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Hotzaah: Difference between revisions
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==Definition of the 4 domains== | ==Definition of the 4 domains== | ||
# There | # There are 4 categories of domains on Shabbat: the Reshut HaRabim (private domain), Reshut HaYachid (public domain), intermediate area (Karmelit), and exempt area (Makom Patur).<ref>S"A 345:1, Kitzur S"A 81:1</ref> | ||
# A Reshut HaYachid is defined as an area of at least 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] surrounded by walls of at least 10 [[Tefachim]]. This includes a pit which is 4x4 [[Tefachim]] with walls of 10 [[Tefachim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:2</ref> | # A Reshut HaYachid is defined as an area of at least 4 [[Tefachim]] by 4 [[Tefachim]] surrounded by walls of at least 10 [[Tefachim]]. This includes a pit which is 4x4 [[Tefachim]] with walls of 10 [[Tefachim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 81:2</ref> | ||
# A Reshut HaRabim is defined as a street which is 16 [[amot]] wide. Some say that if there's not 600,000 people passing through it daily it's not a Reshut HaRabim. <ref>Kitzur S"A 81:3</ref> | # A Reshut HaRabim is defined as a street which is 16 [[amot]] wide. Some say that if there's not 600,000 people passing through it daily it's not a Reshut HaRabim. <ref>Kitzur S"A 81:3</ref> | ||
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# It is forbidden to carry from Reshut HaYachid to Reshut HaRabim or a Karmelit, from a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit to a Reshut HaYachid, from Reshut HaRabim to a Karmelit, or from a Karmelit to a Reshut HaRabim. It is permissible to carry from a Makom Patur to a Reshut HaYchid, Reshut HaRabim, or Karmelit and from these areas to a Makom Patur as long as one doesn't carry 4 [[amot]] in a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:2</ref> | # It is forbidden to carry from Reshut HaYachid to Reshut HaRabim or a Karmelit, from a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit to a Reshut HaYachid, from Reshut HaRabim to a Karmelit, or from a Karmelit to a Reshut HaRabim. It is permissible to carry from a Makom Patur to a Reshut HaYchid, Reshut HaRabim, or Karmelit and from these areas to a Makom Patur as long as one doesn't carry 4 [[amot]] in a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:2</ref> | ||
# Because there are a lot of detailed and complicated halachot in defining these 4 domains, in a city where there's no Eruv, someone who isn't an expert shouldn't carry into another domain unless one knows for certain that it's permissible.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:2</ref> | # Because there are a lot of detailed and complicated halachot in defining these 4 domains, in a city where there's no Eruv, someone who isn't an expert shouldn't carry into another domain unless one knows for certain that it's permissible.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:2</ref> | ||
# It is permitted to carry from a private or public domain to an exempt area or from an exempt area to a private or public domain. However, one may not carrying from a private domain to a public domain through an exempt area or visa versa. Similarly, one may not stand in an exempt area and transfer an item from a private domain to a public domain via the exempt area or visa versa. <ref>S"A 346:1</ref> | |||
# There is a dispute whether it is permitted to stand in an exempt area and transfer an item from a private domain to a Karmelit or visa versa. Similarly, there is a dispute whether it is permitted to carry from a private domain to a Karmelit or Karmelit to a private domain via an exempt area. Many poskim write that one should be strict about this case. <ref>S"A 346:1 quotes two opinions on the matter. Birkei Yosef 346:1 explains that S"A rules like the lenient opinion. The Rama 372:6 is strict on the matter. Kaf Hachaim 346:17 writes that one should be strict in order to satisfy both opinions quoted in Shulchan Aruch, however, if the item was placed down in the exempt area before being transferred there is room to be lenient. </ref> | |||
==Defining the act of carrying== | ==Defining the act of carrying== | ||
# Picking up an object is called Akirah and putting it down is called Hanacha. Both of these actions are forbidden. Therefore, one may not give an object to a non-Jew who will carry from a Reshut HaYachid to a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit because in that case the Jew will have done the Akirah, rather the non-Jew should pick up the object himself. Similarly, if a non-Jew brings something from one domain to another, the Jew shouldn't take it from his hand because if he did the Jew will have violated Hanacha, rather the non-Jew should put it down.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:3</ref> | # Picking up an object is called Akirah and putting it down is called Hanacha. Both of these actions are forbidden. Therefore, one may not give an object to a non-Jew who will carry from a Reshut HaYachid to a Reshut HaRabim or Karmelit because in that case the Jew will have done the Akirah, rather the non-Jew should pick up the object himself. Similarly, if a non-Jew brings something from one domain to another, the Jew shouldn't take it from his hand because if he did the Jew will have violated Hanacha, rather the non-Jew should put it down.<ref>Kitzur S"A 82:3</ref> | ||
