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==Kavod and Oneg== | ==Kavod and Oneg== | ||
# | #Since Chol Hamoed is called a mikarei kodesh,<ref>Vayikra 23:4, Chagiga 18a, Mechilta (Parshat Bo 9), Rambam (Yom Tov 7:1). However, Tashbetz 2:206 writes that Chol Hamoed is not called mikraei kodesh and that's why he doesn't mention it in Yaaleh Veyavo. In fact, there is an old dispute between the rishonim whether a person should say mikraei kodesh in the Yaaleh Vyavo for Chol Hamoed. In Tashbetz 2:210 he writes that even though the gemara calls Chol Hamoed mikraei kodesh that is only a rabbinic level. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 490:3 writes that the Sephardic minhag is to say it, while Rama holds the minhag is not to say it. Nonetheless, Magen Avraham 490:2 (as explained by Pri Megadim) writes that even Ashkenazim say it in other places in davening.</ref> there’s an obligation to honor Chol Hamoed and treat it differently than how a person treats a weekday. This includes having special food, drinks, and clothing that are nicer than a person has during the week, but it is more lenient than Kavod of [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Sh”t Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1 (in the Hashmatot) and S”A HaRav 529:5 write that there’s no Kavod and Oneg on Chol HaMoed. On the other hand, Magen Avraham 530:1, Mishna Brurah 530:1, Sefer Chol HaMoed (pg 1; by Rabbi Dovid Zucker) write that there’s Kavod and Oneg on Chol HaMoed, however, Shaar Tzion 530:4 points out that it’s not as strict as Kavod of [[Yom Tov]]. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 502) agrees. Mechilta (Parshat Bo 9) derives from a pasuk that there is an obligation to honor Chol Hamoed with food, drinks, and nice clothing. [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=8920&st=&pgnum=111 Tanya Rabati (siman 52)] writes that a person should eat and drink on Chol Hamoed like he does on Yom Tov. Shaar Hatziyun 530:4 concludes that the mechilta means that it is necessary to have food, drink, and clothing that is nicer than during the week but not necessarily like Yom Tov. </ref> | ||
#As part of Kavod, one should wear clothing on chol hamoed that are a little nicer than his weekday clothing. Some have the minhag to wear [[Shabbat]] clothing on Chol HaMoed.<ref>Mishna Brurah 530:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 502), and Aruch HaShulchan 530:4 write that there’s an obligation to wear clothing which is a little nicer than regular weekday clothing. Shaar Hatziyun 530:4 clarifies that it isn't necessary to wear Shabbat or Yom Tov clothing. It is sufficient to wear clothing that are a little nicer than during the week. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/12-10-03/ | #As part of Kavod, one should wear clothing on chol hamoed that are a little nicer than his weekday clothing. Some have the minhag to wear [[Shabbat]] clothing on Chol HaMoed.<ref>Mishna Brurah 530:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 502), and Aruch HaShulchan 530:4 write that there’s an obligation to wear clothing which is a little nicer than regular weekday clothing. Shaar Hatziyun 530:4 clarifies that it isn't necessary to wear Shabbat or Yom Tov clothing. It is sufficient to wear clothing that are a little nicer than during the week. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/12-10-03/ Peninei Halacha (Moadim 10:3)] agrees that chol hamoed clothing just need to be slightly nicer than weekday clothing. Nimukei Orach Chaim 530:3 and Chaye Adam 106:1 hold that one should wear [[Shabbat]] clothes, but one doesn’t need to wear [[Yom Tov]] clothing which are supposed to be a little better than [[Shabbat]] clothing. Mishna Brurah 530:1 writes that the Maharil's practice was to wear [[Shabbat]] clothes on Chol HaMoed. </ref> | ||
#As part of Kavod, some have the practice to leave the table cloth on the table all of Chol HaMoed.<ref>Pri Megadim 639 (M”Z 639:1) and Aruch HaShulchan 530:4 </ref> | #As part of Kavod, some have the practice to leave the table cloth on the table all of Chol HaMoed.<ref>Pri Megadim 639 (M”Z 639:1) and Aruch HaShulchan 530:4 </ref> | ||
