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Hachana: Difference between revisions
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* The Mishnah ([[Shabbat]] 113a) writes that one may fold clothing on [[Shabbat]]. Rashi (s.v. Afilu) limits this to where one is folding the clothes in order to wear them again that day. Tosfot (s.v. Mekaplin) infers that it would be forbidden to fold clothing that would be needed only after [[Shabbat]]. This is codified by the Rif 41b, Rambam 22:22, Rosh 15:2, Tur, and S”A 302:3. From this and other halachot, the poskim explain that in general there is a Rabbinic prohibition of preparing on [[Shabbat]] for the weekday (See Orchot [[Shabbat]] vol 2, p. 400). | * The Mishnah ([[Shabbat]] 113a) writes that one may fold clothing on [[Shabbat]]. Rashi (s.v. Afilu) limits this to where one is folding the clothes in order to wear them again that day. Tosfot (s.v. Mekaplin) infers that it would be forbidden to fold clothing that would be needed only after [[Shabbat]]. This is codified by the Rif 41b, Rambam 22:22, Rosh 15:2, Tur, and S”A 302:3. From this and other halachot, the poskim explain that in general there is a Rabbinic prohibition of preparing on [[Shabbat]] for the weekday (See Orchot [[Shabbat]] vol 2, p. 400). | ||
* In explaining the concept of Hachana, the Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 23:7) writes that cleaning dishes that one does not need to use on [[Shabbat]] is considered Metaken, whereas the Raavad argues that it is prohibited because it involves exerting effort for something that is needed during the week. Nonetheless, the [[Maggid]] Mishneh and Migdal Oz explain that the Rambam agrees with the Raavad and that his intention was that it is an issue of fixing the dishes for after [[Shabbat]]. Tzitz Eliezer 14:37 writes that this also is the opinion of Rashi.</ref> It is permitted to prepare on [[Shabbat]] for later on [[Shabbat]], and even for [[Tosefet Shabbat]] (the extension of [[Shabbat]]).<ref> Sh”t Minchat Shlomo 2:36:10 writes that there is no prohibition of preparing from [[Shabbat]] to [[Tosefet Shabbat]] because even [[Tosefet Shabbat]] is called “Yom HaShabbat HaGadol HaZeh” in Birkat Hamazon. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 2, p. 408) agrees. </ref> | * In explaining the concept of Hachana, the Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 23:7) writes that cleaning dishes that one does not need to use on [[Shabbat]] is considered Metaken, whereas the Raavad argues that it is prohibited because it involves exerting effort for something that is needed during the week. Nonetheless, the [[Maggid]] Mishneh and Migdal Oz explain that the Rambam agrees with the Raavad and that his intention was that it is an issue of fixing the dishes for after [[Shabbat]]. Tzitz Eliezer 14:37 writes that this also is the opinion of Rashi.</ref> It is permitted to prepare on [[Shabbat]] for later on [[Shabbat]], and even for [[Tosefet Shabbat]] (the extension of [[Shabbat]]).<ref> Sh”t Minchat Shlomo 2:36:10 writes that there is no prohibition of preparing from [[Shabbat]] to [[Tosefet Shabbat]] because even [[Tosefet Shabbat]] is called “Yom HaShabbat HaGadol HaZeh” in Birkat Hamazon. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 2, p. 408) agrees. </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to prepare on [[Shabbat]] even for a Mitzvah | # It’s forbidden to prepare on [[Shabbat]], even for a Mitzvah, if it is happening after [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:69 </ref> | ||
# Preparation means any action even speech which isn’t needed for that day, however, if one action is done for both that day and also for after [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:70 </ref> | # Preparation means any action (even speech which isn’t needed for that day), however, if one action is done for both that day and also for after [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:70 </ref> | ||
# Therefore, it’s forbidden to | # Therefore, it’s forbidden to wash vessels that won’t be needed, prepare food for after [[Shabbat]], fold clothing, or roll the Sefer HaTorah for the next Torah reading. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:71 </ref> | ||
# When Erev [[Pesach]] falls out on [[Shabbat]] one shouldn’t clean the vessels used for Chametz rather one should just wipe them with one’s finger or have a non-Jew do it. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:71 </ref> | # When Erev [[Pesach]] falls out on [[Shabbat]], one shouldn’t clean the vessels used for Chametz; rather, one should just wipe them with one’s finger or have a non-Jew do it. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:71 </ref> | ||
# When [[Purim]] falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]], one may not bring the [[Megillah]] to shul on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:75 </ref> | # When [[Purim]] falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]], one may not bring the [[Megillah]] to shul on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:75 </ref> | ||
# One may set his bed in order to make the room look presentable. It is forbidden, though, to set a bed in order to sleep on it after [[Shabbat]]. <ref> | # One may set his bed in order to make the room look presentable. It is forbidden, though, to set a bed in order to sleep on it after [[Shabbat]]. <ref> | ||
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# It’s permissible to go to sleep on [[Shabbat]] in order to be awake after [[Shabbat]], however, one shouldn’t say that one is doing so for that purpose. