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Ikar and Tafel: Difference between revisions
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# The Bracha that one makes on the ikar (primary food) covers the Bracha on the Tofel (secondary food). This rule applies to [[Bracha Rishona]] and [[Bracha Achrona]]. <Ref> S”A 212:1 based on Brachos 41b. See Kol Bo (n. 24) who is uncertain about this. | # The Bracha that one makes on the ikar (primary food) covers the Bracha on the Tofel (secondary food). This rule applies to [[Bracha Rishona]] and [[Bracha Achrona]]. <Ref> S”A 212:1 based on Brachos 41b. See Kol Bo (n. 24) who is uncertain about this. | ||
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The Chazon Ish (27:9) explains that a tafel is never excused from a bracha rishona. Rather, the tafel is excused from its own typical bracha because it is subsumed under the ikar and, therefore, covered by the bracha recited on the ikar.<br /> | * The Chazon Ish (27:9) explains that a tafel is never excused from a bracha rishona. Rather, the tafel is excused from its own typical bracha because it is subsumed under the ikar and, therefore, covered by the bracha recited on the ikar.<br /> | ||
See Pri Megadim (Preface to Hilchos Birkas ha’Peiros note 11) where he develops a hierarchy of objective significance, including foods comprising a quantitative majority, the five grains, and flavoring agents. </ref> | * See Pri Megadim (Preface to Hilchos Birkas ha’Peiros note 11) where he develops a hierarchy of objective significance, including foods comprising a quantitative majority, the five grains, and flavoring agents. </ref> | ||
# Situations exhibiting an ikar ve’tafel relationship include both when: | # Situations exhibiting an ikar ve’tafel relationship include both when: | ||
## Two entities are intermixed and eaten together | ## Two entities are intermixed and eaten together | ||
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* Mishna Brurah 212:10 and Beiur Halacha s.v. VeAyno quotes many achronim who disagree with the Rama. Mishna Brurah concludes that one should avoid this situation by eating the primary food first. </ref> | * Mishna Brurah 212:10 and Beiur Halacha s.v. VeAyno quotes many achronim who disagree with the Rama. Mishna Brurah concludes that one should avoid this situation by eating the primary food first. </ref> | ||
# In general, objective significance is eclipsed by subjective purpose. That is the determination of ikar depends on each and every person subjectively.<ref>Rabbi Alexander Mandelbaum in Yeshurun v. 33 p. 583 writes that the Shulchan Aruch 212:1 holds that the determination of ikar and tofel depends on each person and can change over time. Igrot Moshe OC 4:43 and Rav Nevinsal 208:3 agree.</ref> Therefore, eating cake to temper the bitterness of a shot of whiskey demotes the cake to a status of tafel, notwithstanding the objective significance of flour. <ref>Mishna Brurah 212:5. The Mishnah in Brachos 44a rules that the bracha recited on an ikar excuses the need for an additional bracha on the tafel if the consumer had both in mind when reciting a bracha on the ikar. Thus, when bread is secondary to a salty dish, one recites a bracha only on the salty dish (Tosfos Brachos 44a s.v. be’Ochlei peiros and S”A 212:1). However, it is important to note that the Mishnah Brurah (212:5 s.v “ve’achar”) paskins that a bracha on the bread would be in order if one had an appetite for it as well. Furthermore, based on a Shlah, the Mishnah Brurah advises to avoid such a situation of using bread to temper the effects of the whiskey, as it is difficult to ascertain definitively that one has no appetite for the bread itself. | # In general, objective significance is eclipsed by subjective purpose. That is the determination of ikar depends on each and every person subjectively.<ref>Rabbi Alexander Mandelbaum in Yeshurun v. 33 p. 583 writes that the Shulchan Aruch 212:1 holds that the determination of ikar and tofel depends on each person and can change over time. Igrot Moshe OC 4:43 and Rav Nevinsal 208:3 agree.</ref> Therefore, eating cake to temper the bitterness of a shot of whiskey demotes the cake to a status of tafel, notwithstanding the objective significance of flour. <ref>Mishna Brurah 212:5. The Mishnah in Brachos 44a rules that the bracha recited on an ikar excuses the need for an additional bracha on the tafel if the consumer had both in mind when reciting a bracha on the ikar. Thus, when bread is secondary to a salty dish, one recites a bracha only on the salty dish (Tosfos Brachos 44a s.v. be’Ochlei peiros and S”A 212:1). However, it is important to note that the Mishnah Brurah (212:5 s.v “ve’achar”) paskins that a bracha on the bread would be in order if one had an appetite for it as well. Furthermore, based on a Shlah, the Mishnah Brurah advises to avoid such a situation of using bread to temper the effects of the whiskey, as it is difficult to ascertain definitively that one has no appetite for the bread itself. | ||
In a slightly similar vein, | In a slightly similar vein, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igros Moshe 4:43) paskins that for strudel (fruit-filled pastry), one who would enjoy the pastry alone can make a Mezonos on the pastry followed by a Ha’eitz on the fruit. Similarly, for ice-cream wafers, if one would enjoy the wafer alone, one can make a Mezonos followed by a Shehakol. Rav Moshe explains that many people enjoy the Mezonos part alone, thereby warranting a separate bracha for those who desire the Mezonos part. Similarly, for cereal and milk, a bracha is also recited upon the milk if one would enjoy it independently of the cereal and drink it separately. Comparably, Rav Moshe paskins that chicken soup with k’neidel warrants only a Mezonos unless the chicken soup will be eaten separately from the k’neidel. </ref> | ||
