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Havinenu: Difference between revisions
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==Basics== | ==Basics== | ||
# | # In the times of the gemara, in cases of great need such as (1) if one is traveling or in any other place where there is a fear that others will interrupt one's Shemona Esreh, or (2) if one is in a place where one can’t concentrate because of distractions or sickness, one should say an abridged Shemona Esreh of the first and last three Brachot of Shemona Esreh and an alternate text for the middle of Shemona Esreh called Havinenu (הבינינו). <Ref> | ||
* The Mishna (Brachot 28b) quotes a dispute where Rabban Gamliel says that every day a person should say Shemona Esreh, Rabbi Yehoshua says that one can say an abridged Shemona Esreh, and Rabbi Akiva says that only one who is unfamiliar with the words of Shemona Esreh should say the abridged Shemona Esreh. The Gemara (29a) quotes a dispute as to the meaning of an abridged Shemona Esreh, Rav saying it means an abridgement of all 19 Brachot, and Shmuel saying it means Havinenu. Rashi (Brachot 29a D”H Havinenu) says that Shmuel means that one should say the first and last three Brachot as usual and the middle 13 Brachot are abridged to be one Bracha. | * The Mishna (Brachot 28b) quotes a dispute where Rabban Gamliel says that every day a person should say Shemona Esreh, Rabbi Yehoshua says that one can say an abridged Shemona Esreh, and Rabbi Akiva says that only one who is unfamiliar with the words of Shemona Esreh should say the abridged Shemona Esreh. The Gemara (29a) quotes a dispute as to the meaning of an abridged Shemona Esreh, Rav saying it means an abridgement of all 19 Brachot, and Shmuel saying it means Havinenu. Rashi (Brachot 29a D”H Havinenu) says that Shmuel means that one should say the first and last three Brachot as usual and the middle 13 Brachot are abridged to be one Bracha. | ||
* Which tanna of the Mishna does the halacha follow? The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva. The Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 2:2) writes that we hold like Rabbi Akiva (because of the general rule that we hold like Rabbi Akiva over his college and even though we don’t hold like Rabbi Akiva when he argues on a number of his colleges here Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua disagree it’s like he is arguing over individual opinions). | * Which tanna of the Mishna does the halacha follow? The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva. The Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 2:2) writes that we hold like Rabbi Akiva (because of the general rule that we hold like Rabbi Akiva over his college and even though we don’t hold like Rabbi Akiva when he argues on a number of his colleges here Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua disagree it’s like he is arguing over individual opinions). | ||
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* The Gemara (Brachot 29a) records Abaye’s resentment for those who said Havinenu because they would be skipping over the brachas instituted for Shemona Esreh (Rashi D”H Layit). Tosfot (29a D”H Layit) writes that the halacha follows Abaye that one shouldn’t say Havinenu. However, Tosfot concludes that in some versions Abaye only expressed resentment for those who said it in the city but it’s permissible to say it while traveling. This is also the opinion of Tosfot earlier on 3a (D”H Haya). [It’s unclear whether Tosfot means someone who is traveling specifically or any extenuating circumstance; see Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 110:1) who quotes other Rishonim who emphasize traveling specifically. Nonetheless, the Bet Yosef 110:1 quotes Tosfot and then writes that since the Rif, Rosh, and Rambam agree that one can say it in Shaat HaDachak that’s the halacha (which seems to imply that it’s a separate approach).] | * The Gemara (Brachot 29a) records Abaye’s resentment for those who said Havinenu because they would be skipping over the brachas instituted for Shemona Esreh (Rashi D”H Layit). Tosfot (29a D”H Layit) writes that the halacha follows Abaye that one shouldn’t say Havinenu. However, Tosfot concludes that in some versions Abaye only expressed resentment for those who said it in the city but it’s permissible to say it while traveling. This is also the opinion of Tosfot earlier on 3a (D”H Haya). [It’s unclear whether Tosfot means someone who is traveling specifically or any extenuating circumstance; see Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 110:1) who quotes other Rishonim who emphasize traveling specifically. Nonetheless, the Bet Yosef 110:1 quotes Tosfot and then writes that since the Rif, Rosh, and Rambam agree that one can say it in Shaat HaDachak that’s the halacha (which seems to imply that it’s a separate approach).] | ||
* The Rif (Brachot 19b) writes that Havinenu could only be said in cases of Shaat HaDachak (extenuating circumstances). This is also the opinion of the Rosh (Brachot 4:13), and Rambam (Tefillah 2:2, according to the Bet Yosef 110:1). | * The Rif (Brachot 19b) writes that Havinenu could only be said in cases of Shaat HaDachak (extenuating circumstances). This is also the opinion of the Rosh (Brachot 4:13), and Rambam (Tefillah 2:2, according to the Bet Yosef 110:1). | ||
* What’s the bottom line? The S”A 110:1 rules like the simple understanding of the Rif that one should only say Havinenu in cases of Shaat HaDachak. </ref> | * What’s the bottom line? The S”A 110:1 rules like the simple understanding of the Rif that one should only say Havinenu in cases of Shaat HaDachak. The S"A 110:1 (according to the explanation of the Mishna Brurah 110:2 and Biur Halacha D"H Oh Shelo) gives two examples as to when one may say Havinenu: (1) if one is traveling or in any other place where there is a fear that others will interrupt one's Shemona Esreh, or (2) if one is in a place where one can’t concentrate because of distractions or sickness. </ref> | ||
===The practice nowadays=== | ===The practice nowadays=== | ||
# Nowadays the authorities agree that one should not say Havinenu (an abridged Shemona Esreh) but rather one should always say Havinenu. <Ref>Buir Halacha 110:1 D”H Oh Shelo, Aruch HaShulchan 110:6, Kaf HaChaim 110:5, Halacha Brurah 110:5 </ref> | # Nowadays the authorities agree that one should not say Havinenu (an abridged Shemona Esreh) but rather one should always say Havinenu. <Ref>Buir Halacha 110:1 D”H Oh Shelo, Aruch HaShulchan 110:6, Kaf HaChaim 110:5, Halacha Brurah 110:5 </ref> | ||
