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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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==Pouring Off== | ==Pouring Off== | ||
#A person shouldn’t pour off to the other cups between the kiddush and drinking. If he is sick and worried about others drinking from his cup he can pour off but should make sure to leave a reviyit in the cup when he drinks.<ref>*Piskei Teshuvot 271:32 quotes the Mishnat Yosef 4:35 who says that initially one shouldn't pour off before drinking because one should drink from a cup with a reviyit and also so that it shouldn't look like a disgrace to the mitzvah (bizuy mitzvah, see Mishna Brurah 296:4 and Eliya Rabba 271:23). However, if he’s sick he can pour off some and then drink from the cup which still has a reviyit. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/898548/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-92-47a-kiddusha-rabba-ii-bracha-al-hakos-ad-sheyitom-hamevarech-answering-amen/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 92 min 44)] agreed that one shouldn’t pour off so much that there’s not a reviyit left before you drink. He holds like the Magen Avraham as will be explained. | #A person shouldn’t pour off to the other cups between the kiddush and drinking. If he is sick and worried about others drinking from his cup he can pour off, but should make sure to leave a reviyit in the cup when he drinks.<ref>*Piskei Teshuvot 271:32 quotes the Mishnat Yosef 4:35 who says that initially one shouldn't pour off before drinking because one should drink from a cup with a reviyit and also so that it shouldn't look like a disgrace to the mitzvah (bizuy mitzvah, see Mishna Brurah 296:4 and Eliya Rabba 271:23). However, if he’s sick he can pour off some and then drink from the cup which still has a reviyit. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/898548/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-92-47a-kiddusha-rabba-ii-bracha-al-hakos-ad-sheyitom-hamevarech-answering-amen/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 92 min 44)] agreed that one shouldn’t pour off so much that there’s not a reviyit left before you drink. He holds like the Magen Avraham as will be explained. | ||
*Should the cup one drinks from have a reviyit? Tosfot Pesachim 105b s.v. shema writes that one must drink from a cup that has a reviyit and not pour off some of the cup into another cup and drink. Agudah Pesachim 10:84 and Ritva Pesachim 105b s.v. shema agree. Magen Avraham 271:24 rules like Tosfot. Mishna Brurah 271:51 agrees. Shulchan Aruch 271:11 seems not to hold like Tosfot but see Eliya Rabba 271:23 who defends Shulchan Aruch but also accepts Tosfot. Korban Netanel Pesachim 10:200 writes that in fact the Rosh, Rabbenu Yerucham, and Shulchan Aruch disagree with Tosfot and you don’t have to drink from a cup with a reviyit. Netiv Chaim 271:11 agrees. Rabbi Akiva Eiger Pesachim 105b discusses whether the proof of the Korban Netanel is conclusive.</ref> | *Should the cup one drinks from have a reviyit? Tosfot Pesachim 105b s.v. shema writes that one must drink from a cup that has a reviyit and not pour off some of the cup into another cup and drink. Agudah Pesachim 10:84 and Ritva Pesachim 105b s.v. shema agree. Magen Avraham 271:24 rules like Tosfot. Mishna Brurah 271:51 agrees. Shulchan Aruch 271:11 seems not to hold like Tosfot but see Eliya Rabba 271:23 who defends Shulchan Aruch but also accepts Tosfot. Korban Netanel Pesachim 10:200 writes that in fact the Rosh, Rabbenu Yerucham, and Shulchan Aruch disagree with Tosfot and you don’t have to drink from a cup with a reviyit. Netiv Chaim 271:11 agrees. Rabbi Akiva Eiger Pesachim 105b discusses whether the proof of the Korban Netanel is conclusive.</ref> | ||
##Some poskim allow pouring off wine for guests before he drinks from the kiddush cup (as long as one is careful to keep a reviyit in the cup).<ref>Dor Hamelaktim (v. 1 p. 652) quotes Rivevot Efraim 1:194 and Zeh Hashulchan (2:190 s.v. im) as allowing this practice even initially, but Rav Chaim Kanievsky disapproving of that practice.</ref> | |||
