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Choresh: Difference between revisions
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==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
# The most definition of Choresh is any action that prepares the soil for planting. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 251) </ref> | |||
# The three types of actions that are forbidden as ‘Plowing’ are making holes, softening, and flattening the ground to prepare it for planting. <Ref> Kalkelet Shabbat 2 </ref> | # The three types of actions that are forbidden as ‘Plowing’ are making holes, softening, and flattening the ground to prepare it for planting. <Ref> Kalkelet Shabbat 2 </ref> | ||
# The extensions of the Torah prohibition of ‘Plowing’ include removing rocks or thorns from a field, spreading out fertilizer in a field, and watering a field (in order to soften it). <Ref> Rambam Shabbat 8:1 </ref> | # The extensions of the Torah prohibition of ‘Plowing’ include removing rocks or thorns from a field, spreading out fertilizer in a field, and watering a field (in order to soften it). <Ref> Rambam Shabbat 8:1 </ref> | ||
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==Amount== | ==Amount== | ||
# Plowing of any amount is forbidden<Ref> Rambam Shabbat 8:1, Mishna Brurah (Intro to 337) </ref> because even a tiny hole is useful to plant a tiny seed. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 252) </ref> | # Plowing of any amount is forbidden<Ref> Rambam Shabbat 8:1, Mishna Brurah (Intro to 337) </ref> because even a tiny hole is useful to plant a tiny seed. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 252) </ref> | ||
==Watering dirt or a plant== | |||
# It's forbidden to water soil on Shabbat. (According to many authorities this is prohibited because of Choresh as it improves the field, while others prohibit it because of Zoreha, planting.) <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | |||
# It's permissible to water desert land if nothing isn't used for planting while the ground is still moist. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | |||
# It's forbidden to wash one's hands over grass or vegetation. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 268) </ref> | |||
# Since acidic or caustic liquids do not promote vegetation it's permissible to spill vinegar or alcohol on vegetation. Similarly according to many authorities if there is a great need it is permissible to urinate on plants on Shabbat. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 268) </ref> | |||
==Clearing the ground== | |||
# It's forbidden to clear rocks, logs, or debris off the terrain as it is considered Mesakel (a Toldah of Choresh) because it improves it for planting. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) </ref> | |||
# Leveling terrain is a form of landscaping which is a Toldah of Choresh (Mashveh Gumot). <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) </ref> | |||
# In previous centuries when the flooring was earth it there was no concern of Choresh when digging or filling in holes but there is a prohibition of Boneh (as it improves the structure of the floor). <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255-6) </ref> | |||
==Weeding== | |||
# It is forbidden to remove weeds from a field on Shabbat. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) </ref> | |||
# It is fertilizing | |||
==Cleaning off one's shoes== | ==Cleaning off one's shoes== | ||
# The rabbinic prohibitions on this action are removing dirt from one’s shoe in a field [because you may come to fill a hole]. A tiled courtyard is included in this prohibition but a house isn’t (unless the ground is dirt). <Ref> S”A 302:6, 337:2, B”HL ibid. “VeYesh” </ref> | # The rabbinic prohibitions on this action are removing dirt from one’s shoe in a field [because you may come to fill a hole]. A tiled courtyard is included in this prohibition but a house isn’t (unless the ground is dirt). <Ref> S”A 302:6, 337:2, B”HL ibid. “VeYesh” </ref> | ||
# One can’t rub spit into the ground but one can step on it regularly. <Ref> S”A 316:11 </ref> | # One can’t rub spit into the ground but one can step on it regularly. <Ref> S”A 316:11, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 255) </ref> | ||
==Plowing in a uncultivable land== | |||
# Even there's no issue of Choresh in digging or plowing in a arid desert soil, or under a low deck or porch where vegetation can not grow, nonetheless there is another concern of Boneh. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | |||
==Sweeping on shabbat== | ==Sweeping on shabbat== | ||
# One can’t sweep in a courtyard even if it’s tiled as a prohibition of sweeping a field but sweeping in a house (with flooring, where majority of houses in the city have flooring) is permitted. One shouldn’t use a broom with straw bristles because it’s definitely going to cause individual bristles to break. <Ref> S”A 337:2, Mishna Brurah 337:14, Sefer Hilchot Shabbat (vol 2 pg 51, Choresh note 115, by Rabbi Eider) in name of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 256-7) </ref> | # One can’t sweep in a courtyard even if it’s tiled as a prohibition of sweeping a field but sweeping in a house (with flooring, where majority of houses in the city have flooring) is permitted. One shouldn’t use a broom with straw bristles because it’s definitely going to cause individual bristles to break. <Ref> S”A 337:2, Mishna Brurah 337:14, Sefer Hilchot Shabbat (vol 2 pg 51, Choresh note 115, by Rabbi Eider) in name of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 256-7) </ref> | ||
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# Since jacks and kugelach don't involve rolling it's permissible to play it on any surface. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 259) </ref> | # Since jacks and kugelach don't involve rolling it's permissible to play it on any surface. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 259) </ref> | ||
==Playing with sand== | ==Playing with sand== | ||
# There is no issue of Choresh in digging in fine dry sand (however, there is an issue of muktzah) and so it is permissible to drag a chair in sand even though it will make a furrow. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg | # There is no issue of Choresh in digging in fine dry sand (however, there is an issue of muktzah) and so it is permissible to drag a chair in sand even though it will make a furrow. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 252) </ref> | ||
# It’s permissible for children to play with sand that’s fine, dry, and prepared before Shabbat for this use (as in a sandbox). One may not add water to the sand on Shabbat. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:4, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 137-8), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 253) </ref> | # It’s permissible for children to play with sand that’s fine, dry, and prepared before Shabbat for this use (as in a sandbox). One may not add water to the sand on Shabbat. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 16:4, Children in Halacha (Rabbi Simcha Bunim, pg 137-8), 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 253) </ref> | ||
# One may not dig in moist or clumpy sand. Therefore if the sand in a sandbox is moist or has solidified as is common after the rain one should not allow children to play in the sandbox. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | # One may not dig in moist or clumpy sand. Therefore if the sand in a sandbox is moist or has solidified as is common after the rain one should not allow children to play in the sandbox. <Ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 254) </ref> | ||