#As part of Kavod, one is not obligated to have a bread meal, however, it is preferable to do so.<ref> | #As part of Kavod, one is not obligated to have a bread meal, however, it is preferable to do so.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 188:7 writes that since there’s no obligation to have a meal on Chol HaMoed is one forgets [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] one doesn’t repeat Brikat HaMazon. Magen Avraham 530:1, Mishna Brurah 530:1, and Yalkut Yosef (Moedim pg 502) write that it’s preferable to have bread since Kavod is with food and the most important food is bread. Regarding having nice meals on Chol HaMoed, see Rashi's comment to Avot 3:11.</ref> | ||
==Simcha== | ==Simcha== | ||
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==Forbidden work== | ==Forbidden work== | ||
#There’s a dispute whether work on Chol HaMoed is a biblical prohibition or a Rabbinic one.<ref>Tosfot (Chagiga 18a s.v. cholo) | #There’s a dispute whether work on Chol HaMoed is a biblical prohibition or a Rabbinic one.<ref>Tosfot (Chagiga 18a s.v. cholo, Moed Katan 19a s.v. rebbe), Rabbenu Tam (cited by Rosh), Rosh (Moed Katan 1:1), Rambam (Yom Tov 7:1), Mordechai (Moed Katan n. 835), Yereyim 304, Nemukei Yosef (Moed Katan 1a s.v. Gemara), and Tashbetz 2:210 hold that the entirety of work on Chol HaMoed is derabbanan. On the other hand, Rashi (m"k ktav yad 11b s.v. ela, 12a s.v. khilchot, 13a s.v. disura, Tosfot Rabbenu Peretz Pesachim 5a), Rashbam (Pesachim 118a s.v. kol), Tosfot (m"k 2a s.v. mashkin, 11b s.v. afilu), and Yereyim (Mitzvah no. 304) hold that melacha on Chol HaMoed is forbidden by the Torah. Several statements of Chazal indicate this position including Chagiga 18a and Moed Katan 11b. However, Tosfot answer that these Gemaras mean that there is an allusion in the pasuk to the prohibition.<br /> | ||
The Ramban (Moed Katan 2a s.v. od ani) | The Ramban (Moed Katan 2a s.v. od ani), Rashba (a"z cited by Maggid Mishna Yom Tov 7:1), and Ritva (m"k 2a) arbitrate between these two positions and consider melacha on Chol HaMoed from the Torah’s perspective to be dependent on whether the melacha is necessary for the holiday or there is a loss. If it is necessary for the holiday or there is a loss, then the melacha is permitted from the Torah and, if not, it is forbidden. The Bach 530:1 supports such an explanation based on the pesukim. | ||
On Yom Tov, the Torah forbids “melechet avoda” (Vayikra 23:8) and Rashi explains this to mean that one is prohibited to perform even work that will cause one to experience a loss if not done today. The Torat Kohanim (Emor 12:5) states that the prohibition of “melechet avoda” does not apply to Chol HaMoed; therefore, concludes the Bach, it is biblically permitted to do a melacha for the need of the holiday.<br /> | |||
In a similar vein, Rav Sobolofsky (“[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/811776/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Issur_Melacha_On_Chol_Hamoed Issur Melacha on Chol HaMoed],” min 12-15) explained based on the Ritva (Moed Katan 13a s.v. elah) that the primary principle underlying the laws of Chol HaMoed is that one should enjoy the holiday. Thus, activities that further this purpose are permitted, while those which hinder this goal, especially ones that involve excessive effort, are forbidden. <br /> | In a similar vein, Rav Sobolofsky (“[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/811776/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Issur_Melacha_On_Chol_Hamoed Issur Melacha on Chol HaMoed],” min 12-15) explained based on the Ritva (Moed Katan 13a s.v. elah) that the primary principle underlying the laws of Chol HaMoed is that one should enjoy the holiday. Thus, activities that further this purpose are permitted, while those which hinder this goal, especially ones that involve excessive effort, are forbidden. <br /> | ||
