Choresh: Difference between revisions
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==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
#Choresh, or [[plowing]], is one of the 39 melachot | #Choresh, or [[plowing]], is one of the 39 Av melachot,<ref>Mishna in Masechet [[Shabbat]] 73a </ref>and It is considered the 2nd Av Melacha (or the 1st depending on whose list one is using) in whats called the order of the bread making (''siddura depat).''<ref>The mishna on 73b has it 2nd on its list, while the Rambam - Shabbat (7:1) and others have it 1st </ref> | ||
#The definition of Choresh is any action that prepares the soil for [[planting]].<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 251) </ref> | |||
#The three types of actions that are forbidden as ‘[[Plowing]]’ are making holes, softening, and flattening the ground to prepare it for [[planting]].<ref>Kalkelet [[Shabbat]] 2 </ref> | #The three types of actions that are forbidden as ‘[[Plowing]]’ are making holes, softening, and flattening the ground to prepare it for [[planting]].<ref>Kalkelet [[Shabbat]] 2 </ref> | ||
#The extensions of the Torah prohibition of ‘[[Plowing]]’ include removing rocks or thorns from a field, spreading out fertilizer in a field, and watering a field (in order to soften it).<ref>Rambam [[Shabbat]] 8:1 </ref> | #The extensions (''Toladot)'' of the Torah prohibition of ‘[[Plowing]]’ include removing rocks or thorns from a field, spreading out fertilizer in a field, and watering a field (in order to soften it).<ref>Rambam [[Shabbat]] 8:1 </ref> | ||
#It's forbidden to remove dirt mounds and stones or fill in holes in the field in order to flatten the ground.<ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 337) </ref> | #It's forbidden to remove dirt mounds and stones or fill in holes in the field in order to flatten the ground.<ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 337) </ref> | ||
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==Cleaning off one's shoes== | ==Cleaning off one's shoes== | ||
#The rabbinic prohibitions on this action are removing dirt from one’s shoe in a field [because you may come to fill a hole]. A tiled courtyard is included in this prohibition but a house isn’t (unless the ground is dirt).<ref>S”A 302:6, 337:2, B”HL {{ibid}}. “VeYesh” </ref> | #The rabbinic prohibitions on this action are removing dirt from one’s shoe in a field [because you may come to fill a hole]. A tiled courtyard is included in this prohibition but a house isn’t (unless the ground is dirt). Others say that the only place where one can't clean mud off ones shoes or feet would be on a dirt floor, but on a wall or a paved floor, it would be permitted.<ref>S”A 302:6, 337:2, B”HL {{ibid}}. “VeYesh” | ||
Chazon Ovadia shabbat 4 pg. 54 - this gezeirah was made incase one forgets its shabbat and once he wipes the mud of his shoes or legs, will come to flatten the ground (See tos. dilma shabbat 141a) </ref> | |||
#One can’t rub spit into the ground but one can step on it regularly.<ref>S”A 316:11, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) | #One can’t rub spit into the ground but one can step on it regularly.<ref>S”A 316:11, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) | ||
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#Even there's no issue of Choresh in digging or [[plowing]] in a arid desert soil, or under a low deck or porch where vegetation can not grow, nonetheless there is another concern of Boneh.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | #Even there's no issue of Choresh in digging or [[plowing]] in a arid desert soil, or under a low deck or porch where vegetation can not grow, nonetheless there is another concern of Boneh.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | ||
==Sweeping on | ==Sweeping and Rinsing Floors on Shabbat== | ||
#One may not sweep in a courtyard even if it’s tiled as a prohibition of sweeping a field but sweeping in a house (with flooring, where majority of houses in the city have flooring) is permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 337:2, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:73, Mishna Brurah 337:14, Sefer Hilchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 2 pg 51, Choresh note 115, by Rabbi Eider) in name of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 256-7). See Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 4, pp. 54-57). </ref> One shouldn’t use a broom with straw bristles because it’s definitely going to cause individual bristles to break.<ref>Rama O.C. 337:2. Birkei Yosef 337:1 quotes the Maharikash who disagrees and doesn't think that there is any melacha occurring when a bristle of a broom breaks. Bet Meir agrees. Mishna Brurah 337:14 opines that it is forbidden since it is considered [[soter]], breaking of a utensil. Even though it is in a destructive fashion, [[mekalkel]], it is still rabbinically forbidden.</ref> | |||
#One may not sweep in a courtyard even if it’s tiled as a prohibition of sweeping a field but sweeping in a house (with flooring, where majority of houses in the city have flooring) is permitted | #One should not rinse the floor of one's house, even if it is paved. If one specific part of ones floor became dirty, one may put water onto it and clean it up with a squeegee which wouldn't have any sechita issues.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 4 p. 49) </ref> | ||
#Many poskim forbid using a carpet sweeper on Shabbat.<ref>Dor Hamelaktim v. 2 p. 1192 quoing Chelkat Yakov 160:3, Yesodei Yeshurun (39 Melachos v. 1 p. 161), Rav Moshe Feinstein (cited by Mechzeh Eliyahu 44), Rav Yakov Kamenetsky (Emet Lyakov 339), Beer Moshe 1:32, Minchat Yitzchak 3:50:5, 5:39, and others who forbid using a carpet sweeper on Shabbat. It is forbidden because (1) it is melabain in cleaning the carpet, (2) it might pull out strands of the carpet, (3) it is a weekday activity (uvda dchol). [https://dinonline.org/2021/03/04/can-one-use-a-carpet-sweeper-on-shabbos/ Dinonline.org] agrees it is forbidden.</ref> | |||
See Chazon Ovadia Shabbat | |||
==Games on dirt== | ==Games on dirt== | ||
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#Adding water to sand is a violation of the Melacha of [[Losh]] ([[kneading]]).<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | #Adding water to sand is a violation of the Melacha of [[Losh]] ([[kneading]]).<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | ||
==Dragging | ==Dragging Heavy Objects== | ||
#It’s permitted to drag a bed, chair, or bench on dirt if you don’t intend to make a hole with it. But a heavy bench or table which will definitely make a hole can’t be dragged even in a tiled courtyard [but is permitted in a house].<ref> | #It’s permitted to drag a bed, chair, or bench on dirt if you don’t intend to make a hole with it. But a heavy bench or table which will definitely make a hole can’t be dragged even in a tiled courtyard [but is permitted in a house].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 337:1, Mishna Brurah 337:4, Beiur Halacha s.v. VeYesh </ref> | ||
#It is permissible to push a carriage, stroller, or wheel chair on dirt because the wheels aren't digging up dirt but depressing it.<ref>Practical Halachos of [[Shabbat]] (pg 21) quoting Hilchos [[Shabbos]] by Rabbi Shimon Eider (pg 43 par 8) </ref> Other reasons to permit pushing a carriage are that the holes in the ground aren't intentional, aren't beneficial, and are made in an abnormal way.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:48, Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:52 </ref> | |||
==Compressing soil== | ==Compressing soil== | ||
