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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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Before eating on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]], '''Kiddush''' is made over a cup of preferably wine. | Before eating on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]], '''Kiddush''' is made over a cup of preferably wine. | ||
==Obligation== | ==Obligation== | ||
# The mitzvah of Kiddish is a Biblical commandment alluded to in the Ten Commandments. The Torah says "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" meaning "remember [[Shabbat]] to sanctify it," and one fulfills it by saying the text of Kiddish on Friday night. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) writes that there's a positive biblical commandment to remember [[Shabbat]] based on the pasuk "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" (Shemot 20:7). In 29:4 he writes that the primary time for the mitzvah is Friday night. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:1 rules like the opinion of the Rambam. [However, it seems | # The mitzvah of Kiddish is a Biblical commandment alluded to in the Ten Commandments. The Torah says "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" meaning "remember [[Shabbat]] to sanctify it," and one fulfills it by saying the text of Kiddish on Friday night. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) writes that there's a positive biblical commandment to remember [[Shabbat]] based on the pasuk "זכור את יום השבת לקדשו" (Shemot 20:7). In 29:4 he writes that the primary time for the mitzvah is Friday night. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:1 rules like the opinion of the Rambam. [However, it seems that Tosfot (Nazir 4a D"H My Hee; first opinion) holds that the mitzvah of Kiddish is Derabbanan and the pasuk of Zachor is only an asmachta.] </ref> In addition, Chazal instituted that Kiddish be made over a cup of wine. <ref> Pesachim 106a states that the Kiddish is supposed to be said over a cup of wine. Tosfot(D"H Zochrayhu; first opinion) and Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:6) write that saying Kiddish over the cup of wine is Derabbanan. Tosfot's second opinion holds saying Kiddish over a cup of wine is Deorittah, but drinking it is Derabbanan. </ref> | ||
# Some authorities hold that the Biblical obligation is discharged with the prayer in Shul and the Kiddish at home is entirely Derabbanan. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:1 writes that since the Rambam and Tosfot hold that the Deorittah part of Kiddish is that it is stated orally, one should be able to fulfill this obligation with one's Arvit prayer in Shul. This is quoted as halacha by the Bear Hetiev 271:2. However, there is a great discussion in the achronim and many argue on the Magan Avraham including. Mishna Brurah 271:2 (based on the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:3) argues that since one doesn't have intention to fulfill the obligation of Zachor, the prayer in shul doesn't fulfill the obligation of Kiddish. There is a dispute whether a women's lighting [[Shabbat]] candles can fulfill Kiddish Deoritta, Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 7:37 holding that it can fulfill the Deoritta obligation, while Sh"t Az Nidabru 12:1 strongly disagrees. </ref> | # Some authorities hold that the Biblical obligation is discharged with the prayer in Shul and the Kiddish at home is entirely Derabbanan. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:1 writes that since the Rambam and Tosfot hold that the Deorittah part of Kiddish is that it is stated orally, one should be able to fulfill this obligation with one's Arvit prayer in Shul. This is quoted as halacha by the Bear Hetiev 271:2. However, there is a great discussion in the achronim and many argue on the Magan Avraham including. Mishna Brurah 271:2 (based on the Tosfet [[Shabbat]] 271:3) argues that since one doesn't have intention to fulfill the obligation of Zachor, the prayer in shul doesn't fulfill the obligation of Kiddish. There is a dispute whether a women's lighting [[Shabbat]] candles can fulfill Kiddish Deoritta, Sh"t Mishneh Halachot 7:37 holding that it can fulfill the Deoritta obligation, while Sh"t Az Nidabru 12:1 strongly disagrees. </ref> | ||
# In order to fulfill this obligation, one should drink most of a cup that contains at least a [[reviit]]. <ref> S"A 272:13. For how much a reviit is see [[Reviit]]. Mishna Brurah 272:30 rules that the obligation to have most of a reviit applies regardless of which drink you use for kiddush. Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank in Har Tzvi 1:159 says that since the Taz (210:1) holds that one would be obligated to say a beracha acharona on less than a reviit of liquor because less than that already is considered to be significant enough for a beracha acharona, the same would apply for how much you need to drink for kiddish. Mishna Berura 190:14 disagrees about the beracha acharona as well, quoting the Magen Avraham 190. </ref> | # In order to fulfill this obligation, one should drink most of a cup that contains at least a [[reviit]]. <ref> S"A 272:13. For how much a reviit is see [[Reviit]]. Mishna Brurah 272:30 rules that the obligation to have most of a reviit applies regardless of which drink you use for kiddush. Rav Tzvi Pesach Frank in Har Tzvi 1:159 says that since the Taz (210:1) holds that one would be obligated to say a beracha acharona on less than a reviit of liquor because less than that already is considered to be significant enough for a beracha acharona, the same would apply for how much you need to drink for kiddish. Mishna Berura 190:14 disagrees about the beracha acharona as well, quoting the Magen Avraham 190. </ref> | ||
==Kiddish in Shul== | ==Kiddish in Shul== | ||
