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Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles (view source)
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* Igrot Moshe 4:101:6 writes that one should light 10 minutes after sunset with enough oil to last an hour. Shemaytata DeMoshe 672 explains that Rav Moshe held that 10 minutes was sufficient time to be considered the Tzet Hakochavim of the Geonim and it is still within a half hour of sunset. Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 20 cites Rav Moshe Feinstein's practice was to light between 13 and 18 minutes after shekiya. He cites that Rav Aharon Kotler would light 25 minutes after sunset. Az Nidbaru 7:70 agrees.</ref> | * Igrot Moshe 4:101:6 writes that one should light 10 minutes after sunset with enough oil to last an hour. Shemaytata DeMoshe 672 explains that Rav Moshe held that 10 minutes was sufficient time to be considered the Tzet Hakochavim of the Geonim and it is still within a half hour of sunset. Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 20 cites Rav Moshe Feinstein's practice was to light between 13 and 18 minutes after shekiya. He cites that Rav Aharon Kotler would light 25 minutes after sunset. Az Nidbaru 7:70 agrees.</ref> | ||
# In general, one should not light earlier than [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim, as stated in the previous halacha, except on [[Friday afternoon]] of [[Chanukah]] because once it becomes [[Shabbat]], it will be forbidden to light. | # In general, one should not light earlier than [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim, as stated in the previous halacha, except on [[Friday afternoon]] of [[Chanukah]] because once it becomes [[Shabbat]], it will be forbidden to light. | ||
# | # If on a weeknight one will be unable to light after [[Shekiyah]] or Tzet Hakochavim and will miss the mitzvah totally, he should light after Plag HaMincha. Many poskim say that one may light with a bracha in this case, while others say that one should light without a bracha.<ref> The Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:5) and Bahag ([[Chanuka]] p. 25b) hold that one does not fulfill one’s obligation if one lights [[Chanukah]] candles prior to sunset. The Rashba ([[Shabbat]] 21b), however, writes that after the fact, if one lit them before sunset, one still fulfills one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of the Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim ([[Chanukah]] #15). The Mishna Brurah 672:3 (Shaar HaTziyun 672:5) explains that the Shulchan Aruch 672:1 rules like the Rashba and one may light before sunset with a bracha. This is also the opinion of the Pri [[Chadash]] 672:1 s.v. VeYesh Mi SheOmer and Chaye Adam 154:18. Kaf HaChaim 672:10 however, holds that one shouldn’t make a bracha in such a case. See also the Levush, Bach, Kiseh Rachamim 63a, Siddur Bet Ovad 159b, Moed Kol Chai 27:26, Tefilah Ledavid, Pri Megadim M”Z 673:9, Sefer Yeraim 274, Shaarei Kneset HaGedolah 672:1, and Pri Megadim A”A 672:1. </ref> It is preferable to ask someone else to light for you at your house than light yourself before Shekiya after Plag Mincha.<ref>Halachos of Chanukah p. 35 n. 20</ref> | ||
# If a person need to go to a wedding with his family before Plag mincha and will come home later that night he should light when they return home.<ref>Halachos of Chanukah p. 36 citing Rav Moshe Feinstein</ref> | |||
# If someone lit earlier than [[Shekiah]] after Plag Hamincha, he should relight at the proper time of the mitzvah without a bracha. If one lit before Plag Hamincha should relight at the proper time with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 4:3 writes that if one lit before [[Shekiyah]], one should relit at night because some Rishonim hold that one doesn't fulfill the mitzvah to light after Plag HaMincha (such as the Rambam and Bahag). However, he adds that one should relight without a bracha in deference to the opinions (Rashba, Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim) who hold that one fulfills his mitzvah then. Torat HaMoadim concludes that if one lit before Plag Hamincha one should relight with a bracha because no one holds that one fulfill the mitzvah at that time. </ref> | # If someone lit earlier than [[Shekiah]] after Plag Hamincha, he should relight at the proper time of the mitzvah without a bracha. If one lit before Plag Hamincha should relight at the proper time