Electricity on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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===Watches=== | ===Watches=== | ||
#Most poskim are lenient to allow wearing an automatically winding watch if it is still running.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 6:35 writes that according to his opinion that as long as the watch is still running then it is certainly permitted to wear a watch that self-winds while it is still running. He adds that even those who hold that it is forbidden should agree with the automatic watch since it is a pesik reisha dlo nicha leh on a derabbanan. Additionally, it could be a shinuy and also derech levisha (Rav Poalim 1:26). Shaalei Tziyon 11, Chelkat Yakov 1:75, Tzitz Eliezer 9:20, Shemirat Shabbat Khilchata ch. 28 fnt. 57, and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=750 Rabbi Mansour] agree that an automatic watch is permitted. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman who was lenient since fundamentally when the watch is still running it isn't fixing to wind it especially in that it is "fixed" with the simple action of just swinging one's hand. Tzitz Eliezer's reason is that many permit winding the watch while it is still running and here it is a dvar sheino mitchaven and a shinuy. Az Nidbaru 2:39 says it is forbidden. </ref> | #Most poskim are lenient to allow wearing an automatically winding watch if it is still running.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 6:35 writes that according to his opinion that as long as the watch is still running then it is certainly permitted to wear a watch that self-winds while it is still running. He adds that even those who hold that it is forbidden should agree with the automatic watch since it is a pesik reisha dlo nicha leh on a derabbanan. Additionally, it could be a shinuy and also derech levisha (Rav Poalim 1:26). Shaalei Tziyon 11, Chelkat Yakov 1:75, Tzitz Eliezer 9:20, Shemirat Shabbat Khilchata ch. 28 fnt. 57, and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=750 Rabbi Mansour] agree that an automatic watch is permitted. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman who was lenient since fundamentally when the watch is still running it isn't fixing to wind it especially in that it is "fixed" with the simple action of just swinging one's hand. Tzitz Eliezer's reason is that many permit winding the watch while it is still running and here it is a dvar sheino mitchaven and a shinuy. Az Nidbaru 2:39 says it is forbidden. Tiferet 308:149 quotes the Rav Ish Matzliach Mazuz used to wear an automatic watch on Shabbat (Menuchat Ahava 3:24:15).</ref> | ||
#According to many poskim the same is true of an electric automatic watch that it may be worn on Shabbat.<ref>The reasons for the mechanical self-winding watch seem to apply to the electric recharging watch as well. See above. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=en&pageid=4&cat=7&newsletter=1027&article=3894 Rabbi Daniel Mann on eretzhemdah.org] holds that it is permissible to wear the kinetic watch on Shabbat since the transfer of mechanic energy to electrical energy in a battery back into mechanical energy doesn’t create any circuit and is permitted. Additionally, it is similar to some of the arguments made about the automatic watch (that it is a pesik reisha, shinuy, derech levisha). [http://dinonline.org/2014/09/07/wearing-kinetic-watch-on-shabbos/ Rabbi Pfeffer on dinonline.org], [http://shut.moreshet.co.il/shut2.asp?id=9698 Rabbi Yisrael Rozen], and [http://www.yeshiva.co/ask/?id=4064 Rabbi Li’or on yeshiva.co] agree.</ref> However, some hold that it is forbidden to wear an electric automatic watch or solar powered watch on Shabbat.<ref>Orchot Shabbat v. 3 26:50 concludes that it is forbidden since one's movements cause the electric charge to cause the watch to function. He also forbids a solar watch. [http://revach.net/ask/article.php?id=1509 Rabbi Moncharsh on revach.net] holds that it is forbidden to wear an electric automatic watch on Shabbat.</ref> | #According to many poskim the same is true of an electric automatic watch that it may be worn on Shabbat.<ref>The reasons for the mechanical self-winding watch seem to apply to the electric recharging watch as well. See above. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=en&pageid=4&cat=7&newsletter=1027&article=3894 Rabbi Daniel Mann on eretzhemdah.org] holds that it is permissible to wear the kinetic watch on Shabbat since the transfer of mechanic energy to electrical energy in a battery back into mechanical energy doesn’t create any circuit and is permitted. Additionally, it is similar to some of the arguments made about the automatic watch (that it is a pesik reisha, shinuy, derech levisha). [http://dinonline.org/2014/09/07/wearing-kinetic-watch-on-shabbos/ Rabbi Pfeffer on dinonline.org], [http://shut.moreshet.co.il/shut2.asp?id=9698 Rabbi Yisrael Rozen], and [http://www.yeshiva.co/ask/?id=4064 Rabbi Li’or on yeshiva.co] agree.</ref> However, some hold that it is forbidden to wear an electric automatic watch or solar powered watch on Shabbat.<ref>Orchot Shabbat v. 3 26:50 concludes that it is forbidden since one's movements cause the electric charge to cause the watch to function. He also forbids a solar watch. [http://revach.net/ask/article.php?id=1509 Rabbi Moncharsh on revach.net] holds that it is forbidden to wear an electric automatic watch on Shabbat.</ref> | ||
