Erev Pesach: Difference between revisions
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* Many commentators wonder what the nature of this prohibition is today, considering the fact that we lack the opportunity to bring the korbon Pesach. The Ba’al Ha’maor (Pesachim 16b in the dapei HaRif) contends that the prohibition is solely based on minhag and the mitzvah of “sha’al avicha veyageidcha” (Devarim 32:7). Others, such as the Ramban (ibid), contend that the prohibition still applies because it was established by the rabanan and was not uprooted with the loss of the Beis Hamikdash. | * Many commentators wonder what the nature of this prohibition is today, considering the fact that we lack the opportunity to bring the korbon Pesach. The Ba’al Ha’maor (Pesachim 16b in the dapei HaRif) contends that the prohibition is solely based on minhag and the mitzvah of “sha’al avicha veyageidcha” (Devarim 32:7). Others, such as the Ramban (ibid), contend that the prohibition still applies because it was established by the rabanan and was not uprooted with the loss of the Beis Hamikdash. | ||
* A close analysis of the Rambam indicates a different understanding of this prohibition. Initially, one may be confused as to whether the Rambam thinks this prohibition is due to the korban Pesach or more general Yom Tov concerns. On one hand, the Rambam places this prohibition in Hilchos Yom Tov (8:17-18) and not in Hilchos Korbon Pesach. He places the issur alongside the issur to perform melacha (from zman mincha and on) by other Yomim Tovim. Additionally, the Rambam compares this issur to that of Chol HaMoed and refers to both prohibitions as midivrei sofrim. On the other hand, however, the Rambam explains that the prohibition on erev pesach is more pronounced because of the shechitas hapesach and chagiga. This seems to be highlighting the prohibition’s connection to the korbon Pesach. To answer this question, we may be able to suggest that the Rambam thinks that the hakrava of the korbon Pesach generates a quasi-yom tov with its own unique issur melacha. The practical impossibility of bringing the korbon Pesach does not cause the “Yom Tov” of korbon Pesach to cease to exist. (See the Shulchan Aruch HaRav (Orach Chayim 468:1) for a variation of this approach. The Ba’al HaTanya claims that the general prohibition to perform melacha on the day that one brings a korbon is rabbinic in nature. The issur melacha on erev pesach is an extension of this general principle. Hence, erev Pesach is a rabbinic yom tov that was placed on all of am Yisroel.) | * A close analysis of the Rambam indicates a different understanding of this prohibition. Initially, one may be confused as to whether the Rambam thinks this prohibition is due to the korban Pesach or more general Yom Tov concerns. On one hand, the Rambam places this prohibition in Hilchos Yom Tov (8:17-18) and not in Hilchos Korbon Pesach. He places the issur alongside the issur to perform melacha (from zman mincha and on) by other Yomim Tovim. Additionally, the Rambam compares this issur to that of Chol HaMoed and refers to both prohibitions as midivrei sofrim. On the other hand, however, the Rambam explains that the prohibition on erev pesach is more pronounced because of the shechitas hapesach and chagiga. This seems to be highlighting the prohibition’s connection to the korbon Pesach. To answer this question, we may be able to suggest that the Rambam thinks that the hakrava of the korbon Pesach generates a quasi-yom tov with its own unique issur melacha. The practical impossibility of bringing the korbon Pesach does not cause the “Yom Tov” of korbon Pesach to cease to exist. (See the Shulchan Aruch HaRav (Orach Chayim 468:1) for a variation of this approach. The Ba’al HaTanya claims that the general prohibition to perform melacha on the day that one brings a korbon is rabbinic in nature. The issur melacha on erev pesach is an extension of this general principle. Hence, erev Pesach is a rabbinic yom tov that was placed on all of am Yisroel.) | ||
* Pnei Yehoshua there explains that it is because the rabbis gave erev [[pesach]] the status of [[chol hamoed]]. | * Pnei Yehoshua there explains that it is because the rabbis gave erev [[pesach]] the status of [[chol hamoed]].</ref> If Erev Pesach falls out on Shabbat the prohibition to work on Erev Pesach does not apply to Friday.<ref>Beiur Halacha s.v. mechatzot u'limala explains that according to Tosafot's reason if [[Pesach]] falls out on erev [[shabbat]], melacha is not prohibited until [[mincha]]. But he adds that for Rashi the prohibition would still apply even when [[Pesach]] falls out on erev [[shabbat]] it would still be forbidden after mid-day, but concludes that most poskim hold like tosafot so one doesn't need to be stringent. Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 468:3:1 is lenient on work on Friday when Erev Pesach falls out on Shabbat. Nitai Gavriel 2:45:18 agrees. </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to ask a non-Jew to do work for you after midday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 468:1 quotes two opinions as to whether this is permitted. The Rama writes that the minhag is to be lenient. Yalkut Yosef 468:1 is also lenient.</ref> | |||
