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Fast Days: Difference between revisions
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see [[Tanit Ester]] page | see [[Tanit Ester]] page | ||
==Communal fast days== | ==Communal fast days== | ||
# The 3 minor fast day of Tzom Gedalya, Asara B'Tevet, and Shiva Asar B'Tamuz all mourn different aspects of the destruction of the Beit HaMikdash. There is a dispute whether nowadays these fasts are considered a binding communal practice or derived from the words of prophets.<ref>The Gemara Rosh Hashana 18b states based on the pasuk in Zecharya that if there's no Beit HaMikdash and persecution then these are fast days, if there's a Beit HaMikdash then they're holidays, however, if there's no Beit HaMikdash and no persecution these are dependent on the will of the people. The Maggid Mishna (Taniyot 5:5) writes that today it is only a minhag and will remain an obligation until the third Beit HaMikdash is built. The Tosfot (Megilah 5b s.v. verachatz) seems to agree. Regarding the communal practice changing see the Rashba (Rosh Hashana 18b s.v. ein shemad) who seems to assume that this communal practice could potentially change. See further on the [[minhag]] page. On the other hand, the Ramban (Torat HaAdam, Shaar HaAvelut, Inyan Aveilut Yeshana) who writes that today it was accepted as a obligation and today there is persecution in at least a segment of Israel, so it is a obligatory because of the words of the Navi. Tur 550 seems to agree. | |||
* Levush 550:1, Magen Avraham 550:1, and Mishna Brurah 550:1 hold that primarily the minor fasts today are obligatory as communal practices when there isn't persecution. It is noteworthy that the Aruch Hashulchan 549:5 writes that it is obligatory today from the words of the Navi. </ref> | |||
===Who Fasts=== | ===Who Fasts=== | ||
# Everybody is obligated to fasts on these public fast days. <ref> Rambam Hilchot Taanit 1:4, Shulchan Aruch 550:1, Chayei Adam 133:6, Yabia Omer 1:33, Mishna Brurah 550:1, Aruch Hashulchan 459:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:11. </ref> | # Everybody is obligated to fasts on these public fast days. <ref> Rambam Hilchot Taanit 1:4, Shulchan Aruch 550:1, Chayei Adam 133:6, Yabia Omer 1:33, Mishna Brurah 550:1, Aruch Hashulchan 459:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:11. </ref> | ||
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===When does the fast end?=== | ===When does the fast end?=== | ||
# Any fast which one didn’t complete until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is considered as though one didn't fast. <Ref> S”A 562:1, Mordechai Taanis 631, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 529. The Gemara in Taanit 12a says that the sun | # Any fast which one didn’t complete until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is considered as though one didn't fast. <Ref> S”A 562:1, Mordechai Taanis 631, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 529. The Gemara in Taanit 12a says that to be considered a fast a person needs to wait until the sun completes to set. Rabbeinu Yona quoted by the Rosh [[Shabbat]] 2:23 says from this gemara that the fast concludes at sunset. However, the Rosh himself in Taanit 1:12 says that the gemara is referring to the completion of the setting of the sun, namely tzet kavochavim. This is the source of the Shulchan Aruch 562:1. Aruch Hashulchan 562:9 and the Gra 562:2 say that since there are some rishonim who follow Rabbeinu Yona anyone who is lenient and relies on them should not be rebuked for it. See Aruch Hashulchan there who thinks this is also the opinion of the Rambam. | ||
* The Gemara Pesachim 54b implies that only Tisha B'Av is treated like Yom Kippur and it is forbidden to eat during Ben Hashemashot, however, it would be permitted to eat during the Ben Hashemashot. See the Avnei Nezer OC 429 for a fascinating explanation as to why that conclusion is correct. The Shaar HaTziyun 562:1 writes that even for the minor fast days we wait until the tzet hakochavim because we're concerned about the opinion of Rabbi Yose that Ben Hashemashot only begins after the Ben Hashemashot of Rabbi Yehuda ends. He notes from the Korban Netanel that we can't be lenient both to allow eating during Ben Hashemashot and also to follow the Ben Hashemashot of Rabbi Yehuda. </ref> | |||
# Some poskim allow somebody who ends [[Shabbat]] according to the time of Rabbeinu Tam, to be lenient and end these rabbinic fasts according to the time of the Gra, <ref> Yalkut Yosef 293:4, Shearim Metzuyanim Bihalacha 123:4, Nitei Gavriel Bein Hamitzarim page 57 </ref> while other say he should wait <ref> Yisroel V’hazemanim 1:pages 573-578, Nitei Gavriel bein hamitzarim page 58. </ref> | # Some poskim allow somebody who ends [[Shabbat]] according to the time of Rabbeinu Tam, to be lenient and end these rabbinic fasts according to the time of the Gra, <ref> Yalkut Yosef 293:4, Shearim Metzuyanim Bihalacha 123:4, Nitei Gavriel Bein Hamitzarim page 57 </ref> while other say he should wait <ref> Yisroel V’hazemanim 1:pages 573-578, Nitei Gavriel bein hamitzarim page 58. </ref> | ||
====Travel==== | ====Travel==== | ||
