Fast Days: Difference between revisions
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===On a Friday=== | ===On a Friday=== | ||
# Asara B'Tevet is the only fast that can fall out on a Friday.<ref> Magen Avraham 550:4, Aruch Hashulchan 550:2, Mishna Brura 550:10 </ref> | # Asara B'Tevet is the only fast that can fall out on a Friday.<ref> Magen Avraham 550:4, Aruch Hashulchan 550:2, Mishna Brura 550:10 </ref> | ||
# Even if Asara B'Tevet falls out on a Friday one should fast until tzet hakovachim even though the fast would | # Even if Asara B'Tevet falls out on a Friday one should fast until [[tzet hakovachim]] even though the fast would continue into the beginning of [[Shabbat]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch and Rama O.C. 249:4, Yabea Omer 6:31, Rav Tzvi Rimon (Sulamot Sh"t Asar Btevet Shchal BShabbat). Aruch Hashulchan 549:2 quotes the Avudarham that even if Asara B'Tevet fell out on [[shabbat]], which can no longer happen because of the way the calendar is set (Magen Vraham 550:4-5), we would have to fast. Chatam Sofer in his sefer torat moshe on the torah pg. 346 explains that this is similar to the concept of fasting for a bad dream (taanit chalom), that every year on Asara B'Tevet we are judged if we will merit to see the beit hamikdash rebuilt. </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to recite [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] and [[Arvit]] earlier than usual so that people can begin [[kiddush]] at home at tzet hakochavim.<ref> Nitei Gavriel [[Chanuka]] 63:6: notes 9-10. In 63:7 he adds that some poskim are even more lenient with the time of tzet hakochavim than they usually are. Rama 249:4 quotes an opinion that if you pray early and finish [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] you should eat, but then says that nevertheless on a public fast one should fast until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and on a private fast, eat after [[davening]]. </ref> | # It is permitted to recite [[Kabbalat Shabbat]] and [[Arvit]] earlier than usual so that people can begin [[kiddush]] at home at tzet hakochavim.<ref> Nitei Gavriel [[Chanuka]] 63:6: notes 9-10. In 63:7 he adds that some poskim are even more lenient with the time of tzet hakochavim than they usually are. Rama 249:4 quotes an opinion that if you pray early and finish [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] you should eat, but then says that nevertheless on a public fast one should fast until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and on a private fast, eat after [[davening]]. </ref> | ||
# All the normal [[Shabbat]] preparations such as showering and [[shaving]] should be done normally, even for those who normally wouldn't shave or shower on a fast because of the kavod [[shabbat]] obligation.<ref> [http://torahmusings.com/2013/12/asara-btevet-when-on-a-friday/#fnref-19639-9 Rabbi Ari Enkin] | # All the normal [[Shabbat]] preparations such as showering and [[shaving]] should be done normally, even for those who normally wouldn't shave or shower on a fast because of the kavod [[shabbat]] obligation.<ref>Mishna Brura 550:6, Baer Heitev 550:2, Rav Tzvi Rimon (Sulamot Sh"t Asar Btevet Shchal BShabbat), [http://torahmusings.com/2013/12/asara-btevet-when-on-a-friday/#fnref-19639-9 Rabbi Ari Enkin] </ref> | ||
# If Asara B'Tevet falls out on friday, [[ | # If Asara B'Tevet falls out on friday, [[Shacharit]] is prayed as usual. For [[Mincha]], the Torah and Haftara are read, aneinu is recited during the [[Amida]]. [[Tachanun]] and avinu malkenu are not said.<ref>Mishna Brura 603:3, Aruch Hashulchan 550:2. see Aruch Hashulchan there about a custom that existed to omit torah reading. for a lengthier discussion see [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/801757/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Asara_B-Teves_on_Erev_Shabbos Asara B'Teves on Erev Shabbos] by Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz </ref> | ||
# One should try to say [[mincha]] earlier on Asara B'Tevet that falls out on a Friday.<ref> Minhagei Eretz Yisrael 27:28, Nitei Gavriel 62:3 says that it is not proper to pray mournful [[prayers]] while dressed in [[Shabbat]] clothing so one should [[prayer]] earlier. He adds in the name of the Dvar Yehoshua 3:63 it is also good to distance the mournful [[prayers]] as far as possible from the [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # One should try to say [[mincha]] earlier on Asara B'Tevet that falls out on a Friday.<ref> Minhagei Eretz Yisrael 27:28, Nitei Gavriel 62:3 says that it is not proper to pray mournful [[prayers]] while dressed in [[Shabbat]] clothing so one should [[prayer]] earlier. He adds in the name of the Dvar Yehoshua 3:63 it is also good to distance the mournful [[prayers]] as far as possible from the [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
# Those who wear [[tefillin]] during [[mincha]] on a fast day, should recite [[mincha]] early on Friday so as not to have his [[tefillin]] on too close to [[Shabbat]] <ref> Nitei Gavriel [[Chanuka]] 62:4 </ref> | # Those who wear [[tefillin]] during [[mincha]] on a fast day, should recite [[mincha]] early on Friday so as not to have his [[tefillin]] on too close to [[Shabbat]].<ref> Nitei Gavriel [[Chanuka]] 62:4 </ref> | ||
# If [[Asara B'Tevet]] falls out to be on Friday one may taste the food if one spits it out and doesn’t swallow.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:61 based on Shulchan Aruch 567:1, Mishna Brurah 567:6, Kaf Hachaim 567:10 </ref> | # If [[Asara B'Tevet]] falls out to be on Friday one may taste the food if one spits it out and doesn’t swallow.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:61 based on Shulchan Aruch O.C. 567:1, Mishna Brurah 567:6, Kaf Hachaim 567:10 </ref> | ||
==Shiva Asar BeTamuz== | ==Shiva Asar BeTamuz== | ||
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===Pregnant or Nursing Women=== | ===Pregnant or Nursing Women=== | ||
