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Havinenu: Difference between revisions
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==Basics== | ==Basics== | ||
# In the times of the gemara, in cases of great need one should say an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]] called Havinenu. <ref name="havinenu"> | # In the times of the gemara, in cases of great need one should say an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]] called Havinenu. <ref name="havinenu"> | ||
* The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 28b) quotes a dispute where Rabban Gamliel says that every day a person should say [[Shemoneh Esrei]], Rabbi Yehoshua says that one can say an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]], and Rabbi Akiva says that only one who is unfamiliar with the words of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] should say the abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. The Gemara (29a) quotes a dispute as to the meaning of an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]], Rav saying it means an abridgment of all 19 [[Brachot]], and Shmuel saying it means Havinenu. Rashi ([[Brachot]] 29a | * The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 28b) quotes a dispute where Rabban Gamliel says that every day a person should say [[Shemoneh Esrei]], Rabbi Yehoshua says that one can say an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]], and Rabbi Akiva says that only one who is unfamiliar with the words of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] should say the abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. The Gemara (29a) quotes a dispute as to the meaning of an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]], Rav saying it means an abridgment of all 19 [[Brachot]], and Shmuel saying it means Havinenu. Rashi ([[Brachot]] 29a s.v. Havinenu) says that Shmuel means that one should say the first and last three [[Brachot]] as usual and the middle 13 [[Brachot]] are abridged to be one Bracha. | ||
* Which tanna of the Mishna does the halacha follow? The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva. The Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:2) writes that we hold like Rabbi Akiva (because of the general rule that we hold like Rabbi Akiva over his college and even though we don’t hold like Rabbi Akiva when he argues on a number of his colleges here Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua disagree it’s like he is arguing over individual opinions). | * Which tanna of the Mishna does the halacha follow? The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva. The Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:2) writes that we hold like Rabbi Akiva (because of the general rule that we hold like Rabbi Akiva over his college and even though we don’t hold like Rabbi Akiva when he argues on a number of his colleges here Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua disagree it’s like he is arguing over individual opinions). | ||
* What does Rabbi Akiva mean? Rav Ovadyah MeBartenuro ([[Brachot]] 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva and so if one is either unfamiliar with the words of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] or if one is in a situation of extenuating circumstances one may say Havinenu. However, the Meiri ([[Brachot]] 28b on Mishna) writes that the halacha is like Rabbi Akiva but explains that only if it’s a extenuating circumstance can one say Havinenu and Rabbi Akiva meant that if one isn’t familiar with [[Shemoneh Esrei]] enough to say it with kavana in such a extenuating circumstance one may say Havinenu. [It seems from the following paragraphs that the halacha follows the מאירי’s explanation of Rabbi Akiva.] | * What does Rabbi Akiva mean? Rav Ovadyah MeBartenuro ([[Brachot]] 4:3) writes that the halacha follows Rabbi Akiva and so if one is either unfamiliar with the words of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] or if one is in a situation of extenuating circumstances one may say Havinenu. However, the Meiri ([[Brachot]] 28b on Mishna) writes that the halacha is like Rabbi Akiva but explains that only if it’s a extenuating circumstance can one say Havinenu and Rabbi Akiva meant that if one isn’t familiar with [[Shemoneh Esrei]] enough to say it with kavana in such a extenuating circumstance one may say Havinenu. [It seems from the following paragraphs that the halacha follows the מאירי’s explanation of Rabbi Akiva.] | ||
* The Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:2) and Bet Yosef 110:1 write that from the fact that the Gemara continues to discuss Havinenu implies that we hold like Shmuel (and not Rav). | * The Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:2) and Bet Yosef 110:1 write that from the fact that the Gemara continues to discuss Havinenu implies that we hold like Shmuel (and not Rav). | ||
* The Gemara ([[Brachot]] 29a) records Abaye’s resentment for those who said Havinenu because they would be skipping over the brachas instituted for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] (Rashi | * The Gemara ([[Brachot]] 29a) records Abaye’s resentment for those who said Havinenu because they would be skipping over the brachas instituted for [[Shemoneh Esrei]] (Rashi s.v. Layit). Tosfot (29a s.v. Layit) writes that the halacha follows Abaye that one shouldn’t say Havinenu. However, Tosfot concludes that in some versions Abaye only expressed resentment for those who said it in the city but it’s permissible to say it while traveling. This is also the opinion of Tosfot earlier on 3a (D”H Haya). [It’s unclear whether Tosfot means someone who is traveling specifically or any extenuating circumstance; see Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 110:1) who quotes other Rishonim who emphasize traveling specifically. Nonetheless, the Bet Yosef 110:1 quotes Tosfot and then writes that since the Rif, Rosh, and Rambam agree that one can say it in Shaat HaDachak that’s the halacha (which seems to imply that it’s a separate approach).] | ||
* The Rif ([[Brachot]] 19b) writes that Havinenu could only be said in cases of Shaat HaDachak (extenuating circumstances). This is also the opinion of the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:13), and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 2:2, according to the Bet Yosef 110:1). | * The Rif ([[Brachot]] 19b) writes that Havinenu could only be said in cases of Shaat HaDachak (extenuating circumstances). This is also the opinion of the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:13), and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 2:2, according to the Bet Yosef 110:1). | ||
