Hotzaah: Difference between revisions
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One of the 39 Melachot which one is prohibited to do on [[Shabbat]] is [[Hotzah]], [[carrying]] from one domain to another. In general, one may not carry from a public domain to a private one, or visa versa. Additionally, one may not carry 4 [[amot]] in a public domain.<ref>The first Mishna in Maseches Shabbos explains that there is an issur deoraisa for a person to take an object from a reshus hayachid on Shabbos and place the object into a reshus harabim or vise versa. One who does so has violated Hotzah. There is also a rabbinic prohibition to do half of the melacha, by either picking up the object (akira) in order to transfer it or to place it done (hanacha) after it has been transferred. The Gemara (Shabbos 4a) indicates that akira and hanacha are only prohibited if the object is placed or removed from a platform of four by four tefachim. Interestingly, the Gemara (5a) states that a person’s hand is treated as if it is four by four tefachim.</ref> The definition of these domains and the exceptions under which a person may carry are described below. For a broader perspective about [[carrying on Shabbat]] and the modern Eruv, see our [[Introduction to the Modern Eruv]]. | One of the 39 Melachot which one is prohibited to do on [[Shabbat]] is [[Hotzah]], [[carrying]] from one domain to another. In general, one may not carry from a public domain to a private one, or visa versa. Additionally, one may not carry 4 [[amot]] in a public domain.<ref>The first Mishna in Maseches Shabbos explains that there is an issur deoraisa for a person to take an object from a reshus hayachid on Shabbos and place the object into a reshus harabim or vise versa. One who does so has violated Hotzah. There is also a rabbinic prohibition to do half of the melacha, by either picking up the object (akira) in order to transfer it or to place it done (hanacha) after it has been transferred. The Gemara (Shabbos 4a) indicates that akira and hanacha are only prohibited if the object is placed or removed from a platform of four by four tefachim. Interestingly, the Gemara (5a) states that a person’s hand is treated as if it is four by four tefachim.</ref> The definition of these domains and the exceptions under which a person may carry are described below. For a broader perspective about [[carrying on Shabbat]] and the modern Eruv, see our [[Introduction to the Modern Eruv]]. | ||
Regarding wearing a protective mask outside without an Eruv see [[Halachot_Related_to_Coronavirus#Eruv_Tavshilin_and_Eruv_Chatzerot]]. | |||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
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#Plastic bags worn over one's shoes are not considered garments and should not be worn outside of an Eruv.<ref>Rav Simcha Bunim Cohen (The [[Shabbos]] Home, v. 1, p. 121) in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | #Plastic bags worn over one's shoes are not considered garments and should not be worn outside of an Eruv.<ref>Rav Simcha Bunim Cohen (The [[Shabbos]] Home, v. 1, p. 121) in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | ||
#On Shabbat, some posking permit one to walk outside an eruv with a coat worn over his shoulders, without his arms in the sleeves, where that is a normal mode of wearing a coat. This is considered "wearing" it, not carrying it. There is an | #On Shabbat, some posking permit one to walk outside an eruv with a coat worn over his shoulders, without his arms in the sleeves, where that is a normal mode of wearing a coat. This is considered "wearing" it, not carrying it. There is an additional concern that it might fall off and then you might carry it.<ref>Rivivot Ephraim 1:223:14 </ref><ref>Or Letzion 2:23:7</ref> | ||
#One may put a shoe insert into a shoe and wear it outside of the eruv on Shabbat to make the shoe wearable since it is considered part of the shoe.<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:225 </ref> | #One may put a shoe insert into a shoe and wear it outside of the eruv on Shabbat to make the shoe wearable since it is considered part of the shoe.<ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:225 </ref> | ||
# To wear a sticker with a name on it on the inside of a hat isn't considered carrying on Shabbat.<ref>Or Yitzchak 1:126</ref> | |||
==Wearing a Key== | ==Wearing a Key== | ||
