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Food That Comes During a Meal: Difference between revisions
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==General rules== | ==General rules== | ||
# All foods that are part of a meal in order to accompany the bread or fill one’s appetite are covered by the Bracha HaMotzei on the bread and don’t require their own Brachot. <Ref> S”A 177:1 | # All foods that are part of a meal in order to accompany the bread or fill one’s appetite are covered by the Bracha HaMotzei on the bread and don’t require their own Brachot. <Ref> S”A 177:1 | ||
* In the Gemara Brachot 41b, Rav Papa states that food which are eaten as part of the meal during the meal don’t require any Bracha and foods which are eaten not in context of the meal during the meal require a Bracha Rishona and not Bracha Achrona. Tosfot (D”H Hilchata) explains that the first category means to include foods which are normally eaten as the main part of the meal like meat, fish, vegetables, oatmeal. The second category includes foods which are not normally eaten as the main part of the meal like fruit. This explanation is accepted by the Rosh (Brachot 6:26), Bahag (quoted by Rosh), Rabbanu Yonah (29b | * In the Gemara Brachot 41b, Rav Papa states that food which are eaten as part of the meal during the meal don’t require any Bracha and foods which are eaten not in context of the meal during the meal require a Bracha Rishona and not Bracha Achrona. Tosfot (D”H Hilchata) explains that the first category means to include foods which are normally eaten as the main part of the meal like meat, fish, vegetables, oatmeal. The second category includes foods which are not normally eaten as the main part of the meal like fruit. This explanation is accepted by the Rosh (Brachot 6:26), Bahag (quoted by Rosh), Rabbanu Yonah (29b s.v. VeRabbenu Yitzchak) in name of the Ri HaZaken, Mordechai (Brachot Siman 135), Smag (quoted by Bet Yosef 177:1), and Hagahot Maimon 4:20. The Tur and S”A 177:1 codify this explanation as the halacha. | ||
* The Mishna Brurah 177:1 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch which is that the Hamotzei on bread covers foods which are normally eaten with bread to mean that anything which gives sustenance and is brought as the main meal is covered by the Hamotzei. Kitzur S"A 43:1 concurs.</ref> | * The Mishna Brurah 177:1 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch which is that the Hamotzei on bread covers foods which are normally eaten with bread to mean that anything which gives sustenance and is brought as the main meal is covered by the Hamotzei. Kitzur S"A 43:1 concurs.</ref> | ||
# If one doesn’t want to eat bread it’s unclear whether it exempts the other foods and so it’s preferable to avoid this situation, however, if one is in such a situation one doesn’t need to make a Bracha Rishona on each food because there is at least a possibility that the Bracha on bread exempted it. <ref>Magan Avraham 177:1, Avnei Isfeh 4:26(3))</ref> Nonetheless, if one is eating bread on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in order to fulfill the obligation of eating the meal all other foods are covered by the bread. <Ref>Magan Avraham 177:1, Halachos of Brachos chap 5 pg 98 </ref> | # If one doesn’t want to eat bread it’s unclear whether it exempts the other foods and so it’s preferable to avoid this situation, however, if one is in such a situation one doesn’t need to make a Bracha Rishona on each food because there is at least a possibility that the Bracha on bread exempted it. <ref>Magan Avraham 177:1, Avnei Isfeh 4:26(3))</ref> Nonetheless, if one is eating bread on [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]] in order to fulfill the obligation of eating the meal all other foods are covered by the bread. <Ref>Magan Avraham 177:1, Halachos of Brachos chap 5 pg 98 </ref> | ||
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# If one has wine or grape juice, one must make it’s own Bracha even if one drinks it during the meal. <Ref>S”A 174:1, Kitzur S"A 43:2, Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, Chapter 8) </ref> | # If one has wine or grape juice, one must make it’s own Bracha even if one drinks it during the meal. <Ref>S”A 174:1, Kitzur S"A 43:2, Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# If one made Hagefen and drank a Melo Lugmav (cheekful), all other drinks are exempt from making a Bracha during the meal. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> However, if one just heard Kiddish and didn’t drink wine or grape juice immediately, one must make a Bracha on wine or grape that one drinks during the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 48:18, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, chapter 8) </ref> | # If one made Hagefen and drank a Melo Lugmav (cheekful), all other drinks are exempt from making a Bracha during the meal. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> However, if one just heard Kiddish and didn’t drink wine or grape juice immediately, one must make a Bracha on wine or grape that one drinks during the meal. