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Electricity on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# According to many poskim it is Biblically forbidden to turn on oven or warming plate. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:3 </ref> | # According to many poskim it is Biblically forbidden to turn on oven or warming plate. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:3 </ref> | ||
# In Israel, the widespread minhag is to leave electric appliances running on [[Shabbat]] even though the electric companies are run by Jews who violate [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:1 </ref> | # In Israel, the widespread minhag is to leave electric appliances running on [[Shabbat]] even though the electric companies are run by Jews who violate [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:1 </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to turn off or dim an electric light. <ref> While Melamed Lehoil OC 49, Kuntres Gorem HaMalot 185, Maharsham 2:146, Minchat Shlomo pages 85-88 and pages 107-109, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah 13:1 all say this prohibition is rabbinic and this is the conclusion by [ | # It is forbidden to turn off or dim an electric light. <ref> While Melamed Lehoil OC 49, Kuntres Gorem HaMalot 185, Maharsham 2:146, Minchat Shlomo pages 85-88 and pages 107-109, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah 13:1 all say this prohibition is rabbinic and this is the conclusion by [http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/english/journal/broyde_1.htm. Rabbi Jachter and Rabbi Broyde]. Machaze Avarham OC 41 and Beit Yitzchak YD 2:31:8 say it is a violation from the torah. </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to turn off any electric appliance. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:5 </ref> | # It is forbidden to turn off any electric appliance. <ref>Menuchat Ahava 24:5 </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to pick up a phone off the receiver, speak on a phone, or return the phone to the receiver on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Menuchat Ahava 24:6,8,9 </ref> | # It is forbidden to pick up a phone off the receiver, speak on a phone, or return the phone to the receiver on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Menuchat Ahava 24:6,8,9 </ref> | ||
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# It's permitted to open a refrigerator door when the motor is running as long as the light was disabled from before [[Shabbat]], however, when it is not running it's proper not to open the refrigerator. <ref> | # It's permitted to open a refrigerator door when the motor is running as long as the light was disabled from before [[Shabbat]], however, when it is not running it's proper not to open the refrigerator. <ref> | ||
* Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 8:12(4) and 12:92, Eidut LeYisrael p. 122 and 151, Sh"t Minchat Shlomo 1:10, and Shabbos Home (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, vol 2, pg 482) quoting Rav Moshe (even though he was strict in his Teshuvot), Rav Benzion Meir Chai Uziel in Piskei Uziel 15, Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted by Rav Aharon Lichtenstein (http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/english/journal/broyde_1.htm), and the conclusion in that article is that the minhag among American Jewry is to be lenient. | * Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 8:12(4) and 12:92, Eidut LeYisrael p. 122 and 151, Sh"t Minchat Shlomo 1:10, and Shabbos Home (Rabbi Simcha Cohen, vol 2, pg 482) quoting Rav Moshe (even though he was strict in his Teshuvot), Rav Benzion Meir Chai Uziel in Piskei Uziel 15, Rav Joseph B. Soloveitchik quoted by Rav Aharon Lichtenstein (http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/english/journal/broyde_1.htm), and the conclusion in that article is that the minhag among American Jewry is to be lenient. | ||
* Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:68, 4:74, Sh"t Har Tzvi 1:151, Sh"t Chelkat Yacov 3:179 (in new edition 1:77), Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 2:16, and Sh"t Az Nidabru 2:36 only permit opening the refrigerator when the motor is running but when it is not running one should not open it. | * Sh"t Igrot Moshe 2:68, 4:74, Sh"t Har Tzvi 1:151, Sh"t Chelkat Yacov 3:179 (in new edition 1:77), Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 2:16 and 3:24, Mishnat Rabbi Aharon 1:4 and Sh"t Az Nidabru 2:36 only permit opening the refrigerator when the motor is running but when it is not running one should not open it. | ||
* Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 1:21 and Menuchat Ahava 24:19 writes that it's very proper not to open the refrigerator except when the motor is running. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (10:12) recommends setting the refrigerator to a timer. | * Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 1:21 and Menuchat Ahava 24:19 writes that it's very proper not to open the refrigerator except when the motor is running. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (10:12) recommends setting the refrigerator to a timer. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/742318/Rabbi_Mordechai_I_Willig/Halacha_Engages_Modernity_-_Part_8_-_Electrical_Appliances_(Part_1) Rabbi Willig (min 33-35)] says that using a water fountain on Shabbat depends on how long it takes for the motor to turn on. He mentions that one shouldn't use a water fountain which clearly will have the motor go on with a single regular use. However, he did not say this as a defintive ruling but in passing. | ||
[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/742318/Rabbi_Mordechai_I_Willig/Halacha_Engages_Modernity_-_Part_8_-_Electrical_Appliances_(Part_1) Rabbi Willig (min 33-35)] says that using a water fountain on Shabbat depends on how long it takes for the motor to turn on. He mentions that one shouldn't use a water fountain which clearly will have the motor go on with a single regular use. However, he did not say this as a defintive ruling but in passing.</ref> | see http://www.zomet.org.il/Eng/?CategoryID=253&ArticleID=143 or http://www.star-k.org/kashrus/kk-cooling-keepcool.htm for details on other problems with refrigerators. </ref> If one forgot to disable the light he is permitted to ask a gentile to open or close the refrigerator for him. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Chelek 4 Shabbat 5 page 229, Iggerot Moshe OC 2:68, and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah 3:31. Rabbi Rieger in Hapardes 1934 volume 3 rules that one is even allowed to open up the refrigerator himself if he knows the light will turn on because it is a psik reishe dilo nicha leih but the aforementioned poskim all reject that opinion either because psik reishe dilo nicha leih is not permitted and they also argue that it is nicha leih because had it not been shabbat one would certainly want the light to help him see (see minchat shlomo page 91), and say that one should get a gentile to do it for him. [http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/english/journal/broyde_1.htm Rabbi Broyde and Rabbi Jachter] permit even asking a Jew who doesn't know that the light will turn on as this would fall under the category of mitasek. Iggerot Moshe OC 2:68 and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchitah 31:1 also permit hinting to the gentile to disable the light so that the refrigerator could be used for the remainder of shabbat, but not telling him directly. </ref> | ||
==Setting timers before Shabbat== | ==Setting timers before Shabbat== | ||
# It is permitted before [[Shabbat]] to set a timer for lights or other electric appliances to go on or off on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Sh"t Maharam Shik 157, Chazon Ish 38:2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 13:26, Menuchat Ahava 24:30, Sh"t Yabea Omer 3:17 </ref> | # It is permitted before [[Shabbat]] to set a timer for lights or other electric appliances to go on or off on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Sh"t Maharam Shik 157, Chazon Ish 38:2, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 13:26, Menuchat Ahava 24:30, Sh"t Yabea Omer 3:17 </ref> | ||
