and eat even before praying Arvit as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say Arvit. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make Kiddish to permit eating, all before praying Arvit. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before Arvit. </ref> | # If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making Kiddish if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make Kiddish, and eat even before praying Arvit as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say Arvit. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make Kiddish to permit eating, all before praying Arvit. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before Arvit. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from Ben HaShemashot. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at Ben HaShemashot. </ref> | # If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the probition begins from [[Ben HaShemashot]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Berurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at [[Ben HaShemashot]]. </ref> | ||
# Rinsing out one's mouth is permitted since one doesn't intend to get benefit from the water. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that rinsing out one's mouth is permitted as it isn't called drinking. Bear Hetiev 271:4 and Mishna Brurah agree. However, Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 is more stringent and only permits if one was fasting and only during Ben HaShemashot. </ref> | # Rinsing out one's mouth is permitted since one doesn't intend to get benefit from the water. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that rinsing out one's mouth is permitted as it isn't called drinking. Bear Hetiev 271:4 and Mishna Brurah agree. However, Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 is more stringent and only permits if one was fasting and only during [[Ben HaShemashot]]. </ref> | ||
== Timing== | == Timing== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
#One can say Kiddish before nightfall if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. <ref> Magan Avraham writes that Kiddish can be made during the day if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. Many achronim including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:2 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 concur. </ref> | #One can say Kiddish before nightfall if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. <ref> Magan Avraham writes that Kiddish can be made during the day if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. Many achronim including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:2 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 concur. </ref> | ||
#If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during [[Shabbat]] day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on [[Shabbat]] day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying Kiddish on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of [[Shabbat]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make Kiddish the next day. Additionally, achronim including the Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2), Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, and Ben Ish Chai (Beresheet 19) hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the Kiddish is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of [[Shabbat]]. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4).] </ref> | #If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during [[Shabbat]] day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on [[Shabbat]] day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying Kiddish on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of [[Shabbat]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make Kiddish the next day. Additionally, achronim including the Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2), Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, and Ben Ish Chai (Beresheet 19) hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the Kiddish is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of [[Shabbat]]. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4).] </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say Kiddish on Friday night and only remembered during Ben HaShemashot of Saturday, one should say Kiddish then with Shem UMalchut, however, according to Ashkenazim as long as one davened any of the [[Shabbat]] prayers, if one needs to make Kiddush during Ben HaShemashot it should be done without Shem Umalchut. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 19 writes that one could argue that according to the Magan Avraham, once one prayed on [[Shabbat]] the obligation of Kiddish is only Derabbanan and whenever there is a doubt about a Derabbanan obligation one may be lenient (Safek Derabbanan Lekula). If this was the case, one should say that if it is Ben HaShemashot one no longer needs to say Kiddush. However, the Ben Ish Chai rejects such an argument because some commentators limit the Magan Avraham to a case where one doesn't have wine or one specifically had Kavana in davening to fulfill one's obligation. Therefore, the Ben Ish Chai rules that one can still make Kiddish during Ben HaShemashot with a Bracha because of the rule Safek Deorittah LeChumra just like if there's a doubt concerning Birkat HaMazon. Halichot Olam (vol 3, pg 25-7) agrees. However, the Mishna Brurah 271:39 (Shaar Tzion 47) rules that if one did say Tefillot [[Shabbat]] and it's Ben HaShemashot, one should make the bracha without Shem UMalchut. See [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=1866 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com]. </ref> | # If one forgot to say Kiddish on Friday night and only remembered during [[Ben HaShemashot]] of Saturday, one should say Kiddish then with Shem UMalchut, however, according to Ashkenazim as long as one davened any of the [[Shabbat]] prayers, if one needs to make Kiddush during [[Ben HaShemashot]] it should be done without Shem Umalchut. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 19 writes that one could argue that according to the Magan Avraham, once one prayed on [[Shabbat]] the obligation of Kiddish is only Derabbanan and whenever there is a doubt about a Derabbanan obligation one may be lenient (Safek Derabbanan Lekula). If this was the case, one should say that if it is [[Ben HaShemashot]] one no longer needs to say Kiddush. However, the Ben Ish Chai rejects such an argument because some commentators limit the Magan Avraham to a case where one doesn't have wine or one specifically had Kavana in davening to fulfill one's obligation. Therefore, the Ben Ish Chai rules that one can still make Kiddish during [[Ben HaShemashot]] with a Bracha because of the rule Safek Deorittah LeChumra just like if there's a doubt concerning Birkat HaMazon. Halichot Olam (vol 3, pg 25-7) agrees. However, the Mishna Brurah 271:39 (Shaar Tzion 47) rules that if one did say Tefillot [[Shabbat]] and it's [[Ben HaShemashot]], one should make the bracha without Shem UMalchut. See [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=1866 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com]. </ref> | ||
==Washing before making Kiddish== | ==Washing before making Kiddish== | ||
