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Fast Days: Difference between revisions
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===When does the fast start?=== | ===When does the fast start?=== | ||
# Communal fasts which do not start at night only begin at Olot HaShachar. <ref>S"A 564:1 </ref> | # Communal fasts which do not start at night only begin at Olot HaShachar. <ref>S"A 564:1 </ref> | ||
# If one went to sleep at night and wakes up before Olot HaShachar one may not eat unless one stipulated before going to sleep that one didn’t begin the fast and one would eat and drink before Olot HaShachar. <Ref> S”A 564:1 writes that if one doesn't go to sleep one may continue to eat until Olot HaSachar and if one went to sleep one may still eat if one made a stipulation that one will continue to eat after he wakes up before Olot HaShachar (according to the explanation of Mishna Brurah 564:4). Rama 564:1 comments that one doesn't need to make a stipulation for drinks. However, Mishna Brurah 564:6 writes that the achronim say it's preferable to make a stipulation for both foods and drinks. </ref> However, the Zohar is strict even such a case and one should only be lenient regarding drinks or if it's difficult to fast without eating before Olot HaShachar. <ref> Even though the S"A 564:1 makes no mention of the Zohar, the Mishna Brurah 564:28 and Yalkut Yosef (Tefilah, vol 1, pg 126, 89:43, and 550:3) quote the Zohar which is strict regarding eating after one slept before Olot HaShachar, however, the Zohar isn't strict about drinking. Yalkut Yosef adds that if it's difficult for one to fast if one doesn't eat before Olot HaShachar one may do so (after stipulating before going to sleep). See Sh”t Yabea Omer 5:22(5), Piskei Teshuvot 564:1. Mishna Berura 564:6 as well as Kaf HaChaim 564:10 both say that if you for some reason did not make this stipulation before you went to sleep and you woke up before dawn thirsty you are permitted to drink. </ref> | # If one went to sleep at night and wakes up before Olot HaShachar one may not eat unless one stipulated before going to sleep that one didn’t begin the fast and one would eat and drink before Olot HaShachar. <Ref> S”A 564:1 writes that if one doesn't go to sleep one may continue to eat until Olot HaSachar and if one went to sleep one may still eat if one made a stipulation that one will continue to eat after he wakes up before Olot HaShachar (according to the explanation of Mishna Brurah 564:4). Rama 564:1 comments that one doesn't need to make a stipulation for drinks. However, Mishna Brurah 564:6 writes that the achronim say it's preferable to make a stipulation for both foods and drinks. </ref> However, the Zohar is strict even such a case and one should only be lenient regarding drinks or if it's difficult to fast without eating before Olot HaShachar. <ref> Even though the S"A 564:1 makes no mention of the Zohar, the Mishna Brurah 564:28 and Yalkut Yosef (Tefilah, vol 1, pg 126, 89:43, and 550:3) quote the Zohar which is strict regarding eating after one slept before Olot HaShachar, however, the Zohar isn't strict about drinking. Yalkut Yosef adds that if it's difficult for one to fast if one doesn't eat before Olot HaShachar one may do so (after stipulating before going to sleep). See Sh”t Yabea Omer 5:22(5), Piskei Teshuvot 564:1. </ref> If one didn't make a stipulate before going to sleep and one woke up before Olot HaShachar, one is permitted to drink before Olot HaShachar. <reF> Mishna Berura 564:6 as well as Kaf HaChaim 564:10 both say that if you for some reason did not make this stipulation before you went to sleep and you woke up before dawn thirsty you are permitted to drink. </ref> | ||
===When to end a fast=== | ===When to end a fast=== | ||
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* Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109(2) rules that someone who has bad breath on Tisha BeAv may brush his teeth without water in order to pray with a clean mouth. </ref> | * Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109(2) rules that someone who has bad breath on Tisha BeAv may brush his teeth without water in order to pray with a clean mouth. </ref> | ||
# One may swallow saliva that accumulates in one’s mouth. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 567:13 </ref> Some say that if it’s easy one should be strict and spit it out. <Ref> Chaye Adam 132:22, Mateh Efraim 612:7, Moadim UZmanim 1:59 </ref> While others say that the minhag is to be lenient altogether. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 567:2, Bet Meir, Ashel Avraham, Aruch HaShulchan 567:4 </ref> | # One may swallow saliva that accumulates in one’s mouth. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 567:13 </ref> Some say that if it’s easy one should be strict and spit it out. <Ref> Chaye Adam 132:22, Mateh Efraim 612:7, Moadim UZmanim 1:59 </ref> While others say that the minhag is to be lenient altogether. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 567:2, Bet Meir, Ashel Avraham, Aruch HaShulchan 567:4 </ref> | ||
===Recitation of Aneinu | ===Recitation of Aneinu=== | ||
