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Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles (view source)
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* Igrot Moshe 4:101:6 writes that one should light 10 minutes after sunset with enough oil to last an hour. Shemaytata DeMoshe 672 explains that Rav Moshe held that 10 minutes was sufficient time to be considered the Tzet Hakochavim of the Geonim and it is still within a half hour of sunset. Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 20 cites Rav Moshe Feinstein's practice was to light between 13 and 18 minutes after shekiya. He cites that Rav Aharon Kotler would light 25 minutes after sunset. Az Nidbaru 7:70 agrees.</ref> | * Igrot Moshe 4:101:6 writes that one should light 10 minutes after sunset with enough oil to last an hour. Shemaytata DeMoshe 672 explains that Rav Moshe held that 10 minutes was sufficient time to be considered the Tzet Hakochavim of the Geonim and it is still within a half hour of sunset. Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 20 cites Rav Moshe Feinstein's practice was to light between 13 and 18 minutes after shekiya. He cites that Rav Aharon Kotler would light 25 minutes after sunset. Az Nidbaru 7:70 agrees.</ref> | ||
# In general, one should not light earlier than [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim, as stated in the previous halacha, except on [[Friday afternoon]] of [[Chanukah]] because once it becomes [[Shabbat]], it will be forbidden to light. | # In general, one should not light earlier than [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim, as stated in the previous halacha, except on [[Friday afternoon]] of [[Chanukah]] because once it becomes [[Shabbat]], it will be forbidden to light. | ||
# | # If on a weeknight one will be unable to light after [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim and will miss the mitzvah totally, he should light after Plag HaMincha. Many poskim say that one may light with a bracha in this case, while others say that one should light without a bracha.<ref> The Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:5) and Bahag ([[Chanuka]] p. 25b) hold that one does not fulfill one’s obligation if one lights [[Chanukah]] candles prior to sunset. The Rashba ([[Shabbat]] 21b), however, writes that after the fact, if one lit them before sunset, one still fulfills one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of the Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim ([[Chanukah]] #15). The Mishna Brurah 672:3 (Shaar HaTziyun 672:5) explains that the Shulchan Aruch 672:1 rules like the Rashba and one may light before sunset with a bracha. This is also the opinion of the Pri [[Chadash]] 672:1 s.v. VeYesh Mi SheOmer and Chaye Adam 154:18. Kaf HaChaim 672:10 however, holds that one shouldn’t make a bracha in such a case. See also the Levush, Bach, Kiseh Rachamim 63a, Siddur Bet Ovad 159b, Moed Kol Chai 27:26, Tefilah Ledavid, Pri Megadim M”Z 673:9, Sefer Yeraim 274, Shaarei Kneset HaGedolah 672:1, and Pri Megadim A”A 672:1. </ref> It is preferable to ask someone else to light for you at your house than light yourself before Shekiya after Plag Mincha.<ref>Halachos of Chanukah p. 35 n. 20</ref> | ||
# If a person need to go to a wedding with his family before Plag mincha and will come home later that night he should light when they return home.<ref>Halachos of Chanukah p. 36 citing Rav Moshe Feinstein</ref> | |||
# If someone lit earlier than [[Shekiah]] after Plag Hamincha, he should relight at the proper time of the mitzvah without a bracha. If one lit before Plag Hamincha should relight at the proper time with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 4:3 writes that if one lit before [[Shekiyah]], one should relit at night because some Rishonim hold that one doesn't fulfill the mitzvah to light after Plag HaMincha (such as the Rambam and Bahag). However, he adds that one should relight without a bracha in deference to the opinions (Rashba, Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim) who hold that one fulfills his mitzvah then. Torat HaMoadim concludes that if one lit before Plag Hamincha one should relight with a bracha because no one holds that one fulfill the mitzvah at that time. </ref> | # If someone lit earlier than [[Shekiah]] after Plag Hamincha, he should relight at the proper time of the mitzvah without a bracha. If one lit before Plag Hamincha should relight at the proper time with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 4:3 writes that if one lit before [[Shekiyah]], one should relit at night because some Rishonim hold that one doesn't fulfill the mitzvah to light after Plag HaMincha (such as the Rambam and Bahag). However, he adds that one should relight without a bracha in deference to the opinions (Rashba, Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim) who hold that one fulfills his mitzvah then. Torat HaMoadim concludes that if one lit before Plag Hamincha one should relight with a bracha because no one holds that one fulfill the mitzvah at that time. </ref> | ||
# A boy, who regularly lights at Shkiah, who is becoming [[Bar Mitzvah]] a night of [[Chanukah]], can light at Shkiah as usual. Some say to light at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] even if usually lights at Shkiah. <ref> Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:16, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:337 against Rav Vosner in Kovetz Mebet Levi kislev 5757 says not to light until Tzet. Mikrei Kodesh ([[Chanukah]] 11:3) leaves it as a question. </ref> | # A boy, who regularly lights at Shkiah, who is becoming [[Bar Mitzvah]] a night of [[Chanukah]], can light at Shkiah as usual. Some say to light at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] even if usually lights at Shkiah. <ref> Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:16, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:337 against Rav Vosner in Kovetz Mebet Levi kislev 5757 says not to light until Tzet. Mikrei Kodesh ([[Chanukah]] 11:3) leaves it as a question. </ref> | ||
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* See also the Magen Avraham quotes Maharshal who says to make a bracha only up to [[Chatzot]]. The Gra (Maaseh Rav 236) agrees with the Maharshal. | * See also the Magen Avraham quotes Maharshal who says to make a bracha only up to [[Chatzot]]. The Gra (Maaseh Rav 236) agrees with the Maharshal. | ||