===Bracha Achrona=== | |||
# Making the bracha achrona for the ikar exempts the tofel from its bracha achrona as long as one ate a kezayit of the ikar.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 212:1</ref> | |||
# However, if one didn't eat a kezayit of the ikar and one did a kezayit of the tofel one should recite the bracha achrona on the tofel.<ref>Halacha Brurah 212:13, Vezot Habracha p. 89</ref> | |||
# The tofel is exempt from its bracha achrona even if it is less significant bracha achrona.<ref>Halacha Brurah 212:12 writes that a bracha achrona on the tofel exempts the ikar even if the bracha achrona on the ikar is more significant such as if the tofel requires a mein shalosh and the ikar only requires a boreh nefashot. Igrot Moshe 4:42 implies the same.</ref> | |||
==Foods Made With One of the Five Grains== | ==Foods Made With One of the Five Grains== | ||
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# If [[mezonot]] is used as an absolute tofel, the [[mezonot]] is covered by the Ikar. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 108, chapter 12), VeTen Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner, chapter 4, pg 61) </ref> | # If [[mezonot]] is used as an absolute tofel, the [[mezonot]] is covered by the Ikar. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 108, chapter 12), VeTen Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner, chapter 4, pg 61) </ref> | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
# For example, one who drank bitter liquor and wants to remove the bad taste | # For example, one who drank bitter liquor and wants to remove the bad taste by eating bread should make a Bracha on the liquor and no Bracha is needed for the bread. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 212:1, Vezot HaBracha (pg 89, chapter 11) </ref> However, since it’s difficult to determine whether one is eating the bread just in order to remove the bitter taste or also for the satiation in brings independently, one should avoid having bread or [[mezonot]] just to remove a bitter taste. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 212:5 in name of the Shlah, Vezot HaBracha (pg 89, chapter 11), Halachos of Brochos (pg 57, chapter 11) </ref> | ||
# If a person has bread with olive oil and the olive oil is considered ancillary the Bracha on the bread covers the olive oil. However, if one has a little bread with a lot of olive oil (which one is having in order to soothe one’s throat) which is one’s primary interest the Bracha on the olive oil (HaEtz) and it exempts the Bracha on the bread. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 202:28 </ref> | # If a person has bread with olive oil and the olive oil is considered ancillary the Bracha on the bread covers the olive oil. However, if one has a little bread with a lot of olive oil (which one is having in order to soothe one’s throat) which is one’s primary interest the Bracha on the olive oil (HaEtz) and it exempts the Bracha on the bread. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 202:28 </ref> | ||
# If one eats pickles or olives in order to whet one’s apittite for a meal (that’s one is not having bread), the main food such as meat is Ikar and the olive and pickles are Tofel. To avoid a dispute, one should eat a little of the meat first in order that it cover the pickles or olives. <Ref> Halachos of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, chapter 4, pg 56) </ref> | # If one eats pickles or olives in order to whet one’s apittite for a meal (that’s one is not having bread), the main food such as meat is Ikar and the olive and pickles are Tofel. To avoid a dispute, one should eat a little of the meat first in order that it cover the pickles or olives. <Ref> Halachos of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, chapter 4, pg 56) </ref> | ||
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# For an ice cream sandwich, 2 [[brochot]] are required ([[mezonot]] and [[shehakol]]) in the usual case where one’s intent is both for the ice cream and for the cookie. <Ref> VeTen Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, pg 72, chapter 4), Vezot HaBracha (pg 92, chapter 11).</ref> Some say it is just mezonot.<ref> Shevet Halevi 7:27:6 writes that the bracha on an ice cream cake with ice cream between two layers of cake or a ice cream sandwich the bracha is mezonot. He explains that even the cake and the ice cream aren't cooked together and according to Mishna Brurah 168:45 one should make two brachot, this is different than the Mishna Brurah since here the ice cream is a filling for the sandwich or cake and not a topping. If the ice cream would be a thick layer on top of a mezonot then one should make two brachot but since the ice cream is just a filling and there's two layers of mezonot the bracha is mezonot on everything.