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##If there were ''pasi biraot'' surrounding the city, according to the rabbanan, according to the Bet Efraim, the entire town is a reshut hayachid and a tzurat hapetach eruv works. Avnei Nezer accepted this, but Mishkenot Yakov and Chazon Ish reject this concept for different reasons. | ##If there were ''pasi biraot'' surrounding the city, according to the rabbanan, according to the Bet Efraim, the entire town is a reshut hayachid and a tzurat hapetach eruv works. Avnei Nezer accepted this, but Mishkenot Yakov and Chazon Ish reject this concept for different reasons. | ||
## If there are ''omed merubeh'' walls around a city, according to rabbanan, according to the Chazon Ish, the entire city is a reshut hayachid and a tzurat hapetach eruv works. Bet Efraim and Mishkenot Yakov dispute this understanding even in rabbanan. Rav Moshe Feinstein,<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 5:28:3) explained that omed merubeh doesn't work to enclose a street if the walls, such as building walls, were made to allow public traffic to go through.</ref> Rav Aharon Kotler,<Ref>Mishnat Rebbe Aharon 6 explains that omed merubeh can't be constructed from different parts of houses and street walls because omed merubeh can't connect two walls that cross a reshut harabbim, or even a break more than 10 amot. </ref> and Rav Yisrael Belsky<Ref>Rav Belsky (Shulchan Halevi ch. 11) held that omed merubeh can't be made up of disparate pieces of a few houses, buildings, fences, etc since each of them are different entities and not seen as one omed merubeh wall.</ref> undermine Chazon Ish's position because walls constructed from buildings and other partitions with streets between them are considered ''omed merubeh''. | ## If there are ''omed merubeh'' walls around a city, according to rabbanan, according to the Chazon Ish, the entire city is a reshut hayachid and a tzurat hapetach eruv works. Bet Efraim and Mishkenot Yakov dispute this understanding even in rabbanan. Rav Moshe Feinstein,<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 5:28:3) explained that omed merubeh doesn't work to enclose a street if the walls, such as building walls, were made to allow public traffic to go through.</ref> Rav Aharon Kotler,<Ref>Mishnat Rebbe Aharon 6 explains that omed merubeh can't be constructed from different parts of houses and street walls because omed merubeh can't connect two walls that cross a reshut harabbim, or even a break more than 10 amot. </ref> and Rav Yisrael Belsky<Ref>Rav Belsky (Shulchan Halevi ch. 11) held that omed merubeh can't be made up of disparate pieces of a few houses, buildings, fences, etc since each of them are different entities and not seen as one omed merubeh wall.</ref> undermine Chazon Ish's position because walls constructed from buildings and other partitions with streets between them are considered ''omed merubeh''. | ||
## If an eruv is made completely of tzurot hapetach, according to the rabbanan, according to the Mishna Brurah,<ref>Biur Halacha 364:2 s.v. vachar</ref> the eruv is valid mdeoritta.<ref>[http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2011/08/arichas-shulchan-halevi-rejoinder-to.html Arichat Shulchan Halevi 1] collects several achronim who think that tzurat hapetach works to enclose a reshut harabbim mdeoritta: Pri Megadim (Rosh Yosef Shabbat 6b), Shulchan Aruch Harav 364:4, Rav Chaim Volozhin (Nishmat Chaim), Geon Yakov (Eruvin 11a), Tzemech Tzedek (end of ch. 5), Eshel Avraham 345), Yeshuot Malko (OC 21), Avnei Nezer 273:16, 279:2, 289:2, Aruch Hashulchan 364:1, and Levush Mordechai OC 4.</ref> Mishkenot Yakov, Bet Efraim,<ref>Bet Efraim 27 s.v. v'ata avo</ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein,<Ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:139 requires doors where there is a reshut harabbim or even a karmelit with a lot of people traveling.</ref> and Chazon Ish<ref>Chazon Ish OC 74:4</ref> argue even within rabbanan. | ## If an eruv is made completely of tzurot hapetach, according to the rabbanan, according to the Mishna Brurah,<ref>Biur Halacha 364:2 s.v. vachar</ref> the eruv is valid mdeoritta.