Doing Activities Before Davening: Difference between revisions
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In general, one should not begin an activity which will require of one to become engaged in it, before performing a mitzvah at hand. When it comes to davening specifically, there are unique stringencies and leniences for each of the davenings as detailed below. | In general, one should not begin an activity which will require of one to become engaged in it, before performing a mitzvah at hand. When it comes to davening specifically, there are unique stringencies and leniences for each of the davenings as detailed below. The topic of eating before davening is found on the [[Eating Before Davening]] page. | ||
==Shacharit== | ==Shacharit== | ||
===Learning=== | ===Learning=== | ||
# There is a positive aspect to learning before [[davening]] to prepare oneself for [[davening]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 89:23. See there where he writes that the minhag is to be lenient to learn before [[davening]] because of the positive aspect of learning before [[davening]].</ref> | # There is a positive aspect to learning before [[davening]] to prepare oneself for [[davening]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 89:23. See there where he writes that the minhag is to be lenient to learn before [[davening]] because of the positive aspect of learning before [[davening]].</ref> | ||
# If one usually goes to daven in a [[minyan]] which is at a set time, then it is permissible to learn before [[davening]] even after [[Olot HaShachar]] and so, the minhag is to learn before [[davening]]. <ref> | # If one usually goes to daven in a [[minyan]] which is at a set time, then it is permissible to learn before [[davening]] even after [[Olot HaShachar]] and so, the minhag is to learn before [[davening]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 89:6, Piskei Teshuvot 89:23 </ref> | ||
# It is permissible to learn until [[Olot HaShachar]]. However, once | # It is permissible to learn until [[Olot HaShachar]]. However, once Alot Hashachar comes, it is forbidden to begin learning until one has prayed.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 89:6 </ref>Some are lenient to permit learning after [[Olot HaShachar]] until close to [[HaNetz HaChama]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 89:31 </ref>Nonetheless, it is permissible to learn even after [[Alot Hashachar]] in any of the following three circumstances: | ||
## if one is learning in the place where a tzibbur will come to daven, <ref>Mishna Brurah 89:32 </ref> | ## if one is learning in the place where a tzibbur will come to daven, <ref>Mishna Brurah 89:32 </ref> | ||
## if one asked a friend who was not learning to remind one to daven before the latest time of Shema and [[Tefilla]], <ref>Mishna Brurah 89:34. See the collolary to this for [[Kriyat Shema]] [[Arvit]] in Mishna Brurah 235:17. </ref> or | ## if one asked a friend who was not learning to remind one to daven before the latest time of Shema and [[Tefilla]], <ref>Mishna Brurah 89:34. See the collolary to this for [[Kriyat Shema]] [[Arvit]] in Mishna Brurah 235:17. </ref> or | ||
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# It is permitted to do an activity which is a mitzvah before [[davening]]. <Ref>Ishrei Yisrael (p. 122). A strong proof is: Rashi ([[Megillah]] 23a s.v. BeYom Tov), Mishna Brurah 529:14</ref> In some contexts, it may only be permitted if one can not do that mitzvah after [[davening]] and also that one should say [[Kriyat Shema]] before that activity. <ref>Mishna Brurah 250:1</ref> | # It is permitted to do an activity which is a mitzvah before [[davening]]. <Ref>Ishrei Yisrael (p. 122). A strong proof is: Rashi ([[Megillah]] 23a s.v. BeYom Tov), Mishna Brurah 529:14</ref> In some contexts, it may only be permitted if one can not do that mitzvah after [[davening]] and also that one should say [[Kriyat Shema]] before that activity. <ref>Mishna Brurah 250:1</ref> | ||
===Travel=== | ===Travel=== | ||
# | #Generally speaking, it is forbidden to travel before davening<ref>Brachos 14a as understood by Rosh Brachos 1:7, Rif 8a, and Beis Yosef 89</ref> even if one knows that he will be able to daven upon arrival.<ref>Mishnah Berurah 89:20, see also Mishnah Berurah 90:53</ref> | ||
#Traveling is usually defined by being on the road for a minimum of 72 minutes, and some say that this is true here as well: only a trip that would take 72 minutes or more would one be prohibited to make before davening.<ref>Shut Ohr Letzion 2:32</ref> However, some say that even a shorter trip is consiered ‘traveling’ and would be prohibited (if not taken to get to one’s usual place of davening).<ref>See Halichos Shlomo Tefillah 2:11:14 who writes that even taking a short and easy trip before davening is prohibited.</ref> | |||