with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 4:3 writes that if one lit before [[Shekiyah]], one should relit at night because some Rishonim hold that one doesn't fulfill the mitzvah to light after Plag HaMincha (such as the Rambam and Bahag). However, he adds that one should relight without a bracha in deference to the opinions (Rashba, Ran, Ritva, and Orchot Chaim) who hold that one fulfills his mitzvah then. Torat HaMoadim concludes that if one lit before Plag Hamincha one should relight with a bracha because no one holds that one fulfill the mitzvah at that time. </ref> | ||
# A boy, who regularly lights at Shkiah, who is becoming [[Bar Mitzvah]] a night of [[Chanukah]], can light at Shkiah as usual. Some say to light at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] even if usually lights at Shkiah. <ref> Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:16, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:337 against Rav Vosner in Kovetz Mebet Levi kislev 5757 says not to light until Tzet. Mikrei Kodesh ([[Chanukah]] 11:3) leaves it as a question. </ref> | # A boy, who regularly lights at Shkiah, who is becoming [[Bar Mitzvah]] a night of [[Chanukah]], can light at Shkiah as usual. Some say to light at [[Tzet HaKochavim]] even if usually lights at Shkiah. <ref> Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:16, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:337 against Rav Vosner in Kovetz Mebet Levi kislev 5757 says not to light until Tzet. Mikrei Kodesh ([[Chanukah]] 11:3) leaves it as a question. </ref> | ||
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# Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref> | # Soldiers in the army who can’t light at night for security reasons and want to light while it’s still day and extinguish it before it gets dark can light without a bracha. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 210) </ref> | ||
==Coming Home Late from Work== | ==Coming Home Late from Work== | ||
# Some poskim hold that one should wait for his wife because of Shalom Bayit even if that means missing lighting precisely at the time for lighting. <ref> Emet LeYacov 677 in the footnote, Kovetz MeBet Levi kislev 5757, | # Some poskim hold that one should wait for his wife because of Shalom Bayit even if that means missing lighting precisely at the time for lighting. <ref> Emet LeYacov 677 in the footnote, Kovetz MeBet Levi kislev 5757, Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 34 n. 8 citing Rav Moshe Feinstein, Rav Mordechai Willig (oral communication, Halachipedia Chanuka Packet 5775).</ref> | ||
# Sephardic poskim hold that it is preferable to light at the right time by asking your wife to light rather than light yourself after a half hour after Tzet Hakochavim. Ashkenazic poskim debate the matter. <ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 3:51) writes that it is preferable to ask one’s wife to light for him at Tzeit HaKochavim, rather than light later at home by oneself. The idea of Mitzvah Bo Yoter Mbshelucho is only if you can fulfill it in an equally ideal fashion, however, since if you light later that is not ideal it is better to fulfill the mitzvah yourself now. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka p. 382 rules exactly the same thing for someone at work late he should ask his wife to light on time. Torat Hamoadim Chanuka 4:6 and Or Letzion 4:43:4 agree. He even extends it to the case where neither the husband or wife is home and he says that you should ask a neighbor to light for you. Mayan Omer v. 3 p. 343 also quotes Rav Ovadia as saying that you should ask your wife to light for you on time instead of later. However, he also quotes Rav Ovadia from personal communication that if the whole family is away until very late Rav Ovadia said it is better to light later when you get back rather than ask a neighbor to light for you as a shaliach. Mayan Omer distinguishes between the two cases because the wife is more shayach to your house to be yotzei there than a neighbor. Also, he says that since everyone is coming home later there's a mitzvah for them to see the candles so that's a reason to have them light later but if the wife can light earlier then at least she can see the candles. Mayan Omer quotes Ben Ish Chai in Rav Poalim YD 2:35 that is similar to Rav Ovadia's approach. (As a contradictory piece of evidence, Rav Eliyahu Shtarit in Rabbenu p. 30 quotes Rav Ovadia Yosef as having