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 48:18, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# One doesn’t make a Bracha on drinks during a meal as drinks are drunk because of the food. <Ref> S”A 174:7, Chaye Adam 43:1, Kitzur S"A 43:2. See also Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, chapter 8) who adds that on fruit juice one doesn’t make a Bracha during the meal. </ref> However, it’s preferable to cover drinks by having wine and make a Bracha on wine and it’ll cover all other drinks. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 174 | # One doesn’t make a Bracha on drinks during a meal as drinks are drunk because of the food. <Ref> S”A 174:7, Chaye Adam 43:1, Kitzur S"A 43:2. See also Vezot HaBracha (pg 72, chapter 8) who adds that on fruit juice one doesn’t make a Bracha during the meal. </ref> However, it’s preferable to cover drinks by having wine and make a Bracha on wine and it’ll cover all other drinks. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 174 s.v. VeHaMinhag, Vezot HaBracha (pg 70, chapter 8) writes that this it’s an obligation but a righteous practice. </ref> Some Sephardim have a minhag to drink water before the meal (less than a [[Kezayit]]) and the Bracha on that will cover the other drinks. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 70, chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# An alcoholic drink doesn’t require a Bracha is drunk during the meal, however, if one drink it’s at the end of the meal before Birkat HaMazon, one should make a Bracha. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | # An alcoholic drink doesn’t require a Bracha is drunk during the meal, however, if one drink it’s at the end of the meal before Birkat HaMazon, one should make a Bracha. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
# Coffee and tea at the end of the meal don’t require a Bracha. However, it’s preferable to cover these drinks by having another food that certainly requires a Bracha during the meal (such as sugar by itself). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | # Coffee and tea at the end of the meal don’t require a Bracha. However, it’s preferable to cover these drinks by having another food that certainly requires a Bracha during the meal (such as sugar by itself). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 174:39, Vezot HaBracha (pg 73, Chapter 8) </ref> | ||
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* The Rosh (Brachot 6:28) at first has a doubt about someone who establishes a meal on fruit whether the fruit is considered a food which is brought because of the meal or not and decides that it makes sense that it is considered like food brought as part of the meal and doesn’t require a Bracha. The Rosh then brings a proof to this from the Yerushalmi. This is also the ruling of the Tur 177:3 and Ritva (Brachot 41b) that if one establishes one’s meal on fruit the fruit is covered even if one doesn’t eat it with bread. | * The Rosh (Brachot 6:28) at first has a doubt about someone who establishes a meal on fruit whether the fruit is considered a food which is brought because of the meal or not and decides that it makes sense that it is considered like food brought as part of the meal and doesn’t require a Bracha. The Rosh then brings a proof to this from the Yerushalmi. This is also the ruling of the Tur 177:3 and Ritva (Brachot 41b) that if one establishes one’s meal on fruit the fruit is covered even if one doesn’t eat it with bread. | ||
* [The Mordechai (Brachot Siman 135, quoted by Bet Yosef 177:3) agrees with the Rosh but adds that it’s preferable to make a Bracha on a fruit first in order to exempt the fruit in the meal. The Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 177:17) explains that the Mordechai means that one should have fruit before the meal, make a Bracha on it and have in mind to exempt the other fruit in the meal.] | * [The Mordechai (Brachot Siman 135, quoted by Bet Yosef 177:3) agrees with the Rosh but adds that it’s preferable to make a Bracha on a fruit first in order to exempt the fruit in the meal. The Halacha Brurah (Birur Halacha 177:17) explains that the Mordechai means that one should have fruit before the meal, make a Bracha on it and have in mind to exempt the other fruit in the meal.] | ||
* However, the Rabbenu Yonah (29b | * However, the Rabbenu Yonah (29b s.v. Amar Rav Papa (at the end)) holds that if one has fruit as one’s main meal it is only exempted by the Hamotzei on the bread when one starts eating the fruit with bread and then continues to eat fruit without bread. | ||
* S”A 177:3 rules that if one made fruit as one’s main meal the Bracha on the bread covers the fruit even if one eats the fruit without bread. However, because some argue it’s preferable to eat a little of the fruit with bread and then continue to eat fruit without bread. | * S”A 177:3 rules that if one made fruit as one’s main meal the Bracha on the bread covers the fruit even if one eats the fruit without bread. However, because some argue it’s preferable to eat a little of the fruit with bread and then continue to eat fruit without bread. | ||
* Beiur Halacha (D”H Tov) explains that when one eats bread with the fruit in order to exempt the fruit one should ate a significant amount and not just a taste. So rules Halacha Brurah 177:14. </ref> | * Beiur Halacha (D”H Tov) explains that when one eats bread with the fruit in order to exempt the fruit one should ate a significant amount and not just a taste. So rules Halacha Brurah 177:14. </ref> | ||
