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Kiddush: Difference between revisions
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# It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Brurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> [[Maggid]] Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before [[Kiddish]] is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. Hagahot Maimon 29:5 in name of Maharam as well as the Tur 271:4 also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making [[Kiddish]] once the time for [[Kiddish]] has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before [[Kiddish]] can still make [[Kiddish]]. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before [[Kiddish]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]]. </ref> This applies to the nighttime and daytime Kiddush.<ref>Kitzur S"A 77:13</ref> | # It's Rabbinically <ref> Mishna Brurah 271:11 writes that the prohibition is only Rabbinic. </ref> forbidden to eat anything even water <ref> [[Maggid]] Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5) explains that the Rambam holds drinking water before [[Kiddish]] is permitted, while the Rashba (Sh"t 3:264) forbids it. Hagahot Maimon 29:5 in name of Maharam as well as the Tur 271:4 also forbid. Bet Yosef says that the Rambam is unclear and may hold that even water is forbidden. S"A 271:4 rules that even water is forbidden. </ref> before making [[Kiddish]] once the time for [[Kiddish]] has come. <ref> Pesachim 106b records a dispute whether one who tasted food before [[Kiddish]] can still make [[Kiddish]]. Bet Yosef 271:4 implies from there that Lechatchila, it's forbidden to eat or drink before [[Kiddish]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:5), Tur and S"A 271:4 all rule that it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]]. </ref> This applies to the nighttime and daytime Kiddush.<ref>Kitzur S"A 77:13</ref> | ||
# If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]]. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]] if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make [[Kiddish]], and eat even before praying [[Arvit]] as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say [[Arvit]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make [[Kiddish]] to permit eating, all before praying [[Arvit]]. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before [[Arvit]]. </ref> | # If one takes [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early, it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]]. <ref> Magan Avraham in name of the Bach writes that it's forbidden to eat before making [[Kiddish]] if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early. </ref> Therefore, one can accept [[Shabbat]] early, make [[Kiddish]], and eat even before praying [[Arvit]] as long as it's not within a half hour of the time to say [[Arvit]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that one is allowed to accept [[Shabbat]] early, and then make [[Kiddish]] to permit eating, all before praying [[Arvit]]. Beir Heitev 271:4 quotes this as halacha. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:4 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 limit the permit to eat to when one is more than a half hour before nightfall as is the halacha everyday of not eating before [[Arvit]]. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the prohibition begins from [[ | # If one doesn't pray or take [[Shabbat]] upon oneself early The time that the prohibition begins from [[Bein HaShemashot]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 271, Mishna Brurah 271:11 and Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 write that the prohibition begins at [[Bein HaShemashot]]. </ref> | ||
# Rinsing out one's mouth is permitted since one doesn't intend to get benefit from the water. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that rinsing out one's mouth is permitted as it isn't called drinking. Bear Hetiev 271:4 and Mishna Brurah agree. However, Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 is more stringent and only permits if one was fasting and only during [[ | # Rinsing out one's mouth is permitted since one doesn't intend to get benefit from the water. <ref> Magan Avraham 271:5 writes that rinsing out one's mouth is permitted as it isn't called drinking. Bear Hetiev 271:4 and Mishna Brurah agree. However, Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 17 is more stringent and only permits if one was fasting and only during [[Bein HaShemashot]]. </ref> | ||
== Timing== | == Timing== | ||
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#One can say [[Kiddish]] before nightfall if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. <ref> Magan Avraham writes that [[Kiddish]] can be made during the day if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. Many achronim including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:2 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 concur. </ref> | #One can say [[Kiddish]] before nightfall if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. <ref> Magan Avraham writes that [[Kiddish]] can be made during the day if one accepts upon oneself [[Shabbat]] early. Many achronim including Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 77:2 and Mishna Brurah 271:11 concur. </ref> | ||
#If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during [[Shabbat]] day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on [[Shabbat]] day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying [[Kiddish]] on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of [[Shabbat]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make [[Kiddish]] the next day. Additionally, achronim including the Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2), Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, and Ben Ish Chai (Beresheet 19) hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the [[Kiddish]] is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of [[Shabbat]]. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4).] </ref> | #If one missed Kiddush on Friday night, it can and should be made up at any point during [[Shabbat]] day, which means that one would recite the longer Friday-night version of Kiddush on [[Shabbat]] day. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim 105a rules that if one missed saying [[Kiddish]] on Friday night one can make it up through the rest of [[Shabbat]]. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4), Tur and S"A 271:8 rule like the gemara pesachim. This is agree upon by the achronim including Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, Ben Ish Hai (Bereshit 19), and Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in Halichot Olam. Aruch HaShulchan and Ben Ish Chai write that even if the person ate intentionally one should still make [[Kiddish]] the next day. Additionally, achronim including the Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2), Aruch HaShulchan 271:21, and Ben Ish Chai (Beresheet 19) hold that we don't say Vayichulu if the [[Kiddish]] is said during the day since Vayichulu was instituted for the incoming of [[Shabbat]]. [This finds it's source in the Magid Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:4).] </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to say [[Kiddish]] on Friday night and only remembered during [[ | # If one forgot to say [[Kiddish]] on Friday night and only remembered during [[Bein HaShemashot]] of Saturday, one should say [[Kiddish]] then with [[Shem UMalchut]], however, according to Ashkenazim as long as one davened any of the [[Shabbat]] [[prayers]], if one needs to make Kiddush during [[Bein HaShemashot]] it should be done without Shem Umalchut. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Beresheet 19 writes that one could argue that according to the Magan Avraham, once one prayed on [[Shabbat]] the obligation of [[Kiddish]] is only Derabbanan and whenever there is a doubt about a Derabbanan obligation one may be lenient (Safek Derabbanan Lekula). If this was the case, one should say that if it is [[Bein HaShemashot]] one no longer needs to say Kiddush. However, the Ben Ish Chai rejects such an argument because some commentators limit the Magan Avraham to a case where one doesn't have wine or one specifically had Kavana in [[davening]] to fulfill one's obligation. Therefore, the Ben Ish Chai rules that one can still make [[Kiddish]] during [[Bein HaShemashot]] with a Bracha because of the rule Safek Deorittah LeChumra just like if there's a doubt concerning [[Birkat HaMazon]]. Halichot Olam (vol 3, pg 25-7) agrees. However, the Mishna Brurah 271:39 (Shaar Hatziyun 47) rules that if one did say Tefillot [[Shabbat]] and it's [[Bein HaShemashot]], one should make the bracha without [[Shem UMalchut]]. See [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=1866 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com]. </ref> | ||
==Washing before or after Kiddish== | ==Washing before or after Kiddish== | ||