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:72 </ref> | # It’s permissible to go to sleep on [[Shabbat]] in order to be awake after [[Shabbat]], however, one shouldn’t say that one is doing so for that purpose. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:72 </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to clear the table even after [[Seudah Shelishit]] so that the room looks presentable unless one knows that will not use that room until the end of [[Shabbat]] (which is common if [[Seudah Shelishit]] finishes late). <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:79 </ref> | # It’s permissible to clear the table even after [[Seudah Shelishit]] so that the room looks presentable unless one knows that will not use that room until the end of [[Shabbat]] (which is common if [[Seudah Shelishit]] finishes late). <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:79 </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible to do an action that isn’t any extra effort and | # It’s permissible to do an action that isn’t any extra effort and is commonly done without thinking, so long as long one doesn’t say that he is doing so for after [[Shabbat]]. Therefore it’s permissible to take a [[Talit]] home from Shul, return a sefer to it’s shelf, or return food to the refrigerator. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:81 </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible an action that doesn’t require extra effort if not doing it will lead to a loss. Therefore if one left clothing outside one may take it inside to protect it from the rain if there’s a fear that it will rot. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:83 </ref> | # It’s permissible an action that doesn’t require extra effort if not doing it will lead to a loss. Therefore if one left clothing outside, one may take it inside to protect it from the rain if there’s a fear that it will rot. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:83 </ref> | ||
==Studying Torah and other subjects== | ==Studying Torah and other subjects== | ||
# It’s permissible to learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] even if one is doing so for some need for after [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:84 (in new editions 92), 39 Melachos (vol 4, pg 982), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 216) </ref> | # It’s permissible to learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] even if one is doing so for some need for after [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:84 (in new editions 92), 39 Melachos (vol 4, pg 982), Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 216) </ref> | ||
# Even according to those who permit learning secular subjects on | # Even according to those who permit learning secular subjects on [[Shabbat]] (see [[Permitted and forbidden things to read|Permitted and forbidden things to read on Shabbat]]), many forbid studying for a test during the week. <ref> | ||
* Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (chap 28, note 206 and in new editions 220) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman who was in doubt regarding whether it’s considered Hachana to study secular subjects not for the knowledge but only to do well on a test during the week. 39 Melachos (vol 4, pg 982) rules that it’s forbidden because of Hachana. | * Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (chap 28, note 206 and in new editions 220) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman who was in doubt regarding whether it’s considered Hachana to study secular subjects not for the knowledge but only to do well on a test during the week. 39 Melachos (vol 4, pg 982) rules that it’s forbidden because of Hachana. | ||
* Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 216) rules that one may only learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] and the only exception is a medical student who has a test after [[Shabbat]] and is pressured for time to study medicine (except for the study of surgery) on [[Shabbat]]. Though in that one case where it is permissible to learn secular studies on [[Shabbat]] it is only permitted with regards to Hachana. | * Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 216) rules that one may only learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] and the only exception is a medical student who has a test after [[Shabbat]] and is pressured for time to study medicine (except for the study of surgery) on [[Shabbat]]. Though in that one case where it is permissible to learn secular studies on [[Shabbat]] it is only permitted with regards to Hachana. | ||