The Sefer HaChinuch (n. 323) explains that the determination of which melachot are biblically forbidden is left in the hands of the rabbis. </ref> According to Sephardim, the halacha is that work on Chol HaMoed is a Rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 504) writes that one may be lenient like Shulchan Aruch and if there’s a safek one can be lenient as it’s only derabbanan. </ref> | The Sefer HaChinuch (n. 323) explains that the determination of which melachot are biblically forbidden is left in the hands of the rabbis. He seems to understand this concept (לא מסרה הכתוב אלא לחכמים) differently than the Ramban. Ramban understood that the general principles that the rabbis stated such as צורך המועד and דבר האבד are considered principles from the Torah, however, the other details are only rabbinic. Sefer Hachinuch, on the other hand, understands that every detail that the rabbis dictated is also given the weight of a Torah prohibition. </ref> According to Sephardim, the halacha is that work on Chol HaMoed is a Rabbinic prohibition.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov p. 168) and Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 504) writes that one may be lenient like Shulchan Aruch and if there’s a safek one can be lenient as it’s only derabbanan. Chazon Ovadia quotes 16 rishonim who hold that it is derabbanan including: Rambam, Smag, Rash, Riva, Rabbenu Tam, Rosh, Yereyim, Hagahot Maimoniyot, Mordechai, Or Zaruah, Meiri, Talmid Ri Mparis, Tosfot Rid, Orchot Chaim, Kol Bo, and Rashbetz who hold that it is only derabbanan. </ref> Ashkenazic poskim are concerned for the opinion that work on Chol Hamoed is a biblical prohibition.<ref>Magen Avraham 530:1 and Gra 530:3 understand that Rama 530:1 holds that melacha on Chol Hamoed is from the Torah. Mishna Brurah (Biur Halacha 530:1 s.v. umuter) writes that it is proper to be strict because most rishonim hold it is from the Torah. Biur Halacha enumerates 7 rishonim who hold that it is from the Torah including Rif, Shiltot, Eshkol, Ritz Geyitz, Rashbam, Rashi, and Shibolei Haleket. </ref> | ||
#According to those who hold that melacha on Chol Hamoed is only derabbanan, some poskim permit anything which is a psik reisha (action which inevitaby will cause a melacha to occur).<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov p. 171) explains that according to those who hold that melacha on Chol Hamoed is derabbanan, a pesik reisha is permitted based on Trumat Hadeshen 66.</ref> | |||
=== Melacha without Tircha === | |||
# Some rishonim and a minority of poskim hold that melacha is forbidden on Chol Hamoed because it takes away from a person being able to enjoy the Moed. For that reason Chazal forbade melacha that involved tircha since that distracts a person from simcha on the Moed. However, if it is no tircha at all, the melacha is permitted.<ref>'''Yereyim''' 304 writes that because the Gemara Moed Katan 13a states that melacha on Chol Hamoed is only forbidden because of tircha, melacha that isn't tircha, such as loans or a little bit of work in one's house, is permitted. '''Shibolei Haleket''' (cited by Biur Halacha 545:5 s.v. vafilu) quotes some who say that it is permitted to write friendly letters on Chol Hamoed because it is a melacha that doesn't involve tircha and it is similar to taking a walk, which is permitted. '''Trumat Hadeshen''' 153 seems to imply this as well. '''Tosfot Rabbenu Peretz''' (Pesachim 5a) quoting Risva implies that melacha without tircha is permitted. '''Eshel Avraham''' 540:1 writes that he understood that melacha without tircha is permitted. His proof is that Tosfot (m"k 10b s.v. muliya) permits flattening a ground for an animal corral. He understands that there's no tircha and permitted even though there's no need. [It is possible to argue with these premises; see Rashi (ktav yad 10b s.v. uriya).] '''Aruch Hashulchan''' 545:12 in his second answer writes that it is permitted to write friendly letters on Chol Hamoed because doing so doesn't involve tircha. | |||
* However, '''Radvaz''' 2:727 is lenient only if the melacha is a melacha sheino tzaricha lgufa and not a tircha. If the melacha is a melacha shetzaricha lgufa or a tircha it is forbidden. The concept that melacha on Chol Hamoed is only forbidden because of tircha as it distracts from simchat hamoed is found in Ritva (m"k 13a s.v. ela) and Ravyah (m"k 3:835). | |||
