Eruv Tavshilin: Difference between revisions
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If [[Yom Tov]] falls out on Friday (or on Thursday and Friday outside Israel), in general, one may not cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]], however, if one cooked and there was leftovers it may be eaten on [[Shabbat]]. Yet, if one designated an Eruv Tavshilin from before [[Yom Tov]] then it’s permissible to cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 527:1, Kitzur S"A 102:1 </ref> | If [[Yom Tov]] falls out on Friday (or on Thursday and Friday outside Israel), in general, one may not cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]], however, if one cooked and there was leftovers it may be eaten on [[Shabbat]]. Yet, if one designated an Eruv Tavshilin from before [[Yom Tov]] then it’s permissible to cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]].<ref>S”A 527:1, Kitzur S"A 102:1 </ref> | ||
==Procedure and text== | ==Procedure and text== | ||
# One should hold the cooked and baked foods in one's right hand as one says the Bracha and Eruv stipulation. <Ref>Laws of [[Yom Tov]] (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 279) quoting Sh"t Chaim Shaal 29</ref> | # One should hold the cooked and baked foods in one's right hand as one says the Bracha and Eruv stipulation. <Ref>Laws of [[Yom Tov]] (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 279) quoting Sh"t Chaim Shaal 29</ref> | ||
# The text of the Bracha for Eruv Tavshilin is: ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על מצות עירוב. Then one should make the following stipulation: בדין יהא שרי לן לאפויי ולבשולי ולאטמוני ולאדלוקי שרגא ולמעבד כל צרכנא מיום טוב לשבת , meaning, "With this Eruv it should be permitted for us to bake, cook, insulate food, light a candle, and do any need from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]". One must understand what one is saying and if one doesn't understand the Aramaic one should say it in a language one understands. <ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 527:12, Kitzur S"A 102:1. See Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 294) who leaves out the text ולאטמוני and לנא ולפלוני ולפלוני או לכל בני העיר הזאת. </ref> | # The text of the Bracha for Eruv Tavshilin is: ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על מצות עירוב. Then one should make the following stipulation: בדין יהא שרי לן לאפויי ולבשולי ולאטמוני ולאדלוקי שרגא ולמעבד כל צרכנא מיום טוב לשבת , meaning, "With this Eruv it should be permitted for us to bake, cook, insulate food, light a candle, and do any need from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]". One must understand what one is saying and if one doesn't understand the Aramaic one should say it in a language one understands.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 527:12, Kitzur S"A 102:1. See Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 294) who leaves out the text ולאטמוני and לנא ולפלוני ולפלוני או לכל בני העיר הזאת. </ref> | ||
==What foods should be used for Eruv Tavshilin?== | ==What foods should be used for Eruv Tavshilin?== | ||
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==After making Eruv Tavshilin, what are the laws of cooking on [[Yom Tov]]== | ==After making Eruv Tavshilin, what are the laws of cooking on [[Yom Tov]]== | ||
# Eruv Tavshilin only permits one to cook on Friday for Shabbat and not Thursday for Shabbat.<ref>Ran (Beitzah 9b) explains that the rabbis only permitted cooking with an eruv tavshilin on Friday for Shabbat since that food is prepare for a more immediate use than if it was cooked on Thursday. Shulchan Aruch 527:13 codifies this halacha. See the Rash Mrovzavitz (cited in Yalkut Mefarshim of Oz Vehadar on Rif p. 69) who suggests that according to Rav Chisda (Pesachim 46b) this would be a Biblical prohibition. </ref> | # Eruv Tavshilin only permits one to cook on Friday for Shabbat and not Thursday for Shabbat.<ref>Ran (Beitzah 9b) explains that the rabbis only permitted cooking with an eruv tavshilin on Friday for Shabbat since that food is prepare for a more immediate use than if it was cooked on Thursday. Shulchan Aruch 527:13 codifies this halacha. See the Rash Mrovzavitz (cited in Yalkut Mefarshim of Oz Vehadar on Rif p. 69) who suggests that according to Rav Chisda (Pesachim 46b) this would be a Biblical prohibition. </ref> | ||
# One should prepare the food on [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]] earlier in the day so that it will complete [[cooking]] well before [[Shabbat]] so that it’s possible it could have been used on [[Yom Tov]]. If it turns out that there’s not enough time to complete the [[cooking]] until right before [[Shabbat]], if it’s [[Yom Tov]] Sheni one may be lenient, but if it’s the first day of [[Yom Tov]] then one shouldn’t be lenient unless it’s a time of great need. <ref>Mishna Brurah 527:3. | # One should prepare the food on [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]] earlier in the day so that it will complete [[cooking]] well before [[Shabbat]] so that it’s possible it could have been used on [[Yom Tov]]. If it turns out that there’s not enough time to complete the [[cooking]] until right before [[Shabbat]], if it’s [[Yom Tov]] Sheni one may be lenient, but if it’s the first day of [[Yom Tov]] then one shouldn’t be lenient unless it’s a time of great need.<ref>Mishna Brurah 527:3. | ||
* The Gemara Pesachim 46b discusses why on a Biblical level it is permitted to cook on Yom Tov for Shabbat. Rabba explains that it is because one's cooking is permitted on a Biblical level if potentially guests could have come to eat it. Rav Chisda explains that Biblically it is permitted to cook from Yom Tov for Shabbat. On a rabbinic level an eruv tavshilin is necessary as the gemara Beitzah 15b explains either to ensure that there is enough food on Shabbat or to protect the kedusha of Yom Tov. </ref> However, some defend the practice to permit [[cooking]] until sunset of Friday. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 527:3 </ref> | * The Gemara Pesachim 46b discusses why on a Biblical level it is permitted to cook on Yom Tov for Shabbat. Rabba explains that it is because one's cooking is permitted on a Biblical level if potentially guests could have come to eat it. Rav Chisda explains that Biblically it is permitted to cook from Yom Tov for Shabbat. On a rabbinic level an eruv tavshilin is necessary as the gemara Beitzah 15b explains either to ensure that there is enough food on Shabbat or to protect the kedusha of Yom Tov. </ref> However, some defend the practice to permit [[cooking]] until sunset of Friday. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 527:3 </ref> | ||
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==Eating the Eruv Tavshilin== | ==Eating the Eruv Tavshilin== | ||
# Some have the minhag to eat the Eruv Tavshilin for [[Seudat Shelishit]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 102:1 </ref> | # Some have the minhag to eat the Eruv Tavshilin for [[Seudat Shelishit]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 102:1 </ref> | ||
# If the Eruv is eaten or lost one may not continue to cook on [[Yom Tov]] in preparation of [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 527:15 </ref> | # If the Eruv is eaten or lost one may not continue to cook on [[Yom Tov]] in preparation of [[Shabbat]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch 527:15 </ref> | ||
==If one forgot to make Eruv Tavshilin== | ==If one forgot to make Eruv Tavshilin== | ||
# There’s a mitzvah to make an Eruv Tavshilin upon each individual and also upon the leader or Rabbi of the city on behalf of the whole city. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 527:7 </ref> | # There’s a mitzvah to make an Eruv Tavshilin upon each individual and also upon the leader or Rabbi of the city on behalf of the whole city. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 527:7 </ref> | ||