* The Rif (9b), Rambam ([[Chanuka]] 4:5), and Rosh (2:3) all write that the time that people leave the marketplace is one half-hour after the time for lighting begins. Tur and S”A 672:2 codify this as halacha. However, the Ritva 21b s.v. Ad points out that this amount of time is not an objective time period, but rather is dependent on the time and place. Therefore, Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Hilchos [[Chanukah]] and [[Purim]] #1, min 19-20) rules that although the minhag of some yeshivot is to light about 20 minutes after sunset (see note 1), one may light as long as people are walking in the streets, which in a yeshiva could be very late indeed. </ref> | * The Rif (9b), Rambam ([[Chanuka]] 4:5), and Rosh (2:3) all write that the time that people leave the marketplace is one half-hour after the time for lighting begins. Tur and S”A 672:2 codify this as halacha. However, the Ritva 21b s.v. Ad points out that this amount of time is not an objective time period, but rather is dependent on the time and place. Therefore, Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Hilchos [[Chanukah]] and [[Purim]] #1, min 19-20) rules that although the minhag of some yeshivot is to light about 20 minutes after sunset (see note 1), one may light as long as people are walking in the streets, which in a yeshiva could be very late indeed. </ref> | ||
# Someone who came home right before [[Olot HaShachar]] can light with a bracha even though it won’t be lit for 30 minutes during the night. Some say one should light without a bracha if there’s not 30 minutes for the candle to be light at night. <ref> Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:156 writes that one can light with a bracha even if there’s not 30 minutes for the candles to burn before [[ | # Someone who came home right before [[Olot HaShachar]] can light with a bracha even though it won’t be lit for 30 minutes during the night. Some say one should light without a bracha if there’s not 30 minutes for the candle to be light at night. <ref> Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:156 writes that one can light with a bracha even if there’s not 30 minutes for the candles to burn before [[Alot Hashachar]]. He proves this from the simple language of S”A, Magen Avraham and Mishna Brurah (and all other poskim) that one can light all night until [[Olot HaShachar]]. So writes Sh”t Rivovot Efraim 5:582 in name of Sh”t Shem MeShimon 3 pg 120. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 67) seems to agree because he quotes the Shevet HaLevi and no one who argues. Yalkut Yosef Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 672:2. However, Rav Elyashiv in Sefer [[Chanukah]] 13:13 and Torat HaYoledet 54:7 say not to light with a bracha unless there’s 30 minutes before [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref> | ||
# One who didn’t light at night (before [[Olot HaShachar]]) can’t light during the day, but if one wants, one can light without a bracha. <ref> S”A 672:2. Siddur Rashi 116 pg 151 (quoting Teshuvat Rabbenu Yitzchak Bar Yehuda) says if one didn’t light during the night one can’t light during the day. Sh”t Maaseh Goenim 55 pg 43, Teshuvat Rashi 52, Machsor Vitri 237 pg 201, Sh”t Maharam MeRotenberg 634, Pardes HaGadol 199, Tur 672, Shibolei HaLeket 185, and Roke’ach 226 quote this as well. Ravyah 3:843 in name of Rabbenu Tam says one can light in the day if one didn’t light at night. Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 1:119 writes that since we light nowadays indoors one should light as long as the candle gives off light (before [[HaNetz]], when the sun’s light overwhelms the candles light). However, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (kislev 5725) and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 argue that even though one should light to satisfy all opinions one isn’t allowed to make a bracha. </ref> | # One who didn’t light at night (before [[Olot HaShachar]]) can’t light during the day, but if one wants, one can light without a bracha. <ref> S”A 672:2. Siddur Rashi 116 pg 151 (quoting Teshuvat Rabbenu Yitzchak Bar Yehuda) says if one didn’t light during the night one can’t light during the day. Sh”t Maaseh Goenim 55 pg 43, Teshuvat Rashi 52, Machsor Vitri 237 pg 201, Sh”t Maharam MeRotenberg 634, Pardes HaGadol 199, Tur 672, Shibolei HaLeket 185, and Roke’ach 226 quote this as well. Ravyah 3:843 in name of Rabbenu Tam says one can light in the day if one didn’t light at night. Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 1:119 writes that since we light nowadays indoors one should light as long as the candle gives off light (before [[HaNetz]], when the sun’s light overwhelms the candles light). However, Rav Ovadyah in Kol Sinai (kislev 5725) and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 argue that even though one should light to satisfy all opinions one isn’t allowed to make a bracha. </ref> | ||
# Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref> | # Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref> | ||