</ref> | # For an ice cream sandwich, 2 [[brochot]] are required ([[mezonot]] and [[shehakol]]) in the usual case where one’s intent is both for the ice cream and for the cookie. <Ref> VeTen Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, pg 72, chapter 4), Vezot HaBracha (pg 92, chapter 11).</ref> Some say it is just mezonot.<ref> Shevet Halevi 7:27:6 writes that the bracha on an ice cream cake with ice cream between two layers of cake or a ice cream sandwich the bracha is mezonot. He explains that even the cake and the ice cream aren't cooked together and according to Mishna Brurah 168:45 one should make two brachot, this is different than the Mishna Brurah since here the ice cream is a filling for the sandwich or cake and not a topping. If the ice cream would be a thick layer on top of a mezonot then one should make two brachot but since the ice cream is just a filling and there's two layers of mezonot the bracha is mezonot on everything.</ref> | ||
# For chocolate cream pie, if one eats it as a regular pie and the cream enhances dough, then only [[Mezonot]] is needed. However, if one is just as much for the cream as for the pie, then two [[Brachot]] ([[Mezonot]] and [[Shehakol]]) are required. <ref>Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, Handbook pg 27) </ref> | # For chocolate cream pie, if one eats it as a regular pie and the cream enhances dough, then only [[Mezonot]] is needed. However, if one is just as much for the cream as for the pie, then two [[Brachot]] ([[Mezonot]] and [[Shehakol]]) are required. <ref>Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, Handbook pg 27) </ref> | ||
# For “Crembo” which is an Israeli candy that has a significant amount of cream on a biscuit and requires two [[brochot]] ([[Mezonot]] and [[Shehakol]]) in the usual case where the where the biscuit only adds some taste. In this case one should separate the biscuit make a Bracha on it, and then make a [[Shehakol]] on the cream. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 396, 93) </ref> | # For “Crembo” which is an Israeli candy that has a significant amount of cream on a biscuit and requires two [[brochot]] ([[Mezonot]] and [[Shehakol]]) in the usual case where the where the biscuit only adds some taste. In this case one should separate the biscuit make a Bracha on it, and then make a [[Shehakol]] on the cream. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 396, 93), [http://halachayomit.co.il/he/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=1366 HalachaYomit.co.il] </ref> Sephardim hold that one should just recite Shehakol and that covers everything.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 212:4 (Yalkut Yosef Brachot p. 531, Yabia Omer 7:33)</ref> | ||
# For cereal and milk, the only Bracha required is for the cereal in the usual case where one has the milk to enhance the cereal. However, if one adds milk because one is thirsty and one’s primary intent is for the cereal and also for the milk, then two [[brochot]] are needed. <Ref> Halachos of Brochos (pg 72, chapter 4, Rabbi Pinchas Bodner), Vezot HaBracha (pg 199, chapter 22), Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 4:43 </ref> | # For cereal and milk, the only Bracha required is for the cereal in the usual case where one has the milk to enhance the cereal. However, if one adds milk because one is thirsty and one’s primary intent is for the cereal and also for the milk, then two [[brochot]] are needed. <Ref> Halachos of Brochos (pg 72, chapter 4, Rabbi Pinchas Bodner), Vezot HaBracha (pg 199, chapter 22), Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 4:43 </ref> | ||
##If there’s left over milk, no new Bracha is needed. However, if a significant amount of leftover milk after finishing the cereal and one drinks the milk in a cup, then a new Bracha is needed. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 95, chapter 11) </ref> | ##If there’s left over milk, no new Bracha is needed. However, if a significant amount of leftover milk after finishing the cereal and one drinks the milk in a cup, then a new Bracha is needed. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 95, chapter 11) </ref> | ||
# Fruit cocktail is considered one mixture, if the majority is HaEtz fruits, then the Bracha is HaEtz, and if the majority is HaAdama fruit, the Bracha is HaAdama. <Ref> Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, | # Fruit cocktail is considered one mixture, if the majority is HaEtz fruits, then the Bracha is HaEtz, and if the majority is HaAdama fruit, the Bracha is HaAdama. <Ref> Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, chapter 4, pg 62, Handbook pg 44) </ref> | ||
====Salad==== | ====Salad==== | ||
# Salad which is mixed up with vegetables has the bracha as the majority item. If the majority of the ingredients are haadama, the bracha is haadama and if the majority is haetz the bracha is haetz. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (p. 93) citing Rav Elyashiv and Rav Shlomo Zalman</ref> | # Salad which is mixed up with vegetables has the bracha as the majority item. If the majority of the ingredients are haadama, the bracha is haadama and if the majority is haetz the bracha is haetz. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (p. 93) citing Rav Elyashiv and Rav Shlomo Zalman</ref> | ||
