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Games on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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==Paper Folding== | ==Paper Folding== | ||
# On [[Shabbat]], one should not make a toy out of folded paper such as a boat or a hat.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:21 </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]], one should not make a toy out of folded paper such as a boat or a hat.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:21 </ref> | ||
# One may fold paper table napkins on Shabbat <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:223:8 </ref> | # One may fold paper table napkins on Shabbat.<ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:223:8 </ref> | ||
# Children shouldn't play stickers on Shabbat.<ref>Mekor Neeman 2:352</ref> | ==Stickers== | ||
# Children who reached the age of chinuch shouldn't play stickers on Shabbat.<ref>The Rambam Shabbat 10:11 explains that sticking two papers together on Shabbat is a biblical prohibition of Tofer. The Shulchan Aruch O.C. 340:14 codifies this prohibition. Therefore, [https://torah.org/torah-portion/weekly-halacha-5761-kisavo/ Rav Doniel Neustadt (Weekly Halacha 5761 Ki Tavo)] writes that if the stickers are firmly placed on a surface that they can last there for 24 hours it may be forbidden. Rav Meir Mazuz in Mekor Neeman 2:352 writes that one shouldn't let children stick stickers on paper on Shabbat. Rivevot Efraim 8:118:6, Yeladim Khalacha p. 108, [https://dinonline.org/2013/06/09/stickers-on-shabbos/ Dinonline.org], [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/4491 Yeshiva.co], and [https://www.kipa.co.il/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA/ Rav Meir Zukerman] agree. See Minchat Asher 2:39 who discusses Tofer regarding identification stickers in a hospital setting. See also Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 16:30 who seems to hold that using stickers are forbidden.</ref> If the child did not reach the age of chinuch it is permissible to give the child something which he can use to do a melacha while playing for his own benefit. Therefore, if the child didn't reach chinuch it is fine to give a child a sticker since even if he sticks it onto a surface it is for his own benefit.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Harav 343:10 clarifies that there is no prohibition of giving a child something with which he might do a melacha for his own benefit. This is relevant to a child who didn't reach chinuch. Otherwise, a parent must stop their child from doing any sin (Rama 343:1 and Shulchan Aruch Harav 343:2). Bet Hillel v. 32 p. 72 applies this to giving a child a sticker that it isn't forbidden since the child can do it for his own benefit. Rivevot Efraim 8:118:6 also seems to say this as he allows giving a child a sticker as long as they don't stick it on something.</ref> | |||
# Collecting stickers and exchanging them is totally fine if there are no words on them.<ref>Bet Hillel v. 32 p. 72 explains that there are a few types of stickers. a) If there are no words if they aren't used to stick onto anything and just collected they are a kli shemelachto lheter. b) If there are words on it explaining the picture that it depends if the words are the main thing. If the words just add to the picture then it doesn't affect it, but if the picture is useless without the words then it is a kli shemelachto lisur because it is forbidden to read those words. c) If they are used to stick onto a surface they are a kli shemelachto lisur (Luach Hamuktzeh p. 244).</ref> | |||
# Stickers aren't mutzkeh so it is permitted to give a child a sticker on Shabbat as a prize but you should tell them not to use it on Shabbat.<ref>[http://www.shut-halacha.co.il/question_print.php?id=3518 Rav Ovadia Yosef cited by Maayan Omer 2:59]</ref> | |||
==Clics== | |||
#Some say that it is permitted to let children play Clics if they choose to but the parents shouldn't assist them.<ref>Aliba Dhilchata v. 71 p. 127 notes the ruling of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Binyan Shabbat p. 42 and Shulchan Shlomo) and Rav Moshe (Igrot Moshe 5:22:27) who allow a child to build with legos or interlocking blocks that interlock tightly, though a parent shouldn't help them do it. He applies that logic to playing cliks on Shabbat that children who do it don't have to be stopped but the parents shouldn't connect pieces for them.</ref> | |||
==Snow== | ==Snow== | ||
=== Making Snowballs or a Snowman === | |||
# Most poskim hold that it is forbidden to make snowballs or a snowman on Shabbat.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 16:45</ref> Some poskim say that it is permitted to allow children to make snowballs on Shabbat.<ref>Mayan Omer 13:68 quoting Rav Ovadia Yosef writes that for an adult we would rule stringently, but for a child we would be lenient.</ref> | |||
===Walking=== | ===Walking=== | ||
# One may walk normally on snow without concern that he is causing it to melt.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 320:13, Yalkut Yosef 320:25 </ref> This is true even if your shoes have letters which will be imprinted into the snow.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 320:25, Yabea Omer 5:28, Sh"t Maharam Brisk 1:59, Sh"t Chelkat Yaakov 2:132 </ref> | # One may walk normally on snow without concern that he is causing it to melt.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 320:13, Yalkut Yosef 320:25 </ref> This is true even if your shoes have letters which will be imprinted into the snow.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 320:25, Yabea Omer 5:28, Sh"t Maharam Brisk 1:59, Sh"t Chelkat Yaakov 2:132 </ref> | ||
===Muktzeh=== | ===Muktzeh=== | ||