* Hilchot Chag Bchag (Chol Hamoed 3:7) is lenient to allow melacha without tircha on Chol Hamoed. He quotes Rav Elyashiv as holding m'ikar hadin that it is permitted. He notes that the minhag is to be lenient regarding turning off and on lights, cutting toilet paper, and talking on the phone even without a tzorech hamoed, and according to him is permitted. | |||
* Igrot Moshe OC 1:163 learns from Tosfot (Moed Katan 14a) that melacha without tircha is permitted. Tosfot writes that shaving on Chol Hamoed is forbidden because of tircha. Rav Moshe infers that if it would be a melacha without tircha it would be permitted. Rav Moshe doesn't conclude on this topic as he only discusses this point incidentally. </ref> However, other rishonim and the consensus of the poskim is that all melacha is forbidden even if it does not involve tircha. Melacha without tircha is only permitted if there's a need for the holiday or another reason that permits melacha on Chol Hamoed.<ref>Shibolei Haleket (cited by Biur Halacha 545:5 s.v. vafilu) quotes Rav Avigdor Katz who does not allow writing friendly letters on Chol Hamoed unless there is a need for the moed or a concern for loss. He implies that melacha without tircha is forbidden. Also, Ritva (m"k 18a s.v. vigeret) implies this as well because he writes that it is only permitted to write a letter if there's a particular need for the moed. Mishna Brurah 545:30 codifies this approach. He definitely seems to disagree with Aruch Hashulchan 545:12's second answer. It is also implied from Pri Megadim (E"A 540:5) that melacha without tircha is forbidden. Beer Moshe 7:42:1 quotes a lot of sources on this topic and doesn't come to a clear conclusion. He seems to be strict as he quotes Aruch Hashulchan as lenient, but Pri Megadim and Mishna Brurah as strict. Betzel Hachachma 5:95:1 is also strict in general and only lenient for carrying. Shevet Halevi 6:68 is lenient for carrying but doesn't sound like he would permit in general. Moadim Uzmanim 4:298 is strict except for carrying and cooking, but in 7:154 he isn't sure. He suggests that perhaps any melacha that doesn't involve tircha is permitted but leaves it unresolved. Chazon Ovadia p. 204 quotes Aruch Hashulchan but notes that it is against the Ritva. He indicates that he is strict about this question. See Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (66:55) who quotes Aruch Hashulchan and also quotes Mishna Brurah. His ruling on this matter isn't clear. </ref> | |||
## Many poskim hold that it is permitted to carry on Chol Hamoed even if there's no need.<ref>Meiri (18b s.v. ein), Shevet Halevi 6:68, Moadim Uzmanim 4:298, 7:154, Betzel Hachachma 5:95:1 (see there for details), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov p. 171), Hilchot Chag Bchag 3:6</ref> However, some poskim are strict.<ref>Chazon Ish and Amudei Or cited by Moadim Uzmanim 4:154. Hilchot Chag Bchag 3:6 quotes that Chazon Ish in his sefer is lenient, but Orchot Rabbenu records his practice not to carry anything unnecessarily on Chol Hamoed.</ref> | |||
## Some poskim permitted ripping toilet paper off the lines on Chol Hamoed even if he has pre-ripped toilet paper or tissues available.<ref>Beer Moshe 7:10:1, 7:42, Hilchot Chag Bchag 3:6</ref> | |||
## Some poskim permit killing bugs on Chol Hamoed even if they're not bothering him.<ref>Radvaz 2:727</ref> | |||
## It is permitted to wash oneself with soap, even bar soap, on Chol Hamoed.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov p. 193). See Moadim Uzmanim 4:298, 7:154 who suggests that only if it is necessary is it permitted.</ref> | |||
===Tircha without Melacha=== | ===Tircha without Melacha=== | ||
#A strenuous activity (one that involves exertion) is forbidden even if it doesn’t involve any Melacha.<ref> | #A strenuous activity (one that involves exertion) is forbidden even if it doesn’t involve any Melacha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 535:1 writes that one may not move homes on Chol HaMoed. Mishna Brurah 535:1 explains that it’s forbidden because of the tircha (exertion) involved. This is the explanation of Rashi (ktav yad 13a s.v. ein), Rabbenu Gershom, Ran, and one explanation of Ritva. Ritva has another explanation that it is because of uvda dchol. However, see Tosfot 12b who isn't sure if there is a prohibition of tircha without melacha in general. </ref> | ||
