Food That Comes During a Meal: Difference between revisions
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* In the Gemara [[Brachot]] 41b, Rav Papa states that food which are eaten as part of the meal during the meal don’t require any Bracha and foods which are eaten not in context of the meal during the meal require a [[Bracha Rishona]] and not [[Bracha Achrona]]. Tosfot (D”H Hilchata) explains that the first category means to include foods which are normally eaten as the main part of the meal like meat, fish, vegetables, oatmeal. The second category includes foods which are not normally eaten as the main part of the meal like fruit. This explanation is accepted by the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:26), Bahag (quoted by Rosh), Rabbanu Yonah (29b s.v. VeRabbenu Yitzchak) in name of the Ri HaZaken, Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 135), Smag (quoted by Bet Yosef 177:1), and Hagahot Maimon 4:20. The Tur and S”A 177:1 codify this explanation as the halacha. (Tosfot is in disagreement with Rashi Brachot 41b s.v. dvarim habayim machmat haseuda who holds that only food that one eats together in the same bite as bread is exempt. Baal Hameor Brachot 29a s.v. amar agrees.) | * In the Gemara [[Brachot]] 41b, Rav Papa states that food which are eaten as part of the meal during the meal don’t require any Bracha and foods which are eaten not in context of the meal during the meal require a [[Bracha Rishona]] and not [[Bracha Achrona]]. Tosfot (D”H Hilchata) explains that the first category means to include foods which are normally eaten as the main part of the meal like meat, fish, vegetables, oatmeal. The second category includes foods which are not normally eaten as the main part of the meal like fruit. This explanation is accepted by the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:26), Bahag (quoted by Rosh), Rabbanu Yonah (29b s.v. VeRabbenu Yitzchak) in name of the Ri HaZaken, Mordechai ([[Brachot]] Siman 135), Smag (quoted by Bet Yosef 177:1), and Hagahot Maimon 4:20. The Tur and S”A 177:1 codify this explanation as the halacha. (Tosfot is in disagreement with Rashi Brachot 41b s.v. dvarim habayim machmat haseuda who holds that only food that one eats together in the same bite as bread is exempt. Baal Hameor Brachot 29a s.v. amar agrees.) | ||
* The Mishna Brurah 177:1 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch which is that the [[Hamotzei]] on bread covers foods which are normally eaten with bread to mean that anything which gives sustenance and is brought as the main meal is covered by the [[Hamotzei]]. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 43:1 concurs.</ref> | * The Mishna Brurah 177:1 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch which is that the [[Hamotzei]] on bread covers foods which are normally eaten with bread to mean that anything which gives sustenance and is brought as the main meal is covered by the [[Hamotzei]]. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 43:1 concurs.</ref> | ||
# If one doesn’t want to eat bread it’s unclear whether it exempts the other foods and so it’s preferable to avoid this situation, however, if one is in such a situation one doesn’t need to make a [[Bracha Rishona]] on each food because there is at least a possibility that the Bracha on bread exempted it. <ref>Magen Avraham 177:1, Mishna Brurah 177:3, Avnei Isfeh 4:26(3)</ref> Some poskim hold that the bread covers the other foods whether or not one wants the bread.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 177:2</ref> Nonetheless, if one is eating bread on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in order to fulfill the obligation of eating the meal all other foods are covered by the bread. <Ref>Magen Avraham 177:1, Halachos of [[Brachos]] chap 5 pg 98 </ref> | # If one doesn’t want to eat bread it’s unclear whether it exempts the other foods and so it’s preferable to avoid this situation, however, if one is in such a situation one doesn’t need to make a [[Bracha Rishona]] on each food because there is at least a possibility that the Bracha on bread exempted it.<ref>Magen Avraham 177:1, Mishna Brurah 177:3, Avnei Isfeh 4:26(3)</ref> Some poskim hold that the bread covers the other foods whether or not one wants the bread.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 177:2</ref> Nonetheless, if one is eating bread on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in order to fulfill the obligation of eating the meal all other foods are covered by the bread. <Ref>Magen Avraham 177:1, Halachos of [[Brachos]] chap 5 pg 98 </ref> | ||
# If one ate less than a [[Kezayit]] of bread, according to Sephardim, one must make a [[Bracha Rishona]] and Acharona on the other foods. <Ref>Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 9:3, Chazon Ovadia [[Berachot]] page 81, Kaf hachayim 177:4, Sh"t Shemesh U'magen OC 1:27, Igrot Moshe OC 4:41, Chelkat Yaakov 2:112. Or Letzion 2:46:14 leaves it as a doubt and advises making a bracha on the foods before the bread. On the other hand, Rav Moshe Halevi in Birkat Hashem (vol 3, p. 339) says even less than a [[Kezayit]] of bread exempts the rest of the meal.</ref> According to Ashkenazim, it is a doubt if the bread covers the other foods.<ref>Mishna Brurah 177:3 has a doubt if the bread covers the other foods if doesn't want the bread and all the more so if one just eats less than a kezayit. Accordingly, Rav Elyashiv (cited by Vezot Habracha ch. 8 fnt. 7) holds that less than a kezayit can cover other foods if it is eaten in order to fill oneself up. Dagul Mirvavah 167:6, however, holds that bread doesn't cover the other foods without a kezayit. That's also the opinion of Igrot Moshe OC 4:41.