# Some say that snow isn’t considered [[Muktzeh]], while others believe it is. In any event it is forbidden to make snowballs or a snowman on Shabbat. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 138). Beer Moshe 1:20, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita 16: | # Some say that snow isn’t considered [[Muktzeh]], while others believe it is. In any event it is forbidden to make snowballs or a snowman on Shabbat. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 138). Beer Moshe 1:20, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita (ch. 16 fnt. 110), and Yalkut Yosef 308:217 rule that snow isn't [[muktzeh]] based on the Gemara Eruvin 46a and Tosfot Beitzah 2a s.v. ka which says that rain is not [[muktzeh]] as nolad because the moisture was in the clouds before the rain fell. Rivivot Ephraim 1:223:1 agrees. | ||
<br /> However, Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in The Halachos of Muktza, pg. 165 note 10) stated that snow is [[muktzeh]] because it isn’t normally used for humans or animals to eat and therefore would be like sticks or stones, even if it fell before [[Shabbat]]. He says that if it fell on Shabbat it is additionally nolad. In Iggerot Moshe OC 5:22 he was asked if you can move snow, based on his earlier psak that its [[muktzeh]], and says that it is prohibition because of [[nolad]] and explains what makes it different from rain. | <br /> However, Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in The Halachos of Muktza, pg. 165 note 10) stated that snow is [[muktzeh]] because it isn’t normally used for humans or animals to eat and therefore would be like sticks or stones, even if it fell before [[Shabbat]]. He says that if it fell on Shabbat it is additionally nolad. In Iggerot Moshe OC 5:22 he was asked if you can move snow, based on his earlier psak that its [[muktzeh]], and says that it is prohibition because of [[nolad]] and explains what makes it different from rain. | ||
* Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 203) and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata consider snow to be non-[[Muktzeh]], while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(37) and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 13) consider it severe [[Muktzeh]]. Dirshu 338:38 cites the dispute.</ref> | * Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 203) and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata consider snow to be non-[[Muktzeh]], while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(37) and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 13) consider it severe [[Muktzeh]]. Dirshu 338:38 cites the dispute.</ref> | ||
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==Magnets== | ==Magnets== | ||
# Magnets are not [[muktzeh]] on [[Shabbat]].<ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 32) </ref> Some hold that it is permissible to attach things using a magnet.<ref> [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol3Issue14.pdf Halachically Speaking] in the name of Rav Yisrael Belsky </ref> Others disagree and say that it is an issue of [[tofer]].<ref> [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol3Issue14.pdf Halachically Speaking] quoting Rav Elyashiv from | [[Image:Kosher Message Board.jpg|250px|right]] | ||
# Magnets are not [[muktzeh]] on [[Shabbat]].<ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 32) </ref> Some hold that it is permissible to attach things using a magnet.<ref> [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol3Issue14.pdf Halachically Speaking] in the name of Rav Yisrael Belsky </ref> Others disagree and say that it is an issue of [[tofer]].<ref> [http://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol3Issue14.pdf Halachically Speaking] quoting Rav Elyashiv from Sefer Migdal Dovid page 599:footnote 28 </ref> | |||
#Making pictures and words with magnets on a board is a major dispute whether that is considered writing, [[Kotaiv]], and is forbidden or not.<ref>39 Melachos v. 3 p. 951 forbids placing magnets on a board since it is considered like writing. However, [https://dinonline.org/2010/12/26/magnets-on-shabbos/ Rabbi Pfeffer] permits kids using magnets to make a design or drawing. Dor Hamelaktim v. 6 p. 3674 quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein (Mesoret Moshe v. 1 n. 153, Rishumei Aharon 340:3), Rav Shlomo Zalman (Shulchan Shlomo 340:35), and Rav Elyashiv (Shvut Yitzchak v. 13 p. 23) as strict unlike Minchat Ish 22 fnt. 45 as lenient. [[Asicha_Hilchos_Shabbos_Part_2| Rav Mordechai Willig (Asicha Shabbos 2 p. 5)]] permits playing with magnets and even placing letter magnets on a background and it is not considered kotaiv.</ref> | |||
==Marbles== | ==Marbles== | ||
# Children may play with marbles inside the house (as long as it has flooring and not bare earth) but not outside. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:5 </ref> | # Children may play with marbles inside the house (as long as it has flooring and not bare earth) but not outside. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:5 </ref> | ||
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==Lego or Tinkertoy== | ==Lego or Tinkertoy== | ||