#The one reciting kiddush doesn't have to pour off into their cups unless their cups are invalid for kiddush as they drank from them already. In such a case the one reciting kiddush can pour off from his cup into the others so that they are considered valid for kiddush.<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 106a s.v. gachin, Tosfot Brachot 47a s.v. ein, Rosh Pesachim 10:16, Rosh Brachot 7:15, Shulchan Aruch OC 271:17</ref> | #The one reciting kiddush doesn't have to pour off into their cups unless their cups are invalid for kiddush as they drank from them already. In such a case the one reciting kiddush can pour off from his cup into the others so that they are considered valid for kiddush.<ref>Tosfot Pesachim 106a s.v. gachin, Tosfot Brachot 47a s.v. ein, Rosh Pesachim 10:16, Rosh Brachot 7:15, Shulchan Aruch OC 271:17</ref> | ||
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#Someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat, according to Ashkenazim should recite Kiddush beforehand unless one doesn't eat a kezayit of mezonot within a kdei achilat pras,<ref>Mishna Brurah (Biur Halacha 289:1 s.v. chovat) and Igrot Moshe OC 2:26:2 write that someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat should make kiddush unless he doesn't need to eat pat haba bekisnin. Piskei Teshuvot 289:8 note 63 writes that the best option is for the sick person not to have a kezayit of pat haba bekisnin within a kedi achilat pras which wouldn't obligate kiddush.</ref> while according to Sephardim it isn't necessary.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 8:31 and Or Letzion 2:20:14 write that someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat does not need to make kiddush. See also Kaf Hachaim 276:28 who is lenient in extenuating circumstances. See Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 2 p. 149) where Rav Ovadia recommends that a sick person who needs to eat bread or pat haba bekisnin before davening should recite kiddush.</ref> | #Someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat, according to Ashkenazim should recite Kiddush beforehand unless one doesn't eat a kezayit of mezonot within a kdei achilat pras,<ref>Mishna Brurah (Biur Halacha 289:1 s.v. chovat) and Igrot Moshe OC 2:26:2 write that someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat should make kiddush unless he doesn't need to eat pat haba bekisnin. Piskei Teshuvot 289:8 note 63 writes that the best option is for the sick person not to have a kezayit of pat haba bekisnin within a kedi achilat pras which wouldn't obligate kiddush.</ref> while according to Sephardim it isn't necessary.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 8:31 and Or Letzion 2:20:14 write that someone who is sick and needs to eat before davening on Shabbat does not need to make kiddush. See also Kaf Hachaim 276:28 who is lenient in extenuating circumstances. See Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 2 p. 149) where Rav Ovadia recommends that a sick person who needs to eat bread or pat haba bekisnin before davening should recite kiddush.</ref> | ||
#If someone needs to eat after Shacharit before Mussaf he should make Kiddish. If he doesn't have wine or another drink to make Kiddish upon, he still may eat fruit or pat haba bkisnin.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:15</ref> | #If someone needs to eat after Shacharit before Mussaf he should make Kiddish. If he doesn't have wine or another drink to make Kiddish upon, he still may eat fruit or pat haba bkisnin.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:15</ref> | ||
=== Children === | |||
#It is permitted for children to eat before Kiddish before by night and day. This applies even if he reached the age of chinuch.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:18 is lenient since when eating before Kiddish the food itself isn't forbidden. It is just a forbidden time and since the child needs the food it is permitted.</ref> | |||
=== Women === | |||
#A woman who usually davens Shacharit before eating should also do so on Shabbat. She may drink just like men.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:13</ref> | |||
#If she's sick and needs to eat before davening she does not have to recite Kiddish. However, if she usually does not daven Shacharit at all or she davens after she eats because she relies on reciting the opinion that she only has to recite some request from Hashem to fulfill the mitzvah of davening, she should recite Kiddish before eating.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:13</ref> In an extenuating circumstance when she's weak doesn't have wine she may eat without Kiddish.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 52:13 quoting Minchat Yitzchak 4:28:3 who includes a factor of relying on Maharam Chalavah that women are not obligated in Kiddish during the day.</ref> | |||
==Timing== | ==Timing== | ||