<ref>[http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2011/08/arichas-shulchan-halevi-rejoinder-to.html Arichat Shulchan Halevi 1] collects several achronim who think that tzurat hapetach works to enclose a reshut harabbim mdeoritta: Pri Megadim (Rosh Yosef Shabbat 6b), Shulchan Aruch Harav 364:4, Rav Chaim Volozhin (Nishmat Chaim), Geon Yakov (Eruvin 11a), Tzemech Tzedek (end of ch. 5), Eshel Avraham 345), Yeshuot Malko (OC 21), Avnei Nezer 273:16, 279:2, 289:2, Aruch Hashulchan 364:1, and Levush Mordechai OC 4.</ref> Mishkenot Yakov,<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1095&pgnum=127 Mishkenot Yakov OC 121 s.v. vgam]. In [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1095&pgnum=129 Mishkenot Yakov OC 121 s.v. vyesh] he quotes that Rashi, Rav, Rif, Rosh, Baal Hamoer, Ramban, Rabbenu Efraim, Ritva, Smag, Smak, Raavan, Ri, Maharam, Rashba, Rivash, Ran, Tur, and Shulchan Aruch who hold that to enclose a reshut harabbim doors that close are necessary.</ref> Bet Efraim,<ref>Bet Efraim 27 s.v. v'ata avo</ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein,<Ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:139 requires doors where there is a reshut harabbim or even a karmelit with a lot of people traveling.</ref> and Chazon Ish<ref>Chazon Ish OC 74:4</ref> argue even within rabbanan. | ||
====Does Reshut Harabbim Depend on a Population of 600,000?==== | ====Does Reshut Harabbim Depend on a Population of 600,000?==== | ||
#According to Rashi, a perquisite for a reshut rabbim is that it has a population of 600,000. A slight majority of rishonim accept this position, however, many formidable rishonim disagree.<ref>Bet Efraim counts 25 rishonim who agree with Rashi. See [http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2011/08/arichas-shulchan-halevi-rejoinder-to.html Arichat Shulchan Halevi 1] who counts 42 rishonim who agree with Rashi.</ref> Shulchan Aruch, Chida, and Sephardim generally are strict for this view, however, there is what to rely upon even for Sephardim to rely on Rashi.<Ref>Yabia Omer OC 9:33</ref> For Ashkenazim, however, Rama, Magen Avraham, and Taz accept Rashi. While Mishkenot Yakov rejects Rashi's view, Bet Efraim confirms Rashi's opinion. Rav Chaim Volozhin and Rav Moshe Feinstein accepted the minhag to rely on Rashi. Mishna Brurah writes that although no one should protest those who rely on Rashi, someone who is careful in halacha should privately be strict. Chazon Ish, Rav Aharon Kotler,<ref>[http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2022/01/part-5-truth-regarding-rt-9-and-eruv-in.html eruvonline.blogspot.com] quotes Rav Aharon as not relying on Rashi's opinion to require 600,000. It might also be implied in Mishnat Rebbe Aharon 6 where he quotes the Mishna Brurah as holding that majority of rishonim disagree with Rashi.</ref> and Rav Belsky<ref>Shulchan Halevi 11</ref> were also strict. | #According to Rashi, a perquisite for a reshut rabbim is that it has a population of 600,000. A slight majority of rishonim accept this position, however, many formidable rishonim disagree.<ref>Bet Efraim counts 25 rishonim who agree with Rashi. See [http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2011/08/arichas-shulchan-halevi-rejoinder-to.html Arichat Shulchan Halevi 1] who counts 42 rishonim who agree with Rashi.</ref> Shulchan Aruch, Chida, and Sephardim generally are strict for this view, however, there is what to rely upon even for Sephardim to rely on Rashi.<Ref>Yabia Omer OC 9:33</ref> For Ashkenazim, however, Rama, Magen Avraham, and Taz accept Rashi. While Mishkenot Yakov rejects Rashi's view, Bet Efraim confirms Rashi's opinion. Rav Chaim Volozhin and Rav Moshe Feinstein accepted the minhag to rely on Rashi. Mishna Brurah writes that although no one should protest those who rely on Rashi, someone who is careful in halacha should privately be strict. Chazon Ish, Rav Aharon Kotler,<ref>[http://eruvonline.blogspot.com/2022/01/part-5-truth-regarding-rt-9-and-eruv-in.html eruvonline.blogspot.com] quotes Rav Aharon as not relying on Rashi's opinion to require 600,000. It might also be implied in Mishnat Rebbe Aharon 6 where he quotes the Mishna Brurah as holding that majority of rishonim disagree with Rashi.</ref> and Rav Belsky<ref>Shulchan Halevi 11</ref> were also strict. | ||