# | #Some say that even traveling for the purposes of doing a mitzvah is prohibited<ref>Shut Divrei Yatziv O.C. #8</ref> although most disagree and say that it would be permissible to travel before davening to perform a mitzvah,<ref>Pri Chadash 89:6, Pri Megadim (Eishel Avraham) 89:15, Aruch Hashulchan 89:22, Mishnah Berurah 90:53</ref> and even in order to daven better<Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 89:16</ref> or to daven at the Kosel Hamaaravi.<ref>Or Letzion vol 2, Yalkut Yosef 89:29 (pg 94 in ed. 5764)</ref> | ||
#If traveling will be sufficiently easier if done before davening (for example, in a case where, if one were to wait until after davening, there will much more traffic on the roads and the trip will take much more time), some permit traveling before davening,<ref>Shut Shevet Halevi 8:19, although Shut Divrei Yatziv O.C. 8 would likely disagree with this leniency</ref> especially if waiting would cause someone to miss a bus or otherwise not be able to travel at all.<ref>Magen Avraham 89:10, Aruch Hashulchan 89:22, Leket Hakemach 89:37 quoted in Dirshu edition of the Mishnah Berurah, Siman 89 note 24. Needless to say, one must still make sure to daven and say [[Keriyas Shema]] before too late in the morning.</ref> | |||
#In all of the cases in which traveling before davening is permissible, it is still better to say the birkos hashachar before one embarks on his or her travels.<ref>Rama 89:3 quotes an opinion to the effect that traveling is always permitted after making brachos, although Aruch Hashulchan 89:21 points out that there is in fact no such legitimate opinion. Nonetheless, Mishnah Berurah 89:17 and 89:37 writes that making the brachos beforehand is preferable.</ref> | |||
#The prohibition of traveling before Shacharis applies beginning from [[Olot HaShachar|Alos Hashachar]].<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 89:3, Aruch Hashulchan 89:22</ref> although some say that it begins from half an hour beforehand.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:23 footnote 61; cf. Biur Halacha 70:5 s.v. Hayah and Mishnah Berurah 89:17, 89:37 regarding working during the half hour before Alos Hashacher </ref> | |||
===Sleeping=== | ===Sleeping=== | ||
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# If one was sleeping and woke up to go to the bathroom one may go back to sleep even after [[Olot HaShachar]] as long as one will not miss the [[latest time for Shema]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:31, Piskei Teshuvot 89:22 </ref> | # If one was sleeping and woke up to go to the bathroom one may go back to sleep even after [[Olot HaShachar]] as long as one will not miss the [[latest time for Shema]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:31, Piskei Teshuvot 89:22 </ref> | ||
===Showering=== | ===Showering=== | ||
# It is permissible to go to the bathhouse or cut one's hair until [[Olot HaShachar]] but afterwards one may not start to go to the bathhouse or cut one's hair. <Ref> | # It is permissible to go to the bathhouse or [[cut one's hair]] until [[Olot HaShachar]] but afterwards one may not start to go to the bathhouse or cut one's hair.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 89:7, Mishna Brurah 89:36 </ref> However, a short shower with a little soap for someone who feels unclean in order to prepare for [[davening]] is permissible. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 89:24 </ref> | ||
# It is permissible to go to the mikveh after [[Olot HaShachar]] prior to praying <ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:21 </ref> | # It is permissible to go to the mikveh after [[Olot HaShachar]] prior to praying <ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:21 </ref> | ||
===Shaving=== | ===Shaving=== | ||
# Some are lenient and allow to shave before [[davening]] if one can not do so afterwards. <Ref> Halacha Brurah (Rav Dovid Yosef) 89:36, Avnei Yishfeh (pg 90) in name of Rav Vosner, Peninei Halacha (pg 162), and Piskei Teshuvot 89:24 are lenient for someone who regularly shaves. However, Sh”t Or Letzion (vol 2 7:9) and Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefilla]] 2:8) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach are strict under all circumstances and compare [[shaving]] to | # Some are lenient and allow to shave before [[davening]] if one can not do so afterwards. <Ref> Halacha Brurah (Rav Dovid Yosef) 89:36, Avnei Yishfeh (pg 90) in name of Rav Vosner, Peninei Halacha (pg 162), and Piskei Teshuvot 89:24 are lenient for someone who regularly shaves. However, Sh”t Or Letzion (vol 2 7:9) and Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefilla]] 2:8) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach are strict under all circumstances and compare [[shaving]] to taking a [[haircut]]. Similarly, Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] pg 99, Siman 89:32) is strict but adds that those who do so regularly have what to rely on. </ref> | ||
===Other=== | ===Other=== | ||
