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Eruv Tavshilin: Difference between revisions
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If [[Yom Tov]] falls out on Friday (or on Thursday and Friday outside Israel), in general, one may not cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]], however, if one cooked and there was leftovers it may be eaten on [[Shabbat]]. Yet, if one designated an Eruv Tavshilin from before [[Yom Tov]] then it’s permissible to cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 527:1 </ref> | If [[Yom Tov]] falls out on Friday (or on Thursday and Friday outside Israel), in general, one may not cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]], however, if one cooked and there was leftovers it may be eaten on [[Shabbat]]. Yet, if one designated an Eruv Tavshilin from before [[Yom Tov]] then it’s permissible to cook or bake from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 527:1, Kitzur S"A 102:1 </ref> | ||
==Procedure and text== | ==Procedure and text== | ||
# One should hold the cooked and baked foods in one's right hand as one says the Bracha and | # One should hold the cooked and baked foods in one's right hand as one says the Bracha and Eruv stipulation. <Ref>Laws of [[Yom Tov]] (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 279) quoting Sh"t Chaim Shaal 29</ref> | ||
# The text of the Bracha for | # The text of the Bracha for Eruv Tavshilin is: ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו על מצות עירוב. Then one should make the following stipulation: בדין יהא שרי לן לאפויי ולבשולי ולאטמוני ולאדלוקי שרגא ולמעבד כל צרכנא מיום טוב לשבת , meaning, "With this Eruv it should be permitted for us to bake, cook, insulate food, light a candle, and do any need from [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]]". One must understand what one is saying and if one doesn't understand the Aramaic one should say it in a language one understands. <ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 527:12, Kitzur S"A 102:1. See Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 294) who leaves out the text ולאטמוני and לנא ולפלוני ולפלוני או לכל בני העיר הזאת. </ref> | ||
==What foods should be used for | ==What foods should be used for Eruv Tavshilin?== | ||
# A baked item such as bread and a cooked dish should be used for the Eruv Tavshilin. <Ref>S”A 527:2 </ref> The cooked dish must be something which is usually eaten with bread such as a piece of meat, fish, or eggs. <Ref>S”A 527:4, Mishna Brurah 527:11 </ref> | # A baked item such as bread and a cooked dish should be used for the Eruv Tavshilin. <Ref>S”A 527:2 </ref> The cooked dish must be something which is usually eaten with bread such as a piece of meat, fish, or eggs. <Ref>S”A 527:4, Mishna Brurah 527:11 </ref> | ||
# If one made the | # If one made the Eruv Tavshilin only using one cooked dish, after the fact it’s permissible. <Ref>S”A 527:2 </ref> | ||
# If one made the | # If one made the Eruv Tavshilin only using one baked item, like bread, this isn’t considered a proper Eruv. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:7 </ref> | ||
# If one is only going to cook and not bake then one only needs one cooked dish. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:6 </ref> | # If one is only going to cook and not bake then one only needs one cooked dish. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:6 </ref> | ||
===Size of | ===Size of Eruv Tavshilin=== | ||
# The one baked dish and one cooked dish must be the size of a [[Kezayit]] and it’s preferable to use a whole loaf of bread and significant piece of meat or fish. <Ref>S”A 527:3 writes that the baked and cooked dish should be the size of a [[Kezayit]]. Rama 527:3 adds that the bread should preferably be the size of a [[Kebaytzah]]. Mishna Brurah 527:8 adds that it is a Hiddur Mitzvah to use a whole loaf of bread and significant piece of meat or fish.</ref> | # The one baked dish and one cooked dish must be the size of a [[Kezayit]] and it’s preferable to use a whole loaf of bread and significant piece of meat or fish. <Ref>S”A 527:3 writes that the baked and cooked dish should be the size of a [[Kezayit]]. Rama 527:3 adds that the bread should preferably be the size of a [[Kebaytzah]]. Kitzur S"A 102:1 agrees. Mishna Brurah 527:8 adds that it is a Hiddur Mitzvah to use a whole loaf of bread and significant piece of meat or fish.</ref> | ||
==After making | ==After making Eruv Tavshilin, what are the laws of cooking on [[Yom Tov]]== | ||