allowed him to light later than tzet hakoachim himself rather than have his wife light for him on time. Also, he quotes Rav Dovid Yosef as saying that Rav Ovadia Yosef did that himself. To clarify, Rav Yitzchak Yosef in a [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=71848 Motzei Shabbat Shiur Vayeshev 5779 min 29] explained that his father used to give shiurim until very late like 11pm and then come home and light. His mother didn't want to light herself despite the fact that he asked her to.) | # Sephardic poskim hold that it is preferable to light at the right time by asking your wife to light rather than light yourself after a half hour after Tzet Hakochavim. Ashkenazic poskim debate the matter. <ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 3:51) writes that it is preferable to ask one’s wife to light for him at Tzeit HaKochavim, rather than light later at home by oneself. The idea of Mitzvah Bo Yoter Mbshelucho is only if you can fulfill it in an equally ideal fashion, however, since if you light later that is not ideal it is better to fulfill the mitzvah yourself now. Yalkut Yosef Chanuka p. 382 rules exactly the same thing for someone at work late he should ask his wife to light on time. Torat Hamoadim Chanuka 4:6 and Or Letzion 4:43:4 agree. He even extends it to the case where neither the husband or wife is home and he says that you should ask a neighbor to light for you. Mayan Omer v. 3 p. 343 also quotes Rav Ovadia as saying that you should ask your wife to light for you on time instead of later. However, he also quotes Rav Ovadia from personal communication that if the whole family is away until very late Rav Ovadia said it is better to light later when you get back rather than ask a neighbor to light for you as a shaliach. Mayan Omer distinguishes between the two cases because the wife is more shayach to your house to be yotzei there than a neighbor. Also, he says that since everyone is coming home later there's a mitzvah for them to see the candles so that's a reason to have them light later but if the wife can light earlier then at least she can see the candles. Mayan Omer quotes Ben Ish Chai in Rav Poalim YD 2:35 that is similar to Rav Ovadia's approach. (As a contradictory piece of evidence, Rav Eliyahu Shtarit in Rabbenu p. 30 quotes Rav Ovadia Yosef as having allowed him to light later than tzet hakoachim himself rather than have his wife light for him on time. Also, he quotes Rav Dovid Yosef as saying that Rav Ovadia Yosef did that himself. To clarify, Rav Yitzchak Yosef in a [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=71848 Motzei Shabbat Shiur Vayeshev 5779 min 29] explained that his father used to give shiurim until very late like 11pm and then come home and light. His mother didn't want to light herself despite the fact that he asked her to.) | ||
* Rav Shternbuch (Teshuvot V’hanhagot 4:170) agrees, but adds that the husband should still light when he gets home. He may even recite the bracha if he had in mind not to fulfill his obligation earlier with his wife and some people in the house are still awake. Rav Vosner (Shevet Halevi 4:66) raises a doubt as to which is preferable, and concludes that it is probably preferable for the husband to light later that night by himself.</ref> | * Rav Shternbuch (Teshuvot V’hanhagot 4:170) agrees, but adds that the husband should still light when he gets home. He may even recite the bracha if he had in mind not to fulfill his obligation earlier with his wife and some people in the house are still awake. Rav Vosner (Shevet Halevi 4:66) raises a doubt as to which is preferable, and concludes that it is probably preferable for the husband to light later that night by himself.</ref> The minhag is for the wife to wait for the husband to come home to light.<Ref> Halachos of Chanukah by Rabbi Eider p. 34 n. 3 writes that if someone can't be home at the proper time but will get home before it is too late to light, that is while someone will still be a awake inside he shouldn't ask his his wife to light for him but to light himself when he gets home, especially if he's generally not careful to light at the earliest time. He concludes that such is the minhag. On p. 35 fnt. 22 he quotes that Rav Moshe Feinstein (Moadei Yeshurun n. 28) agreed that it is better to light yourself later than have someone else light for you on time.</ref> | ||
== Lighting before or after Mariv== | == Lighting before or after Mariv== | ||