# Prior to [[davening]] one should not pick up a child which may soil itself, or begin to cry when one puts it down and by the time one cleans up or appeases the child one may have missed the time for [[davening]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:37 </ref> | # Prior to [[davening]] one should not pick up a child which may soil itself, or begin to cry when one puts it down and by the time one cleans up or appeases the child one may have missed the time for [[davening]]. <Ref>Ishei Yisrael 13:37 </ref> | ||
# One should give tzedaka before praying. | # One should give [[tzedaka]] before praying.<ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 12:2 </ref> | ||
<ref> Kitzur | |||
===Eating=== | |||
See [[Eating_Before_Davening#Shacharit]] | |||
==Mincha== | ==Mincha== | ||
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# From 9 hours in the day, one may not start work that could drag on and make one miss the time for [[Mincha]].<Ref>Mishna Brurah 232:9 </ref> If one always goes to [[minyan]] and there is a set time, it is permissible, even after 9½ hours. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 232:3 </ref> | # From 9 hours in the day, one may not start work that could drag on and make one miss the time for [[Mincha]].<Ref>Mishna Brurah 232:9 </ref> If one always goes to [[minyan]] and there is a set time, it is permissible, even after 9½ hours. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 232:3 </ref> | ||
===Traveling, Showering, Shaving=== | ===Traveling, Showering, Shaving=== | ||
# If one always goes to [[minyan]] | # Most poskim assume that the prohibition of traveling also applies to traveling before one davens Mincha or Maariv,<ref>Rabbeinu Manoach quoted by Kesef Mishnah on Rambam Hilchos Tefillah 6:4, Mishnah Berurah 89:19-20. However, Halichos Shlomo 2:11 footnote 50 points out that the formulation of the Shulchan Aruch and especially Shulchan Aruch Harav indicate that the prohibition applies solely to Shacharis. See also Siach Halachah 19:17</ref> although the custom is to be more lenient regarding Minchah and Maariv for someone who would anyway be waiting for the usually scheduled minyan or for Minchah Ketanah.<ref>Halichos Shelomo 2:11:16</ref> | ||
# If one always goes to [[minyan]] at a set time, it is permissible to shower and shave even after 9½ hours. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 232:3 </ref> | |||
===Sleeping=== | ===Sleeping=== | ||
# One should not sleep after 9½ hours. If one asks a friend to wake one up, then it is permissible. <Ref>Ishei Yisreal 27:27 </ref> | # One should not sleep after 9½ hours. If one asks a friend to wake one up, then it is permissible. <Ref>Ishei Yisreal 27:27 </ref> | ||
===Eating=== | |||
See [[Eating_Before_Davening#Mincha]] | |||
==Mariv== | ==Mariv== | ||
===Learning=== | ===Learning=== | ||
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# If one always goes to [[minyan]] and there is a set time, it is permissible to work, travel, shower, and shave, even after [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Reference_of_Measurements_in_Halacha#Tzet_HaKochavim_.28Emergence_of_the_stars.29 Tzet HaKochavim]. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 235:6 </ref> | # If one always goes to [[minyan]] and there is a set time, it is permissible to work, travel, shower, and shave, even after [http://halachipedia.com/index.php?title=Reference_of_Measurements_in_Halacha#Tzet_HaKochavim_.28Emergence_of_the_stars.29 Tzet HaKochavim]. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 235:6 </ref> | ||
===Sleeping=== | ===Sleeping=== | ||
# One should not sleep within a half hour of Tzet HaChachavim. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 235:17 </ref>Asks a friend to wake one up only works at a time when people are not going to sleep and the friend is reliable. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 235:7 </ref> | # One should not sleep within a half hour of [[Tzet HaChachavim]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 235:17 </ref>Asks a friend to wake one up only works at a time when people are not going to sleep and the friend is reliable. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 235:7 </ref> | ||
===Eating=== | |||
See [[Eating_Before_Davening#Arvit]] | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