# | # Eruv Tavshilin only permits one to cook on Friday however, if the first day of [[Yom Tov]] is on Thursday and the second one on Friday one may not cook from Thursday for [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S”A 527:13 </ref> | ||
# One should prepare the food on [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]] earlier in the day so that it will complete [[cooking]] well before [[Shabbat]] so that it’s possible it could have been used on [[Yom Tov]]. If it turns out that there’s not enough time to complete the [[cooking]] until right before [[Shabbat]], if it’s [[Yom Tov]] Sheni one may be lenient, but if it’s the first day of [[Yom Tov]] then one shouldn’t be lenient unless it’s a time of great need. <ref>Mishna Brurah 527:3 </ref> However, some defend the practice to permit [[cooking]] until sunset of Friday. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 527:3 </ref> | # One should prepare the food on [[Yom Tov]] for [[Shabbat]] earlier in the day so that it will complete [[cooking]] well before [[Shabbat]] so that it’s possible it could have been used on [[Yom Tov]]. If it turns out that there’s not enough time to complete the [[cooking]] until right before [[Shabbat]], if it’s [[Yom Tov]] Sheni one may be lenient, but if it’s the first day of [[Yom Tov]] then one shouldn’t be lenient unless it’s a time of great need. <ref>Mishna Brurah 527:3 </ref> However, some defend the practice to permit [[cooking]] until sunset of Friday. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 527:3 </ref> | ||
==Eating the | ==Eating the Eruv Tavshilin== | ||
# Some have the minhag to eat the | # Some have the minhag to eat the Eruv Tavshilin for [[Seudat Shelishit]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:11, Kitzur S"A 102:1 </ref> | ||
# If the | # If the Eruv is eaten or lost one may not continue to cook on [[Yom Tov]] in preparation of [[Shabbat]]. <ref> S”A 527:15 </ref> | ||
==If one forgot to make | ==If one forgot to make Eruv Tavshilin== | ||
# There’s a mitzvah to make an | # There’s a mitzvah to make an Eruv Tavshilin upon each individual and also upon the leader or Rabbi of the city. <Ref>S”A 527:7 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot, was unable, or didn’t know how to make | # If one forgot, was unable, or didn’t know how to make Eruv tavshilin, the first time one may rely on the Eruv Tavshilin of the Rabbi of the town. However, if one had the ability but wanted to rely on the Rabbi of the town or if he forgot twice, he may not rely on the Rabbi’s Eruv. <Ref>S”A 527:7, Mishna Brurah 527:22 </ref> | ||
# If one didn’t make | # If one didn’t make Eruv Tavshilin according to some poskim one may not light [[Shabbat]] candles on [[Yom Tov]] which falls out on Friday. <Ref>S”A 527:19 </ref>Therefore, in such a case one should give the candles to another Jew and let them light for him or only light one candle. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 527:55 </ref> | ||
# If [[Yom Tov]] (excluding the two days of [[Rosh Hashana]]) falls out on Thursday and Friday, and one forgot to make | # If [[Yom Tov]] (excluding the two days of [[Rosh Hashana]]) falls out on Thursday and Friday, and one forgot to make Eruv Tavshilin before [[yom Tov]] one may make Eruv Tavshilin on the first day and stipulate “If today is [[Yom Tov]] then there’s no need for an eruv and if today isn’t [[Yom Tov]] then the eruv should be set aside in order to permit [[cooking]] and baking.” <Ref>S”A 527:22 </ref> | ||
# Some say that it’s preferable to make such a stipulation while others say that in such a case it’s better to rely on the | # Some say that it’s preferable to make such a stipulation while others say that in such a case it’s better to rely on the Eruv of the Rabbi of the town. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 527:21 </ref> | ||
==Links== | |||
# Article on [http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2327/jewish/Eruv-Tavshilin.htm Eruv Tavshilin] on Chabad.org | |||
# Article on [http://www.torahweb.org/torah/2009/moadim/rsac_shavuos.html Eruv Tavshilin] by Rabbi Yonason Sacks | |||
# [http://www.yutorah.com/lectures/lecture.cfm/748954/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/ten-minute-halacha-eruv-tavshilin-practical-/ Ten Minute Halacha Eruv Tavshilin] by Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
