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On a Torah level a woman is only tameh if she has a hargasha when she sees blood.<ref>Shmuel in Gemara Niddah 57b. See also Mishna Niddah 58b.</ref> There is a major dispute as to what this includes and even further dispute nowadays when these signs aren't usually observed today. Nonetheless, | On a Torah level a woman is only tameh if she has a ''hargasha'' when she sees blood.<ref>Shmuel in Gemara Niddah 57b. See also Mishna Niddah 58b.</ref> There is a major dispute as to what this includes and even further dispute nowadays when these signs aren't usually observed today.<ref>The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 70</ref> Nonetheless, all poskim agree that today woman do become tameh on a Torah level even though she isn't sure that she had a hargasha at all.<ref>The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 74 fnt. 15 and Appendix A. See Pitchei Teshuva 190:1.</ref> Either way, the rabbis declared that any time a woman sees blood from her body she is tameh.<ref>Shach 190:1</ref> Additionally, if she sees the blood after it came out and is found as a stain it will also make her tameh.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 190:1</ref> In the halachot of niddah a stain is called a ketem and the plural is ketamim. | ||
==What is a Hargasha?== | ==What is a Hargasha?== | ||
# The most accepted definition of a hargasha is that if a woman feels that her mekor (usually defined as the uterus) opened that is a hargasha and when blood comes out that will make her tameh.<ref>Trumat Hadeshen 246, Shulchan Aruch YD 190:1, Taharat Habayit v. 1 p. 334</ref> | # The most accepted definition of a hargasha is that if a woman feels that her mekor (usually defined as the uterus) opened that is a hargasha and when blood comes out that will make her tameh.<ref>Trumat Hadeshen 246, Shulchan Aruch YD 190:1, Taharat Habayit v. 1 p. 334</ref> | ||
# Alternatively, another definition of hargasha given by the poskim is feeling something liquid moving and exiting the body.<ref>Nodeh Beyehuda YD 1:55 holds that feeling a liquid exiting the body is a type of hargasha while the Chatom Sofer 1:145 argues that it isn't a type of hargasha.</ref> | # Alternatively, another definition of hargasha given by the poskim is feeling something liquid moving and exiting the body.<ref>Nodeh Beyehuda YD 1:55 holds that feeling a liquid exiting the body is a type of hargasha while the Chatom Sofer 1:145 argues that it isn't a type of hargasha. Sidrei Tahara 190:1 cites this as a dispute between the Shev Yakov who hold it wasn't a type of hargasha and Maharshach who hold it was. Rav Ovadia Yosef in Taharat Habayit v. 1 p. 14 holds that this isn't a type of hargasha.</ref> | ||
# Lastly, some poskim | ## Many contemporary poskim hold that this hargasha is only if she feels an internal flow through the uterine opening and not a vaginal flow.<ref>The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 76 citing Shaarei Tahara p. 8 quoting Rav Elyashiv and others. Chavot Daat 190:1 suggests this in understanding the concept of a hargasha of a flow. </ref> Others say that even if a woman feels a vaginal flow (from the vagina outside) that is also a hargasha. However, feeling an external dampness is certainly not a hargasha.<ref>The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 76 citing Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 4:17:7</ref> | ||
# Lastly, some poskim hold that if the woman feels her body trembling that is considered a hargasha.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 183:1 based on Rambam Isurei Biyah 5:17</ref> | |||
# There are also a few occurrences which chazal state could be confused with a hargasha. Therefore, if blood is found at one of these times according to many poskim there is a concern that there was a hargasha even if she didn't feel one. These examples include: going to the bathroom, doing an internal bedika, and having tashmish.<ref>Niddah 57b, Pitchei Teshuva 183:1 citing the Chavot Daat 190 and Sidrei Tahara</ref> | # There are also a few occurrences which chazal state could be confused with a hargasha. Therefore, if blood is found at one of these times according to many poskim there is a concern that there was a hargasha even if she didn't feel one. These examples include: going to the bathroom, doing an internal bedika, and having tashmish.<ref>Niddah 57b, Pitchei Teshuva 183:1 citing the Chavot Daat 190 and Sidrei Tahara</ref> | ||
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===Hargasha Nowadays=== | ===Hargasha Nowadays=== | ||
# Most woman today do not feel the hargasha described by earlier poskim. | # Most woman today do not feel the hargasha described by earlier poskim.<ref>Shev Yakov 40, Teshurat Shay 457, The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 70</ref> All the poskim conclude that nonetheless woman today are tameh on a Biblical level for a few reasons.<Ref>The Laws of Niddah v. 1 p. 74 fnt. 15</ref> | ||
# Some poskim hold that today we do have the same types of hargasha though we just don't realize it.<Ref>Aruch Hashulchan YD 190:61, Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 4:17:12</ref> | # Some poskim hold that feeling an ache or the like prior to having a period, which is common, is a type of hargasha.<Ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe YD 4:17:12, Maharam Shik YD 177, 184 based on Rambam Isurei Biyah 8:2</ref> | ||
# Some poskim hold that today we do have the same types of hargasha though we just don't realize it.<Ref>Aruch Hashulchan YD 190:61, Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 4:17:12. The Laws of Niddah v. 1 Appendix A cites Chatom Sofer 177 as agreeing with this approach.</ref> | |||
# Some poskim hold that if she knew that the blood came from her body she is a Niddah on a Biblical level.<ref>Sidrei Tahara 190:93 in understanding Rashi and Tosfot. See also Maharam Lublin (responsa 2).</ref> | |||
# Some poskim hold that every woman is automatically tameh on a Biblical level. If she usually has a hargasha and one time doesn't then she's not tameh on a Biblical level, however, since woman today never have a hargasha they are automatically tameh on a Biblical level.<ref>Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuva 1:84</ref> | # Some poskim hold that every woman is automatically tameh on a Biblical level. If she usually has a hargasha and one time doesn't then she's not tameh on a Biblical level, however, since woman today never have a hargasha they are automatically tameh on a Biblical level.<ref>Rav Elyashiv in Kovetz Teshuva 1:84</ref> | ||
# Some poskim hold that today the hargasha is defined by a normal type of seeing blood for a period, which is usually a normal amount of blood. However, if a woman is on a Mirena IUD she might still be a niddah on a Biblical level even if she only sees a drop each month since for her that is the normal way of her period.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/872192/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/niddah-shiur-83-hargasha-today/ Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Niddah Shiur 83) on YUTorah.org]</ref> | # Some poskim hold that today the hargasha is defined by a normal type of seeing blood for a period, which is usually a normal amount of blood. However, if a woman is on a Mirena IUD she might still be a niddah on a Biblical level even if she only sees a drop each month since for her that is the normal way of her period.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/872192/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/niddah-shiur-83-hargasha-today/ Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Niddah Shiur 83) on YUTorah.org]</ref> | ||