# A pregnant woman need not fast on these fasts except for [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref> Rama 550:1, Shulchan Aruch 554:5, Pri Megadim Eishel Avraham 550:1, Aruch Hashulchan 550:3, Yechave Daat 1:35.<br /> | # A pregnant woman need not fast on these fasts except for [[Tisha BeAv]].<ref> Rama Orach Chaim 550:1, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 554:5, Pri Megadim Eishel Avraham 550:1, Aruch Hashulchan 550:3, Yechave Daat 1:35.<br /> | ||
The gemara in Pesachim 54b says that pregnant women and nursing women are required to fast on [[Yom Kippur]] and Tisha B'Av, implying that they are not required to fast on the other fast days. Hagahot Maimoniot Taaniot 5:1 says that this is because the other fasts are optional in nature. Yechave Daat 1:35 says that this begins from the end of the first trimester whether she feels the pain or not, unless she is having pains earlier in which case her exemption would start earlier. Mishna Brurah 550:3 and Aruch Hashulchan 550:3 say that it starts 40 days into pregnancy unless she has an unusual amount of pain. </ref> According to Ashkenazim, this is only true if the pregnant woman is having pain or they are weak, however, according to Sephardim, this is true even if the woman isn't in pain.<ref>Rama 550:1 writes that pregnant or nursing woman are exempt from the three fast days (except [[Tisha BeAv]]) only if they are in a lot of pain. Then he adds even if they're not in a lot of pain they're not obligated to fast but rather that is the minhag unless they are in pain. Mishna Brurah 550:5 writes that if the woman is weak she doesn't have to be strict to fast. Shulchan Aruch 554:5, however, seems to say that pregnant and nursing women are exempt whether or not they are in pain. Yalkut Yosef 550:9-10 rules that in general pregnant and nursing women are exempt from fasting on the three minor fasts besides for [[Tisha BeAv]].</ref>Nonetheless, if the woman isn't fasting she shouldn't eat to enjoyment but rather only what is necessary. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:5, Mishna Brurah 550:5</ref> | The gemara in Pesachim 54b says that pregnant women and nursing women are required to fast on [[Yom Kippur]] and Tisha B'Av, implying that they are not required to fast on the other fast days. Hagahot Maimoniot Taaniot 5:1 says that this is because the other fasts are optional in nature. Yechave Daat 1:35 says that this begins from the end of the first trimester whether she feels the pain or not, unless she is having pains earlier in which case her exemption would start earlier. Mishna Brurah 550:3 and Aruch Hashulchan 550:3 say that it starts 40 days into pregnancy unless she has an unusual amount of pain. </ref> According to Ashkenazim, this is only true if the pregnant woman is having pain or they are weak, however, according to Sephardim, this is true even if the woman isn't in pain.<ref>Rama 550:1 writes that pregnant or nursing woman are exempt from the three fast days (except [[Tisha BeAv]]) only if they are in a lot of pain. Then he adds even if they're not in a lot of pain they're not obligated to fast but rather that is the minhag unless they are in pain. Mishna Brurah 550:5 writes that if the woman is weak she doesn't have to be strict to fast. Shulchan Aruch 554:5, however, seems to say that pregnant and nursing women are exempt whether or not they are in pain. Yalkut Yosef 550:9-10 rules that in general pregnant and nursing women are exempt from fasting on the three minor fasts besides for [[Tisha BeAv]].</ref>Nonetheless, if the woman isn't fasting she shouldn't eat to enjoyment but rather only what is necessary. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:5, Mishna Brurah 550:5</ref> | ||
# A nursing woman is exempt from fasting on the fasts except for [[Tisha BeAv]]. Some say this includes a women who has finished nursing as long as she is within 2 years of the birth, and some say this only includes somebody who is actually nursing the baby.<ref> In Yechave Daat 1:35, Rav Ovadia Yosef concludes that if the woman feels sick she may eat, but if she feels like she can fast, she should try to fast. Or litzion 3:25:7 disagrees and says in that case she would only be exempt within thirty days of giving birth. This is also the ruling of Eishel Avraham Butchatch 550:1 </ref> | # A nursing woman is exempt from fasting on the fasts except for [[Tisha BeAv]]. Some say this includes a women who has finished nursing as long as she is within 2 years of the birth, and some say this only includes somebody who is actually nursing the baby.<ref> In Yechave Daat 1:35, Rav Ovadia Yosef concludes that if the woman feels sick she may eat, but if she feels like she can fast, she should try to fast. Or litzion 3:25:7 disagrees and says in that case she would only be exempt within thirty days of giving birth. This is also the ruling of Eishel Avraham Butchatch 550:1 </ref> | ||
# A pregnant or nursing woman who does not need to fast, does not need to make up the fast on a different day.<ref> Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:35 </ref> | # A pregnant or nursing woman who does not need to fast, does not need to make up the fast on a different day.<ref> Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:35 </ref> | ||
===Sick=== | ===Sick=== | ||
# One who is sick, even if there is no danger of dying is exempt from fasting and shouldn't fast.<ref> Mishna Brurah 550:4, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 531, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:35, Aruch Hashulchan 550:6, Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:123. </ref> | # One who is sick, even if there is no danger of dying is exempt from fasting and shouldn't fast.<ref> Mishna Brurah 550:4, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 531, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:35, Aruch Hashulchan 550:6, Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:123. </ref> | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
{{Holidays}} | |||
[[Category:Fasting]] | [[Category:Fasting]] | ||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
