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Havdalah: Difference between revisions
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# After [[Yom Tov]], which is followed by a regular weekday or a day of [[Chol HaMoed]], one should say Havdalah. However, if a [[Yom Tov]] is followed by a [[Shabbat]], there is no Havdalah. <ref>Mishna Chullin 26b, Gemara [[Shabbat]] 114b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 5:21 and 29:18, S"A 491:1</ref> | # After [[Yom Tov]], which is followed by a regular weekday or a day of [[Chol HaMoed]], one should say Havdalah. However, if a [[Yom Tov]] is followed by a [[Shabbat]], there is no Havdalah. <ref>Mishna Chullin 26b, Gemara [[Shabbat]] 114b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 5:21 and 29:18, S"A 491:1</ref> | ||
# Havdalah at the end of [[Yom Tov]] only consists of the Bracha of HaMavdil and there is no bracha of [[Besamim]] or Ner. <ref>S"A 491:1, Mishna Brurah 491:1</ref> | # Havdalah at the end of [[Yom Tov]] only consists of the Bracha of HaMavdil and there is no bracha of [[Besamim]] or Ner. <ref>S"A 491:1, Mishna Brurah 491:1</ref> | ||
==Who is Obligated== | |||
===Women=== | |||
There's a dispute whether women are obligated in Havdalah. | |||
# Nonetheless, according to Sephardim women may make the it for themselves. <ref> Sh"t Yechave Daat 4:27. Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) writes that the Havdalah is a positive command just like [[Kiddish]]. [[Maggid]] Mishna (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:1) implies from the Rambam that women are obligated in Havdalah just like they are obligated in [[Kiddish]]. [[Maggid]] Mishna suggests that even according to those who argue on the Rambam, women can be obligated if the rabbis instituted Havdalah to be just like [[Kiddish]]. Orchot Chaim (Hilchot Havdalah 18; quoted by Bet Yosef 296:8) writes that because there's a dispute whether women are obligated women shouldn't make Havdalah for themselves. Nonetheless, S"A 296:8 rules as Stam (anonymous opinion) that women are obligated in Havdalah. </ref> | |||
# Some Ashkenazim hold that women should not recite [[Havadalah]] for themselves, while many others say that if a woman can not find someone to hear Havdalah from, she should recite Havdalah for herself. <ref> The Rama 296:8 states that women shouldn't recite Havdalah for themselves. The Bach argues that for Ashkenazim there is an additional reason to permit women to make the bracha considering that Ashkenazim allow one to make a bracha even for Mitzvot that one is not obligated in such as [[lulav]]. Magen Avraham 296:11 agrees. Mishna Brurah 296:35 concludes that a woman should not recite Havdalah for herself unless she can't find someone to hear Havdalah from. In 296:36 he writes that certainly a woman should recite it for herself if she can't find someone else to recite for her, or the only person available to say it for her already fulfilled his obligation. See [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/740210/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Havdalah_for_Women audio shiur] by Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz.</ref> Some say that a woman can even say the beracha on the fire. <ref> Sh"t Iggerot Moshe CM 2:47:2, Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 14:43, Sh"t Yechave Daat 4:27 </ref> Others disagree. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchita 58:16 </ref> | |||
===Children=== | |||
# Once a child has reached the age of [[Chinuch]] (5 or 6) the parents should train him in hearing havdalah <ref> Dinei [[Chinuch]] Katan pg. 177 </ref> | |||
==Havdalah in Davening== | ==Havdalah in Davening== | ||
# See the [[Atta Chonantanu]] page. | # See the [[Atta Chonantanu]] page. | ||
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==Standing or Sitting for Havdalah== | ==Standing or Sitting for Havdalah== | ||
# According to Sephardim, one should sit during Havdalah. However, the Ashkenazic minhag is to stand during [[Havadalah]]. <ref> Tosfot 43a writes that to be included in [[Kiddish]] one should sit and then asks on those who stand during [[Havadalah]] because of the same issue. Therefore, S"A 296:6 rules that one should sit during Havdalah. However, Rama 296:6 and the Gra (Maaseh Rav pg 103, #150) write that the Ashkenazic practice is to stand for Havdalah. Mishna Brurah 296:27 explains that the reason for the Ashkenazic minhag is to escort the [[Shabbat]] queen out and escorting must be done standing. He adds that one can fulfill the obligation of others even when standing because everyone is assembled expressed for that purpose and has Kavana to fulfill their obligation. Rav Moshe Feinstein (Teshuva Siman 3 quoted in back of Radiance of [[Shabbos]]) writes that his personal minhag was to sit like his father's minhag but because of the rishonim who hold that one may stand one should not change one's minhag. | # According to Sephardim, one should sit during Havdalah. However, the Ashkenazic minhag is to stand during [[Havadalah]]. <ref> Tosfot 43a writes that to be included in [[Kiddish]] one should sit and then asks on those who stand during [[Havadalah]] because of the same issue. Therefore, S"A 296:6 rules that one should sit during Havdalah. However, Rama 296:6 and the Gra (Maaseh Rav pg 103, #150) write that the Ashkenazic practice is to stand for Havdalah. Mishna Brurah 296:27 explains that the reason for the Ashkenazic minhag is to escort the [[Shabbat]] queen out and escorting must be done standing. He adds that one can fulfill the obligation of others even when standing because everyone is assembled expressed for that purpose and has Kavana to fulfill their obligation. Rav Moshe Feinstein ([[Teshuva]] Siman 3 quoted in back of Radiance of [[Shabbos]]) writes that his personal minhag was to sit like his father's minhag but because of the rishonim who hold that one may stand one should not change one's minhag. </ref> | ||
==Doing work before making Havdalah== | ==Doing work before making Havdalah== | ||