</ref> | # If one ate less than a [[Kezayit]] of bread, according to Sephardim, one must make a [[Bracha Rishona]] and Acharona on the other foods. <Ref>Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 9:3, Chazon Ovadia [[Berachot]] page 81, Kaf hachayim 177:4, Sh"t Shemesh U'magen OC 1:27, Igrot Moshe OC 4:41, Chelkat Yaakov 2:112. Or Letzion 2:46:14 leaves it as a doubt and advises making a bracha on the foods before the bread. On the other hand, Rav Moshe Halevi in Birkat Hashem (vol 3, p. 339) says even less than a [[Kezayit]] of bread exempts the rest of the meal.</ref> According to Ashkenazim, it is a doubt if the bread covers the other foods.<ref>Mishna Brurah 177:3 has a doubt if the bread covers the other foods if doesn't want the bread and all the more so if one just eats less than a kezayit. Accordingly, Rav Elyashiv (cited by Vezot Habracha ch. 8 fnt. 7) holds that less than a kezayit can cover other foods if it is eaten in order to fill oneself up. Dagul Mirvavah 167:6, however, holds that bread doesn't cover the other foods without a kezayit. That's also the opinion of Igrot Moshe OC 4:41.</ref> | ||
## If someone has croutons which are hamotzei in a soup the bread doesn't exempt the soup and the soup doesn't exempt the bread. Rather one should first make hamotzei on the croutons and then the bracha on the soup.<ref>Shaarei Habracha 8:6 quoting Rav Wosner</ref> | ## If someone has croutons which are hamotzei in a soup the bread doesn't exempt the soup and the soup doesn't exempt the bread. Rather one should first make hamotzei on the croutons and then the bracha on the soup.<ref>Shaarei Habracha 8:6 quoting Rav Wosner</ref> | ||
# If someone sent foods to a friend and the food arrived during the meal, Sephardim hold that he food requires a new Bracha, whereas Ashkenazim hold that no new Bracha is needed. <ref> Shulchan Aruch and Rama 177:5 </ref> | # If someone sent foods to a friend and the food arrived during the meal, Sephardim hold that he food requires a new Bracha, whereas Ashkenazim hold that no new Bracha is needed.<ref> Shulchan Aruch and Rama 177:5 </ref> | ||
# Desserts served at a wedding after the dancing and the tables are moved according to some poskim require a bracha rishona and achrona since they’re not included in the meal at all. This even applies to cake since there is no safek that it isn’t the bread upon which he is eating as the main meal, it is clearly for the good taste. <Ref>Rav Belsky in Shulchan Halevi 3:6 p. 32</ref> | # Desserts served at a wedding after the dancing and the tables are moved according to some poskim require a bracha rishona and achrona since they’re not included in the meal at all. This even applies to cake since there is no safek that it isn’t the bread upon which he is eating as the main meal, it is clearly for the good taste. <Ref>Rav Belsky in Shulchan Halevi 3:6 p. 32</ref> | ||
==Drinks== | ==Drinks== | ||
# If one has wine or grape juice, one must make it’s own Bracha even if one drinks it during the meal. <Ref> | # If one has wine or grape juice, one must make it’s own Bracha even if one drinks it during the meal. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 174:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 43:2, Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# If one made Hagefen and drank a Melo Lugmav (cheekful), all other drinks are exempt from making a Bracha during the meal. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> However, if one just heard [[Kiddish]] and didn’t drink wine or grape juice immediately, one must make a Bracha on wine or grape that one drinks during the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 48:18, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, chapter 8) </ref> | # If one made Hagefen and drank a Melo Lugmav (cheekful), all other drinks are exempt from making a Bracha during the meal. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> However, if one just heard [[Kiddish]] and didn’t drink wine or grape juice immediately, one must make a Bracha on wine or grape that one drinks during the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 48:18, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# One doesn’t make a Bracha on drinks during a meal as | # One doesn’t make a Bracha on drinks during a meal as people drink during the meal in order to swallow and digest the food. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 174:7, Chaye Adam 43:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 43:2. See also Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, chapter 8) who adds that on fruit juice one doesn’t make a Bracha during the meal. </ref> However, it’s preferable to cover drinks by having wine and make a Bracha on wine and it’ll cover all other drinks. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 174 s.v. VeHaMinhag, Vezot HaBracha (pg 70, chapter 8) writes that this it’s an obligation but a righteous practice. </ref> Some Sephardim have a minhag to drink water before the meal (less than a [[Kezayit]]) and the Bracha on that will cover the other drinks. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 70, chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# An alcoholic drink doesn’t require a Bracha | # An alcoholic drink doesn’t require a Bracha during the meal, however, if one drinks it at the end of the meal before [[Birkat HaMazon]], one should make a Bracha.<Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# Coffee and tea at the end of the meal don’t require a Bracha. However, it’s preferable to | # Coffee and tea at the end of the meal don’t require a Bracha. However, it’s preferable to exempt these drinks by having another food that certainly requires a Bracha during the meal (such as sugar by itself). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
==Fruit== | ==Fruit== | ||