[[Image:Lego.jpg|200px|right]] | [[Image:Lego.jpg|200px|right]] | ||
# Many poskim hold that playing with Lego or Tinkertoy is permitted and isn’t considered building (see page on [[Boneh]]) and is permissible. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:18, Sh”t Or Letzion vol 2 (chap 42:5 pg 272), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:30, Sh”t Be'er Moshe 6:25, Sh”t Yabia Omer 7:39(4), Yechaveh Da'at 2:55, Yalkut Yosef 314:1, Chazon Ovadia ([[Shabbat]] v. 3 pp. 101-103 and v. 5 pp. 293-4), Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 135). | # Many poskim hold that playing with Lego or Tinkertoy is permitted and isn’t considered building (see page on [[Boneh]]) and is permissible.<Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:18, Sh”t Or Letzion vol 2 (chap 42:5 pg 272), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:30, Sh”t Be'er Moshe 6:25, Sh”t Yabia Omer 7:39(4), Yechaveh Da'at 2:55, Yalkut Yosef 314:1, Chazon Ovadia ([[Shabbat]] v. 3 pp. 101-103 and v. 5 pp. 293-4), Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 135). | ||
* The Shulchan Aruch 314:1 based on the gemara (Shabbos 122b) comes to the conclusion that there is not a prohibition of boneh in regard to keilim. Therefore, in S”A 313:6 he writes one can put together utensils that are made of different parts when the connection is flimsy. However, if one firmly forces one piece into another, there is a torah prohibition. The Magen Avraham (313:12) and Taz (313:7) rule that things whose use is by constantly opening and closing them are not bound by the usual parameters of building. Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:55 and Chazon Ovadia Shabbos vol. 3 pg 101) quotes a machloket amongst the poskim if a real building that one intends to take apart in a short period of time constitutes boneh. He concludes that lego is permitted since the building has no permanence and it is taken apart often. Sh”t Or Letzion vol 2 (chap 42:5 pg 272), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:30 and 31, and Children in Halacha (pg. 135) agree that lego is completely permitted even for an adult. | * The Shulchan Aruch 314:1 based on the gemara (Shabbos 122b) comes to the conclusion that there is not a prohibition of boneh in regard to keilim. Therefore, in S”A 313:6 he writes one can put together utensils that are made of different parts when the connection is flimsy. However, if one firmly forces one piece into another, there is a torah prohibition. The Magen Avraham (313:12) and Taz (313:7) rule that things whose use is by constantly opening and closing them are not bound by the usual parameters of building. Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:55 and Chazon Ovadia Shabbos vol. 3 pg 101) quotes a machloket amongst the poskim if a real building that one intends to take apart in a short period of time constitutes boneh. He concludes that lego is permitted since the building has no permanence and it is taken apart often. Sh”t Or Letzion vol 2 (chap 42:5 pg 272), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:30 and 31, and Children in Halacha (pg. 135) agree that lego is completely permitted even for an adult. | ||
* The Or Letzion's reasoning is that if one intends to take them apart in a short period of time, then it is considered like something that is usually put together and taken apart and doesn't constitute Boneh. Additionally, they are put together for fun and not in order to build. </ref> Others are strict. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:19 (in the new edition) writes that building blocks which fit together tightly are forbidden and continues to give Lego as an example. Rav Ovadia in Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] v. 3 pg 103 also points out that in the Hashmatot to Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata, it says that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach retracted his original lenient ruling because of the variety of objects one could build with the same pieces. Similarly, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that lego would be considered building. Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, pg 24) quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein as saying that it’s not clear whether the interlocking pieces is forbidden, and therefore the Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] writes that one shouldn’t give it to a child, but if the child takes it not to object. See also Sh”t Machazeh Eliyahu 69 who raises the issue of [[Kotev]].</ref> | * The Or Letzion's reasoning is that if one intends to take them apart in a short period of time, then it is considered like something that is usually put together and taken apart and doesn't constitute Boneh. Additionally, they are put together for fun and not in order to build. </ref> Others are strict. