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Games on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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==Children above Bar/Bat Mitzvah== | ==Children above Bar/Bat Mitzvah== | ||
# It’s highly advisable that older children (above 13 for a boy and above 12 for a girl) and adults should desist from playing games on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:1, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim pg 132), Kaf Hachaim 308:259, Sh"t Az Nidberu 1:13, Yam Shel Shlomo Masechet Beitza 1:34. See Sh”t Or Letzion 2:45:5 who only permits games for girls under Bat Mitzvah because for adults it’s an issue of [[muktzah]], and for boys under [[Bar Mitzvah]] it’s an issue of getting them involved in something that will cause [[Bitul Torah]]. The Gemara Yerushalmi [[Shabbat]] 15:3 writes that [[Shabbat]] was given for people to learn torah. Ben Ish Chai Parashat Shemot:Halacha 2 writes that the reward for learning torah on [[Shabbat]] is one thousand times greater than during the week. </ref> | # It’s highly advisable that older children (above 13 for a boy and above 12 for a girl) and adults should desist from playing games on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:1, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim pg 132), Kaf Hachaim 308:259, Sh"t Az Nidberu 1:13, Yam Shel Shlomo Masechet Beitza 1:34. See Sh”t Or Letzion 2:45:5 who only permits games for girls under Bat Mitzvah because for adults it’s an issue of [[muktzah]], and for boys under [[Bar Mitzvah]] it’s an issue of getting them involved in something that will cause [[Bitul Torah]]. The Gemara Yerushalmi [[Shabbat]] 15:3 writes that [[Shabbat]] was given for people to learn torah. Ben Ish Chai Parashat Shemot:Halacha 2 writes that the reward for learning torah on [[Shabbat]] is one thousand times greater than during the week. </ref> | ||
==Children Under the age of Bar/Bat Mitzvah== | |||
# Even children as young as 4 or 5 should only play with games or toys which are permissible on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Or Litzion 2:42:5 </ref> Children younger than that though, can use toys that are usually considered muktze. <ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbos]] pg. 22:footnote 2 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein. </ref> | # Even children as young as 4 or 5 should only play with games or toys which are permissible on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Or Litzion 2:42:5 </ref> Children younger than that though, can use toys that are usually considered muktze. <ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbos]] pg. 22:footnote 2 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein. </ref> | ||
# Some poskim permit an adult to move an otherwise [[muktzeh]] toy for a young child, because the child will play with it so it isn't considered [[muktzeh]]. <ref> Sh"t Iggerot Moshe 5:22:10, Sh"t Beer Moshe 6:24, Sh"t Yabea Omer 7:39 </ref> | |||
==Noisemakers== | ==Noisemakers== | ||
# Items which make noise, such as bells, rattles, and musical instruments, are [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:2 </ref> | # Items which make noise, such as bells, rattles, and musical instruments, are [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:2. Shulchan Shlomo pg. 280 however, permits moving a rattle even if this will make noise </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible for an adult to give a baby a toy that makes noise, such as whistles, rattles, or other noisemakers. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:3, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1161-2) </ref> Some say that one shouldn't give such a toy directly to the baby, but should place the toy in front of him, unless the baby won’t take it for himself. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 134) </ref> | # It’s permissible for an adult to give a baby a toy that makes noise, such as whistles, rattles, or other noisemakers. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:3, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1161-2) </ref> Some say that one shouldn't give such a toy directly to the baby, but should place the toy in front of him, unless the baby won’t take it for himself. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 134) </ref> | ||
# An adult shouldn't personally use a noisemaker (such as a rattle) to entertain a baby <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:3, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1161) </ref> unless there’s a necessity (such as to calm down a crying baby,) and even in such, a case it’s preferable for the adult to shake it in an unusual manner. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 135) </ref> | # An adult shouldn't personally use a noisemaker (such as a rattle) to entertain a baby <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:3, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1161) </ref> unless there’s a necessity (such as to calm down a crying baby,) and even in such, a case it’s preferable for the adult to shake it in an unusual manner. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 135) </ref> | ||
# Children that are above the age of [[chinuch]] (approximately four years old) should be taught not to use these noisemakers on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 133) </ref> | # Children that are above the age of [[chinuch]] (approximately four years old) should be taught not to use these noisemakers on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 133) </ref> | ||
# However, toys whose primary function are not for noise, such as a merry-go-round that clicks as is used, may be used by children on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 134) </ref> | # However, toys whose primary function are not for noise, such as a merry-go-round that clicks as is used, may be used by children on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 134) </ref> | ||
# A toy that hangs from the crib is not [[muktzeh]] because although it does make noise it can also be used to look at. <ref> Shalmei Yehuda 5:15, [[Shevet Halevi]] 9:78 </ref> | |||
==Playing with sand== | ==Playing with sand== | ||
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# Children may play with marbles inside the house (as long as it has flooring and not bare earth) but not outside. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:5 </ref> | # Children may play with marbles inside the house (as long as it has flooring and not bare earth) but not outside. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:5 </ref> | ||
==Playing with a ball== | ==Playing with a ball== | ||
# A play-ball according to Sephardim is [[Muktzeh]], while Ashkenazim hold it’s Kli Sh’Melachto LeHeter<ref> Even though Shevut Yitzchak (pg 89) quotes Rav Elyashiv who says that S”A would agree that the modern play-ball is non-[[Muktzeh]], nonetheless, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:84) says one should follow S”A 308:45 that considers all balls to be [[Muktzeh]].Sh”t Or Letzion 2:26:8 writes that a ball is considered [[Muktzah]] for boys and girls above Bar and Bat mitzvah. Other games are generally not [[muktzah]] but should preferably be treated as [[muktzah]] and not moved. Therefore, for Ashkenazim the Rama 308:45 certainly considers balls to be non-[[Muktzeh]]. So holds Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted by Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 22 note 16) | # A play-ball according to Sephardim is [[Muktzeh]], while Ashkenazim hold it’s Kli Sh’Melachto LeHeter<ref> Even though Shevut Yitzchak (pg 89) quotes Rav Elyashiv who says that S”A would agree that the modern play-ball is non-[[Muktzeh]], nonetheless, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:84) says one should follow S”A 308:45 that considers all balls to be [[Muktzeh]]. Sh”t Or Letzion 2:26:8 writes that a ball is considered [[Muktzah]] for boys and girls above Bar and Bat mitzvah. Other games are generally not [[muktzah]] but should preferably be treated as [[muktzah]] and not moved. Therefore, for Ashkenazim the Rama 308:45 certainly considers balls to be non-[[Muktzeh]]. So holds Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted by Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 22 note 16), Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 91), and Sh"t [[Shevet Halevi]] 9:78 </ref> | ||
# Children may play ball games on paved (asphalt or concrete) ground or on a ping-pong table, both indoors or outside, as long as there’s an appropriate Eruv. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:6. Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 137) adds that any game which the ball rolls on the ground may not be played except on pavement; however, other ball games can be played even on grass. Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 140) says that it’s permissible to play ping-pong. </ref> | # Children may play ball games on paved (asphalt or concrete) ground or on a ping-pong table, both indoors or outside, as long as there’s an appropriate Eruv. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:6. Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 137) adds that any game which the ball rolls on the ground may not be played except on pavement; however, other ball games can be played even on grass. Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 140) says that it’s permissible to play ping-pong. </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to get a ball out of a tree whether by hand or using a stick. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:7, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 137) </ref> | # It’s forbidden to get a ball out of a tree whether by hand or using a stick. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 16:7, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 137) </ref> | ||