* What’s the bottom line? The S”A 110:1 rules like the simple understanding of the Rif that one should only say Havinenu in cases of Shaat HaDachak. The S"A 110:1 (according to the explanation of the Mishna Brurah 110:2 and Beiur Halacha s.v. Oh Shelo) gives two examples as to when one may say Havinenu: (1) if one is traveling or in any other place where there is a fear that others will interrupt one's [[Shemoneh Esrei]], or (2) if one is in a place where one can’t concentrate because of distractions or sickness. </ref> | * What’s the bottom line? The S”A 110:1 rules like the simple understanding of the Rif that one should only say Havinenu in cases of Shaat HaDachak. The S"A 110:1 (according to the explanation of the Mishna Brurah 110:2 and Beiur Halacha s.v. Oh Shelo) gives two examples as to when one may say Havinenu: (1) if one is traveling or in any other place where there is a fear that others will interrupt one's [[Shemoneh Esrei]], or (2) if one is in a place where one can’t concentrate because of distractions or sickness. </ref> | ||
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# Havinenu is made up of the first and last three [[Brachot]] of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and an alternate text for the middle of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref name="havinenu" /> | # Havinenu is made up of the first and last three [[Brachot]] of [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and an alternate text for the middle of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref name="havinenu" /> | ||
===The practice nowadays=== | ===The practice nowadays=== | ||
# Nowadays the authorities agree that one should not say Havinenu (an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]]) but rather one should always say the unabridged version of Shemona Esrei. <Ref>Buir Halacha 110:1 | # Nowadays the authorities agree that one should not say Havinenu (an abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]]) but rather one should always say the unabridged version of Shemona Esrei. <Ref>Buir Halacha 110:1 s.v. Oh Shelo, Aruch HaShulchan 110:6, Kaf HaChaim 110:5, Halacha Brurah 110:5 </ref> | ||
==How Havinenu is said== | ==How Havinenu is said== | ||
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# One may not say Havinenu during the winter (from Dec 4, outside Israel, or 7th of Cheshvan in Israel, until the second day of [[Pesach]]) nor on Motzei [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> | # One may not say Havinenu during the winter (from Dec 4, outside Israel, or 7th of Cheshvan in Israel, until the second day of [[Pesach]]) nor on Motzei [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> | ||
* In Gemara [[Brachot]] 29a, Rav Nachman in the name of Shmuel says that on Motzei [[Shabbat]] one may not say Havinenu because one has to add in the paragraph of [[Atta Chonantanu]] and that wasn’t instituted into the paragraph of Havinenu. Mar Zutra asks why one isn’t able to add a few words into Havinenu to represent the idea of Atta Choanantanu. The Gemara leaves it as a question. | * In Gemara [[Brachot]] 29a, Rav Nachman in the name of Shmuel says that on Motzei [[Shabbat]] one may not say Havinenu because one has to add in the paragraph of [[Atta Chonantanu]] and that wasn’t instituted into the paragraph of Havinenu. Mar Zutra asks why one isn’t able to add a few words into Havinenu to represent the idea of Atta Choanantanu. The Gemara leaves it as a question. | ||
* The Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 19a | * The Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 19a s.v. Mipnei) writes that even though the Gemara left it as a question it’s not a rejection and we indeed hold like Shmuel and perhaps one could answer that had we added a few words to represent [[Atta Chonantanu]] people would have come to think mistakenly that [[Atta Chonantanu]] is considered a Bracha by itself. The Rif 19a, Rosh 4:13, Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 2:4), Rashba ([[Brachot]] 29a s.v. Matkif) in name of Rav Hai Goan, and the Tur rule like Shmuel against the Rashba (his own opinion) and the Ri Ben Gayit (quoted in the Bet Yosef 110:1) who ruled like Mar Zutra. The S”A 110:1 codifies the halacha like Shmuel that one may not say Havinenu on Motzei [[Shabbat]]. | ||
* Rav Bibi Bar Abaye says that one may not say Havinenu during the winter months because one has to add in the request of rain. Mar Zutra asked why one can’t add this request into Havinenu and the Gemara answers that there’s a concern that one will make a mistake and forget to add it in. [The Gemara says that this is different than [[Atta Chonantanu]] which is in the beginning of Havinenu and there’s no concern that one will forget. Additionally, the Bet Yosef 110:1 explains that this isn’t a concern when saying the full [[Shemoneh Esrei]], but only when saying the abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]] there is a concern that one will skip the few words which represent this addition.] | * Rav Bibi Bar Abaye says that one may not say Havinenu during the winter months because one has to add in the request of rain. Mar Zutra asked why one can’t add this request into Havinenu and the Gemara answers that there’s a concern that one will make a mistake and forget to add it in. [The Gemara says that this is different than [[Atta Chonantanu]] which is in the beginning of Havinenu and there’s no concern that one will forget. Additionally, the Bet Yosef 110:1 explains that this isn’t a concern when saying the full [[Shemoneh Esrei]], but only when saying the abridged [[Shemoneh Esrei]] there is a concern that one will skip the few words which represent this addition.] | ||
* The Rabben Manoach ([[Tefillah]] 2:4) writes that if one is certain that one is able to say this addition then one may say Havinenu. However, the Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:4) writes that there’s no other Rishon who holds like the Rabbenu Manoach. | * The Rabben Manoach ([[Tefillah]] 2:4) writes that if one is certain that one is able to say this addition then one may say Havinenu. However, the Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 2:4) writes that there’s no other Rishon who holds like the Rabbenu Manoach. | ||