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:19 (in the new edition) writes that building blocks which fit together tightly are forbidden and continues to give Lego as an example. Rav Ovadia in Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] v. 3 pg 103 also points out that in the Hashmatot to Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata, it says that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach retracted his original lenient ruling because of the variety of objects one could build with the same pieces. Similarly, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that lego would be considered building. Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Pinchas Bodner, pg 24) quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein as saying that it’s not clear whether the interlocking pieces is forbidden, and therefore the Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] writes that one shouldn’t give it to a child, but if the child takes it not to object. See also Sh”t Machazeh Eliyahu 69 who raises the issue of [[Kotev]].</ref> | ||
# If a child takes these toys on their own you don't have to stop them.<reF>A Guide to Practical Halacha (Shabbat v. 3 p. 149 n. 6) quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that one should not give children legos, bristle blocks, or tinker toys on Shabbat but if they take it on their own you don't have to stop them.</ref> | |||
==Board games== | ==Board games== | ||
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==Puzzles== | ==Puzzles== | ||
# Some poskim permit building puzzles on [[Shabbat]], while others forbid. (See the page on [[Kotaiv]].) To avoid the issue of [[Borer]] ([[separating]]) one must be careful not to separate pieces that one doesn’t want from those that one wants. <Ref> Sh”t Or Letzion 2:42:6 writes that it’s not considered writing since it’s only for the purposes of a game (and it’s temporary). So too there’s no issue of [[Borer]] since one takes the pieces one wants and uses them immediately. This is also the opinion of Sh”t Beer Moshe 6:26, and Rav Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg quoted in Children in Halacha (pg 140), and Rav Moshe HaLevi in Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 22:16). However, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:23 forbids if the pieces fit tight together (interlock). Similarly, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quoting Rav Elyashiv and Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 25; Rabbi Yisrael Bodner) write that it’s forbidden. </ref> | # Some poskim permit building puzzles on [[Shabbat]], while others forbid. (See the page on [[Kotaiv]].) To avoid the issue of [[Borer]] ([[separating]]) one must be careful not to separate pieces that one doesn’t want from those that one wants.<Ref> Sh”t Or Letzion 2:42:6 writes that it’s not considered writing since it’s only for the purposes of a game (and it’s temporary). So too there’s no issue of [[Borer]] since one takes the pieces one wants and uses them immediately. This is also the opinion of Sh”t Beer Moshe 6:26, and Rav Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg quoted in Children in Halacha (pg 140), and Rav Moshe HaLevi in Menuchat Ahava (vol 3, 22:16). [[Asicha_Hilchos_Shabbos_Part_2| Rav Mordechai Willig (Asicha Shabbos 2 p. 6)]] is also lenient. However, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:23 forbids if the pieces fit tight together (interlock). Similarly, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quoting Rav Elyashiv and Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 25; Rabbi Yisrael Bodner) write that it’s forbidden. </ref> | ||
==Rubik's Cube== | ==Rubik's Cube== | ||
# There is a major discussion if playing with a Rubik's Cube on Shabbat is permitted. Many hold it is permitted, but some disagree based on a number of reasons. Some of the reasons include: [[kotev]], [[mochaik]], [[boneh]], and [[borer]].<reF>Rav Elyashiv (Shvut Yitzchak v. 14 p. 299) forbade playing with a Rubik's Cube on Shabbat since it is similar to drawing an image on Shabbat and arranging the pieces in a formation is considered drawing. He compares it to opening and closing a sefer with words printed on the sides of the pages. Dor Hamelaktim v. 4 p. 2603 quotes Rav Shlomo Miller who forbade Rubik's cubes because of borer since each choice of a color to move is part of a longer algorithm and doesn't create a desired result immediately. Though they quote there the Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 16:25 and many others who are lenient.</reF> | # There is a major discussion if playing with a Rubik's Cube on Shabbat is permitted. Many hold it is permitted, but some disagree based on a number of reasons. Some of the reasons include: [[kotev]], [[mochaik]], [[boneh]], and [[borer]].<reF>Rav Elyashiv (Shvut Yitzchak v. 14 p. 299) forbade playing with a Rubik's Cube on Shabbat since it is similar to drawing an image on Shabbat and arranging the pieces in a formation is considered drawing. He compares it to opening and closing a sefer with words printed on the sides of the pages. Dor Hamelaktim v. 4 p. 2603 quotes Rav Shlomo Miller who forbade Rubik's cubes because of borer since each choice of a color to move is part of a longer algorithm and doesn't create a desired result immediately. Though they quote there the Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 16:25 and many others who are lenient.</reF> | ||
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[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
[[Category:Muktzeh]] | [[Category:Muktzeh]] | ||
{{Shabbat Table}} | |||