The addition of aneinu is recited by the sephardim during shacharit and mincha <ref> Shulchan Aruch 565:3 because even if you don't end up finishing the fast because you get sick from fasting, it is still a public fast day. </ref> , and for the ashkenazim only in mincha. <ref> Rama 565:3 Mishna Berura 568:10 says that you should even say aneinu if you daven mincha gedola because even if you end up eating you at least fasted until chatzot. </ref> | The addition of aneinu is recited by the sephardim during shacharit and mincha <ref> Shulchan Aruch 565:3 because even if you don't end up finishing the fast because you get sick from fasting, it is still a public fast day. </ref> , and for the ashkenazim only in mincha. <ref> Rama 565:3 Mishna Berura 568:10 says that you should even say aneinu if you daven mincha gedola because even if you end up eating you at least fasted until chatzot. </ref> | ||
===Other Halachas of fast days=== | ===Other Halachas of fast days=== | ||
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# According to Sephardim, if one made a Bracha by accident and then realized that it was a fast day, one should eat a very small amount just enough that one can taste it and continue on fasting. According to Ashkenazim, one shouldn't taste anything but just say Baruch Shem. <Ref>Birkei Yosef 568, Sh”t Yabea Omer Y”D 2:5(6), O”C 10:41, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 550:26) however, Kaf HaChaim 568:16, Daat Torah (of the Maharsham) 568:1, Sh”t Mishneh Halachot 7:80, Sh”t Shevet Sofer O”C 25, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=411#7a Peninei Halacha (Rabbi Elazar Melamed)], Halachos of Brachos (Rabbi Bodner, pg 207, note 39), and Piskei Teshuvot 568:2 rule that one shouldn’t eat it but rather say Baruch Shem. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:329 writes that one should taste it, not swallow, and then spit it out. ]http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/printShiur.aspx/1762 Rav Mordechai Eliyahu] quotes the differing opinions and doesn't give a ruling. </ref> | # According to Sephardim, if one made a Bracha by accident and then realized that it was a fast day, one should eat a very small amount just enough that one can taste it and continue on fasting. According to Ashkenazim, one shouldn't taste anything but just say Baruch Shem. <Ref>Birkei Yosef 568, Sh”t Yabea Omer Y”D 2:5(6), O”C 10:41, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 550:26) however, Kaf HaChaim 568:16, Daat Torah (of the Maharsham) 568:1, Sh”t Mishneh Halachot 7:80, Sh”t Shevet Sofer O”C 25, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=411#7a Peninei Halacha (Rabbi Elazar Melamed)], Halachos of Brachos (Rabbi Bodner, pg 207, note 39), and Piskei Teshuvot 568:2 rule that one shouldn’t eat it but rather say Baruch Shem. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:329 writes that one should taste it, not swallow, and then spit it out. ]http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/printShiur.aspx/1762 Rav Mordechai Eliyahu] quotes the differing opinions and doesn't give a ruling. </ref> | ||
'''If one ate or drank inadvertently''' | '''If one ate or drank inadvertently''' | ||
#If one ate by mistake on a fast day he should nevertheless continue fasting afterwards. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 568:1. Mishna Berura 568:1 says this also applies if you ate on purpose. Mishna Berura 568:3 says that you can even say aneinu during the shemoneh esrei during public fast days. | #If one ate by mistake on a fast day he should nevertheless continue fasting afterwards. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 568:1. Mishna Berura 568:1 says this also applies if you ate on purpose. Mishna Berura 568:3 says that you can even say aneinu during the shemoneh esrei during public fast days. </ref> | ||
'''Smoking''' | '''Smoking''' | ||
# It’s permissible to smoke on a fast day except on Tisha BeAv (disregarding whether it’s permissible to smoke because of the health issue). <Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 5:39, Sh”t Yabea Omer 1:33 </ref> | # It’s permissible to smoke on a fast day except on Tisha BeAv (disregarding whether it’s permissible to smoke because of the health issue). <Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 5:39, Sh”t Yabea Omer 1:33 </ref> | ||