# It is permitted to ask a non-Jew to do work for you after midday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 468:1 quotes two opinions as to whether this is permitted. The Rama writes that the minhag is to be lenient. Yalkut Yosef 468:1 is also lenient.</ref> | #It is also forbidden to get a haircut or a shave unless by a non-Jew <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5. There is a discussion in the poskim as to whether it is prohibited for a Jew to give himself a haircut. The implication of the Rama in Yoreh Deah 399:3 is that it is permitted for one to give himself a haircut. However, later poskim dispute the issue. For example, see Shulchan Aruch HaRav 468:4 who rules that this is prohibited. Yalkut Yosef 468:7 permits a Jew to cut his own hair after chatzot if he forgot to cut it in the morning or beforehand.</ref>, to sew new clothing <ref> Rama 468:2 </ref>, and to do laundry except by a non-jew after mid-day.<ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Piskei Teshuvot 468:6 says that even for a Jew to use a washing machine is forbidden but says it is permitted to turn on the machine before mid-day even if it will do the washing afterwards. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 42 fnt. 139 isn’t sure about laundry in a laundry machine.</ref> Preferably one should cut his nails <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5. Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56 says this can be done without restrictions. Sha’ar HaTzion 468:7 writes that it is permitted to cut one’s nails after chatzos if he forgot to do so beforehand.</ref> and polish his shoes before mid-day.<ref> Yabia Omer 1:32, Shearim HaMitzuyanim BiHalacha 133:6, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 173, Piskei Teshuvos 468:4. Piskei Teshuvot 468:18 says polishing shoes is not allowed after [[chatzot]], as does the Kitzur HaShl"a quoted in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:301. </ref> All of the leniencies that apply to [[chol hamoed]] in these cases apply to erev [[pesach]] also.<ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Rambam Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] 8:18 says that on erev [[pesach]] after [[chatzot]] it is asur to do melacha midirabanan like [[chol hamoed]] and it is more lenient than [[chol hamoed]]. </ref> | ||
#It is also forbidden to get a haircut or a shave unless by a non-Jew <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5. There is a discussion in the poskim as to whether it is prohibited for a Jew to give himself a haircut. The implication of the Rama in Yoreh Deah 399:3 is that it is permitted for one to give himself a haircut. However, later poskim dispute the issue. For example, see Shulchan Aruch HaRav 468:4 who rules that this is prohibited. Yalkut Yosef 468:7 permits a Jew to cut his own hair after chatzot if he forgot to cut it in the morning or beforehand.</ref>, to sew new clothing <ref> Rama 468:2 </ref>, and to do laundry except by a non-jew after mid-day.<ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Piskei Teshuvot 468:6 says that even for a Jew to use a washing machine is forbidden but says it is permitted to turn on the machine before mid-day even if it will do the washing afterwards. </ref> Preferably one should cut his nails <ref> Mishna Brurah 468:5. Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56 says this can be done without restrictions. Sha’ar HaTzion 468:7 writes that it is permitted to cut one’s nails after chatzos if he forgot to do so beforehand.</ref> and polish his shoes before mid-day.<ref> Yabia Omer 1:32, Shearim HaMitzuyanim BiHalacha 133:6, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42 note 173, Piskei Teshuvos 468:4. Piskei Teshuvot 468:18 says polishing shoes is not allowed after [[chatzot]], as does the Kitzur HaShl"a quoted in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:301. </ref> All of the leniencies that apply to [[chol hamoed]] in these cases apply to erev [[pesach]] also.<ref> Mishna Brurah 468:7. Rambam Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] 8:18 says that on erev [[pesach]] after [[chatzot]] it is asur to do melacha midirabanan like [[chol hamoed]] and it is more lenient than [[chol hamoed]]. </ref> | #It is permissible to iron clothes,<ref> Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 42 fnt. 139, Yalkut Yosef 468:10. Yalkut Yosef 468:13 writes that one may start a washing machine before midday although it will certainly continue to run after midday.</ref> sew buttons, or perform minor mending even in a skilled manner.<ref> Rama O.C. 468:2. Mishna Brurah 468:8 writes that you can also do these things for others without pay. </ref> | ||
#It is permissible to iron clothes,<ref> Orchot Rabbeinu vol. 2 page 56, Yalkut Yosef 468:10. Yalkut Yosef 468:13 writes that one may start a washing machine before midday although it will certainly continue to run after midday | |||
# Although a person should take a hair cut and shave before [[chatzot]] if a person forgot there is what to rely upon to do so after chatzot unless he can find a non-Jew to do it in which case it is better to pay the non-Jew to do it.<ref>Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 2 p. 251, 46:5 based on Chazon Ovadia p. 89 and Shaarim Hametzuyim Bhalacha 113. Yalkut Yosef 468:7 permits shaving yourself if you forgot to do it after chatzot. He doesn't require getting a non-Jew.</ref> | # Although a person should take a hair cut and shave before [[chatzot]] if a person forgot there is what to rely upon to do so after chatzot unless he can find a non-Jew to do it in which case it is better to pay the non-Jew to do it.<ref>Nitai Gavriel Pesach v. 2 p. 251, 46:5 based on Chazon Ovadia p. 89 and Shaarim Hametzuyim Bhalacha 113. Yalkut Yosef 468:7 permits shaving yourself if you forgot to do it after chatzot. He doesn't require getting a non-Jew.</ref> | ||
