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Eating Before Davening: Difference between revisions
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==Shacharit== | ==Shacharit== | ||
# If one slept and woke up after [[Chatzot]] it’s preferable not to eat before [[Davening]] unless there’s a need, however drinking is permissible until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 89: | # If one slept and woke up after [[Chatzot]] it’s preferable not to eat before [[Davening]] unless there’s a need, however drinking is permissible until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 89:28 </ref> Regarding whether one may eat before a fast prior to [[Olot HaShachar]] see [[Fast_Days#When_does_the_fast_start|Fast Days]]. | ||
# It’s forbidden to eat a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread or [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] or to drink an intoxicating drink after a half hour prior to [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 89:27, Piskei Teshuvot 89:21, Ishei Yisrael 13:26 </ref> If one began before this, one may continue until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>S”A 89:5, Mishna Brurah 89:27 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to eat a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread or [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] or to drink an intoxicating drink after a half hour prior to [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 89:27, Piskei Teshuvot 89:21, Ishei Yisrael 13:26 </ref> If one began before this, one may continue until [[Olot HaShachar]]. <Ref>S”A 89:5, Mishna Brurah 89:27 </ref> | ||
# After [[Olot HaShachar]], it’s forbidden to eat or drink anything besides water until one prays.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 89:3. Rabbi Hershel Schachter (OU Kosher Webcast [http://www.ou.org/news/ou_webcast_with_poskim_let_my_people_know/ Dec. 2011], min 28-30) says that it's not permitted to eat before [[davening]] even if one will not have a chance to eat later and advises taking food with you to work or the Beit Midrash to eat later after [[davening]].</ref> | # After [[Olot HaShachar]], it’s forbidden to eat or drink anything besides water until one prays.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 89:3. Rabbi Hershel Schachter (OU Kosher Webcast [http://www.ou.org/news/ou_webcast_with_poskim_let_my_people_know/ Dec. 2011], min 28-30) says that it's not permitted to eat before [[davening]] even if one will not have a chance to eat later and advises taking food with you to work or the Beit Midrash to eat later after [[davening]].</ref> | ||
# The minhag is to allowing having coffee or tea even with sugar and added. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:25, Piskei Teshuvot 89:17, Shearim Metsuyim BeHalacha 8:1, Maharsham ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41144&pgnum=160 Daat Torah 89:3]), Aruch Hashulchan 89:23, and Kaf Hachaim 89:31 say that the minhag is to have coffee or tea even with sugar or milk before davening because it is in order to enable one to daven in a better manner, it is common and not an act of arrogance. Note that the Mishneh Brurah 89:22 only permits coffee without sugar.</ref> | # The minhag is to allowing having coffee or tea even with sugar and milk added. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:25, Piskei Teshuvot 89:17, Shearim Metsuyim BeHalacha 8:1, Maharsham ([http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41144&pgnum=160 Daat Torah 89:3]), Aruch Hashulchan 89:23, and Kaf Hachaim 89:31 say that the minhag is to have coffee or tea even with sugar or milk before davening because it is in order to enable one to daven in a better manner, it is common and not an act of arrogance. Note that the Mishneh Brurah 89:22 technically only permits coffee and tea without sugar but writes that the minhag is to have them with sugar so that are they drinkable.</ref> | ||
==Mincha== | ==Mincha== | ||
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* The Gemara [[Brachot]] 5b quotes Abba Binyamin who said that he would make every effort to pray immediately upon [[waking up]]. Rashi (s.v. Samuch) explains that Abba Binyamin wouldn't even learn prior to praying Shema. The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 1:7) asks what possible drove Rashi to explain that he didn't even learn before praying and explains that perhaps for a person who doesn't usually pray with a [[minyan]] it's likely that if he learns he'll continue and miss saying Shema and [[Shmoneh Esrei]] by the latest time. Based on the Rosh, Shulchan Aruch 89:6 rules that once the time for Shachrit comes one may not learn before praying [[Shacharit]] unless one always goes to pray with a [[minyan]]. | * The Gemara [[Brachot]] 5b quotes Abba Binyamin who said that he would make every effort to pray immediately upon [[waking up]]. Rashi (s.v. Samuch) explains that Abba Binyamin wouldn't even learn prior to praying Shema. The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 1:7) asks what possible drove Rashi to explain that he didn't even learn before praying and explains that perhaps for a person who doesn't usually pray with a [[minyan]] it's likely that if he learns he'll continue and miss saying Shema and [[Shmoneh Esrei]] by the latest time. Based on the Rosh, Shulchan Aruch 89:6 rules that once the time for Shachrit comes one may not learn before praying [[Shacharit]] unless one always goes to pray with a [[minyan]]. | ||