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* Aruch HaShulchan 323:7 writes that if one has sufficient dishes or cups for the rest of [[Shabbat]], it is improper to clean anything. [[Tosfet Shabbat]] 323:8, Kaf HaChaim 323:39, Shevet HaLevi 5:39 and 6:42, Bear Moshe 6:82, Yalkut Yosef (vol 4, p. 21), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 11:4) agree. Mishneh Halachot 3:40 and 6:80, however, permits [[cleaning the dishes]] for a [[Shabbat]] meal even if one has other dishes, because in essence one is cleaning for the purpose of [[Shabbat]] and not for the weekday. Rav Moshe Feinstein (cited in Kol Torah vol 54 p. 18), Rav Nissim Karelitz (cited by Orchot [[Shabbat]] p. 404), and Brit Olam (p. 66) agree. | * Aruch HaShulchan 323:7 writes that if one has sufficient dishes or cups for the rest of [[Shabbat]], it is improper to clean anything. [[Tosfet Shabbat]] 323:8, Kaf HaChaim 323:39, Shevet HaLevi 5:39 and 6:42, Bear Moshe 6:82, Yalkut Yosef (vol 4, p. 21), and Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 11:4) agree. Mishneh Halachot 3:40 and 6:80, however, permits [[cleaning the dishes]] for a [[Shabbat]] meal even if one has other dishes, because in essence one is cleaning for the purpose of [[Shabbat]] and not for the weekday. Rav Moshe Feinstein (cited in Kol Torah vol 54 p. 18), Rav Nissim Karelitz (cited by Orchot [[Shabbat]] p. 404), and Brit Olam (p. 66) agree. | ||
* Bnei Tzion 323:9 brings a proof to the Aruch HaShulchan from a halacha in regards to folding clothes. The Mishna (113a) writes that one may fold clothes on [[Shabbat]], but the Gemara limits this to a case where one doesn’t have any other clothes. The Raavan (Chap 15) explains that if one were to have other clothes, folding one’s clothes would be considered [[preparing for after Shabbat]]. Similarly, the Biur HaGra also explains that this is the source for Rashi’s claim that one may only fold clothes if one needs to wear them again on [[Shabbat]]. The Ri (Tosfot 113a s.v. Yesh) has a doubt whether a person who has other clothes which aren’t as nice as the ones he wants to fold is allowed to fold his clothes or not. The Mishna Brurah 302:17 and Kaf HaChaim 302:29 rule that it is forbidden to fold clothes even if the other clothes aren’t as nice. Nonetheless in Shaar HaTziyun 302:17 he adds that the clothes which one wouldn’t wear on [[Shabbat]] aren’t considered a valid alternative, which would prevent one from folding one’s clothes. </ref> | * Bnei Tzion 323:9 brings a proof to the Aruch HaShulchan from a halacha in regards to folding clothes. The Mishna (113a) writes that one may fold clothes on [[Shabbat]], but the Gemara limits this to a case where one doesn’t have any other clothes. The Raavan (Chap 15) explains that if one were to have other clothes, folding one’s clothes would be considered [[preparing for after Shabbat]]. Similarly, the Biur HaGra also explains that this is the source for Rashi’s claim that one may only fold clothes if one needs to wear them again on [[Shabbat]]. The Ri (Tosfot 113a s.v. Yesh) has a doubt whether a person who has other clothes which aren’t as nice as the ones he wants to fold is allowed to fold his clothes or not. The Mishna Brurah 302:17 and Kaf HaChaim 302:29 rule that it is forbidden to fold clothes even if the other clothes aren’t as nice. Nonetheless in Shaar HaTziyun 302:17 he adds that the clothes which one wouldn’t wear on [[Shabbat]] aren’t considered a valid alternative, which would prevent one from folding one’s clothes. </ref> | ||
# One may not clean plates or utensils that were dirtied unless there’s a chance that they will be used later that day; nonetheless one doesn’t have to calculate how many of that utensil will be needed | # One may not clean plates or utensils that were dirtied unless there’s a chance that they will be used later that day; nonetheless, one doesn’t have to calculate how many of that utensil will be needed ; if one will need even one of a certain type of vessel one may clean many of that same type. One may clean cups because they are frequently used even not at the time of a meal unless one knows that one will not use it that day. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 12:1 </ref> | ||
# After the [[Friday night meal]], one may clean the dishes in order to use them for [[Shabbat]] day meal. However, after [[Seudat Shelishit]] one may not clean the dishes even if one will be using them the next day. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 12:1 </ref> | # After the [[Friday night meal]], one may clean the dishes in order to use them for [[Shabbat]] day meal. However, after [[Seudat Shelishit]] one may not clean the dishes even if one will be using them the next day. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 12:1 </ref> | ||
# If the dirty pots may become insect infested or may become ruined if it’s silver, one may let it soak in water even if one doesn’t plan on using them later that day. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 12:2 </ref> | # If the dirty pots may become insect infested or may become ruined if it’s silver, one may let it soak in water even if one doesn’t plan on using them later that day. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 12:2 </ref> | ||