#Winding a watch that stopped on Shabbat is forbidden.<ref>Chayei Adam 114:19 writes that it is biblically forbidden to wind a watch on Shabbat since it is metaken like Eruvin 103a which says if harp string snaps it is a melacha to fix it. The Tiferet Yisrael in Kalkelet Hashabbat no. 38 argues that it isn’t a biblical prohibition since tying a string on the harp is assembling parts of a instrument but when winding a watch there are no parts being attached. Chazon Ish also asks this but answers that the opinion of the Chayei Adam was that creating a functional unit is considered Boneh even if it isn’t the assemblance of units in a permanent way. In conclusion some hold that winding a stopped watch is a biblical prohibition and others hold it is only rabbinic but either way it is forbidden. That is the conclusion of the Mishna Brurah 338:15 and Yabia Omer OC 6:35.</ref> | #Winding a watch that stopped on Shabbat is forbidden.<ref>Chayei Adam 114:19 writes that it is biblically forbidden to wind a watch on Shabbat since it is metaken like Eruvin 103a which says if harp string snaps it is a melacha to fix it. The Tiferet Yisrael in Kalkelet Hashabbat no. 38 argues that it isn’t a biblical prohibition since tying a string on the harp is assembling parts of a instrument but when winding a watch there are no parts being attached. Chazon Ish also asks this but answers that the opinion of the Chayei Adam was that creating a functional unit is considered Boneh even if it isn’t the assemblance of units in a permanent way. In conclusion some hold that winding a stopped watch is a biblical prohibition and others hold it is only rabbinic but either way it is forbidden. That is the conclusion of the Mishna Brurah 338:15 and Yabia Omer OC 6:35.</ref> | ||
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#It is forbidden to read text messages on Shabbat.<ref>Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35:4</ref> | #It is forbidden to read text messages on Shabbat.<ref>Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35:4</ref> | ||
#It is forbidden to send text messages on Shabbat.<ref>See [[#Phones]] and [[#The Shabbos App]]. Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35:4</ref> | #It is forbidden to send text messages on Shabbat.<ref>See [[#Phones]] and [[#The Shabbos App]]. Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35:4</ref> | ||
#It is forbidden to watch TV on Shabbat.<ref>*Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35 writes that it is forbidden to have a Television on during Shabbat even with a timer. He offers several reasons. 1) There's a marit ayin that you turned it on during Shabbat. 2) Listening to music on Shabbat is forbidden even if was set up before Shabbat lest a person come to fix the instrument (Aruch Hashulchan 338:5). 3) Avsha Milta and Uvda Dchol: Causing a noise to occur as a result of a melacha that happens automatically is forbidden as it desecrates Shabbat (Rama 252:5). 4) Daber Daver: It is forbidden to speak or listen to mundane words on Shabbat (Gemara Shabbat 113a, Shulchan Aruch 307:1). | #It is forbidden to watch TV on Shabbat.<ref> | ||
*Aseh Lecha Rav 1:35 writes that it is forbidden to have a Television on during Shabbat even with a timer. He offers several reasons. 1) There's a marit ayin that you turned it on during Shabbat. 2) Listening to music on Shabbat is forbidden even if was set up before Shabbat lest a person come to fix the instrument (Aruch Hashulchan 338:5). 3) Avsha Milta and Uvda Dchol: Causing a noise to occur as a result of a melacha that happens automatically is forbidden as it desecrates Shabbat (Rama 252:5). 4) Daber Daver: It is forbidden to speak or listen to mundane words on Shabbat (Gemara Shabbat 113a, Shulchan Aruch 307:1). | |||
*[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=63110 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Parshat Chukat 5778 end)] explained that he never wrote that it is completely forbidden for a Sephardi to watch TV on Shabbat because Shulchan Aruch doesn't subscribe to the prohibition of Avsha Milta. However, he wrote that it is inappropriate and is forbidden because of the "fifth Shulchan Aruch," as he termed it, policies of the Gedolei Hador.</ref> | *[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=63110 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Parshat Chukat 5778 end)] explained that he never wrote that it is completely forbidden for a Sephardi to watch TV on Shabbat because Shulchan Aruch doesn't subscribe to the prohibition of Avsha Milta. However, he wrote that it is inappropriate and is forbidden because of the "fifth Shulchan Aruch," as he termed it, policies of the Gedolei Hador.</ref> | ||