* However, this leniency of always praying with a [[minyan]] is only found in Shulchan Aruch regarding learning before [[Shacharit]] (Shulchan Aruch 89:6), but not in regards to eating before praying [[Shacharit]] (Shulchan Aruch 89:3), [[Mincha]] (Shulchan Aruch 232:2), or [[Arvit]] (Shulchan Aruch 235:2). Nonetheless, the Aruch HaShulchan 232:16 writes that the lenient minhag relies upon this idea that if one always prays in a [[minyan]] one may eat before [[Mincha]]. Additionally, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:99 extends it to defend the practice to pray [[Arvit]] late and eat beforehand. Piskei Teshuvot 232:3 uses the Aruch HaShulchan but limits it to someone who goes to a [[minyan]] at a fixed time and also says that it isn't a sufficient leniency to eat a large meal such as a wedding feast. </ref> | * However, this leniency of always praying with a [[minyan]] is only found in Shulchan Aruch regarding learning before [[Shacharit]] (Shulchan Aruch 89:6), but not in regards to eating before praying [[Shacharit]] (Shulchan Aruch 89:3), [[Mincha]] (Shulchan Aruch 232:2), or [[Arvit]] (Shulchan Aruch 235:2). Nonetheless, the Aruch HaShulchan 232:16 writes that the lenient minhag relies upon this idea that if one always prays in a [[minyan]] one may eat before [[Mincha]]. Additionally, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:99 extends it to defend the practice to pray [[Arvit]] late and eat beforehand. Piskei Teshuvot 232:3 uses the Aruch HaShulchan but limits it to someone who goes to a [[minyan]] at a fixed time and also says that it isn't a sufficient leniency to eat a large meal such as a wedding feast. </ref> | ||
# If someone woke up very late and missed davening Shacharit he may not eat until he davens mincha.<ref>Mayan Omer v. 1 p. 157</ref> | |||
==Arvit== | ==Arvit== | ||
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==Women== | ==Women== | ||
# Women may not eat before davening Shacharit | # Ashkenazi Women may not eat before davening Shacharit,<ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:30</ref>, while Sepharadi women may.<ref>Rav Avraham Yosef in response to a [http://shut.moreshet.co.il/shut2.asp?id=148520 question posed on Moreshet.co.il]</ref> | ||
## Some poskim say that if a woman wants to eat before davening, she should say a short prayer that includes praise of Hashem, a request to Hashem, and thanks to Hashem and then eat. It is preferable for her to also say the first paragraph of shema before eating. This solution works even if she is later going to daven a regular davening afterwards. <ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:30. See Igrot Moshe 4:101:2 who suggests that perhaps woman only need to say some request in order to fulfill tefillah on a Biblical level and then they can eat. He leaves it as an unresolved issue. </ref> | ## Some poskim say that if a woman wants to eat before davening, she should say a short prayer that includes praise of Hashem, a request to Hashem, and thanks to Hashem and then eat. It is preferable for her to also say the first paragraph of shema before eating. This solution works even if she is later going to daven a regular davening afterwards. <ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:30. See Igrot Moshe 4:101:2 who suggests that perhaps woman only need to say some request in order to fulfill tefillah on a Biblical level and then they can eat. He leaves it as an unresolved issue. See [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/3620 דברים שמותר לעשות לפני התפילה] and [http://ph.yhb.org.il/02-12-06/ Pninei Halacha Tefillah 12:6] by Rav Eliezer Melamed </ref> | ||
===Eating before Kiddush=== | ===Eating before Kiddush=== | ||
# On Shabbat, some poskim write that a married woman who didn't daven yet and is permitted to eat, such as in the case above, if her husband has not davened yet, some poskim hold that she may eat without reciting Kiddush. Once she davened certainly she needs to recite Kiddush before eating. | # On Shabbat, some poskim write that a married woman who didn't daven yet and is permitted to eat, such as in the case above, if her husband has not davened yet, some poskim hold that she may eat without reciting Kiddush. Once she davened certainly she needs to recite Kiddush before eating. However, an unmarried woman who didn't daven yet and is permitted to eat, such as in the case above, must recite Kiddush before eating. <ref>Igrot Moshe 4:101:2 writes that since a married woman has an obligation to eat together with her husband, if her husband hasn't yet davened and isn't yet obligated in Kiddush, she isn't obligated either. An unmarried woman, however, may not eat without Kiddush once she has davened. See Minchat Yitzchak 4:28:3 who quotes the Tosefet Shabbat who says that once a woman has fulfilled tefillah on a Biblical level they are obligated in Kiddush and may not eat without Kiddush. See Divrei Yetsiv 132 who allows women to have a snack before tefillah without kiddush, see there for his reasoning. </ref> | ||
# Sephardi poskim hold that women may not eat before Kiddush and if she usually davens she may drink coffee or tea before davening; a mother who is nursing may rely on those who say it is permitted for women to eat without Kiddush during the day.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 289:6. See Daat Torah 289:2 who cites the Maharam Chalavah (Pesachim 106a) who says that women aren't obligated in the daytime Kiddush. Additionally, the Raavad (Shabbat 29:10) holds that it is permitted to eat before the daytime Kiddush.</ref> | # Sephardi poskim hold that women may not eat before Kiddush and if she usually davens she may drink coffee or tea before davening; a mother who is nursing may rely on those who say it is permitted for women to eat without Kiddush during the day.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 289:6. See Daat Torah 289:2 who cites the Maharam Chalavah (Pesachim 106a) who says that women aren't obligated in the daytime Kiddush. Additionally, the Raavad (Shabbat 29:10) holds that it is permitted to eat before the daytime Kiddush.</ref> | ||
==Children== | ==Children== | ||
# Although an adult may not eat before praying Shacharit, a child under bar mitzvah may do so. <ref> Mishna Brurah 106:5, Ishei Yisrael 13:29, Children in Halacha pg. 18 </ref> Some say that once a boy is twelve years old and one day he shouldn't eat before davening.<ref>Halacha Brurah 89:24</ref> | # Although an adult may not eat before praying Shacharit, a child under bar mitzvah may do so. <ref> Mishna Brurah 106:5, Ishei Yisrael 13:29, Children in Halacha pg. 18 </ref> Some say that once a boy is twelve years old and one day he shouldn't eat before davening.<ref>Halacha Brurah 89:24</ref> | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