#For example, it’s forbidden to move heavy furniture (unless there’s a need see below).<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 7) brings this as an example of forbidden exertion on Chol HaMoed. </ref> | #For example, it’s forbidden to move heavy furniture (unless there’s a need see below).<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 7) brings this as an example of forbidden exertion on Chol HaMoed. </ref> | ||
#It is permitted to wash dishes after eating or dishes that he might use again on the moed.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shulchan Shlomo 530:2:2) permits washing dishes after eating. However, if a family is leaving the house on Chol Hamoed and going to be away for the second days, he isn't sure that it is permitted to clean the dishes, take out the garbage, and tidy up. </ref> | |||
===Degradation of the | ===Degradation of the Holiday=== | ||
#Certain activities must be limited to avoid degradation of the holiday. For this reason, even when commercial activity is permitted it should be done in private.<ref>Beiur Halacha 539 s.v. Eino Mutar, quoted by Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 8) </ref> | #Certain activities must be limited to avoid degradation of the holiday. For this reason, even when commercial activity is permitted it should be done in private.<ref>Beiur Halacha 539 s.v. Eino Mutar, quoted by Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 8) </ref> | ||
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|Paying for the Work||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 16) </ref>||Permitted but preferable to get a goy <ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 36) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 47) </ref>||Permitted <ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 51) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Shulchan Aruch 540:2</ref> | |Paying for the Work||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 16) </ref>||Permitted but preferable to get a goy <ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 36) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 47) </ref>||Permitted <ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 51) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Shulchan Aruch 540:2</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Working in Public||Professional - forbidden; Non-professional - permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 23); Shulchan Aruch 540 and 541 give examples of tzorech hamoed and never mention that it needs to be in private. Ramban Chidushim Moed Katan s.v. ulinyan writes that we don't find the concept of doing the melacha in private on chol hamoed except for a professional | |Working in Public||Professional - forbidden; Non-professional - permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 23); Shulchan Aruch OC 533:5 writes clearly that melacha for a need of the holiday when done by a professional needs to be in private. Also, Shulchan Aruch OC 540 and 541 give examples of tzorech hamoed that's a melacha of a hedyot and never mention that it needs to be in private. However, Ramban (Chidushim Moed Katan s.v. ulinyan) writes that we don't find the concept of doing the melacha in private on chol hamoed except for a professional working the same way he works all year, but non-professional work for the need of the holiday may be done in public. </ref>||Forbidden for uman<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 47) </ref>||Forbidden <ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 52). However, Ramban (Piskei Chol Hamoed s.v. v'l'inyan) writes that working in private is only necessary if there's a concern for a loss, but if it is certain that there's going to be a loss it is permitted to work in public. Also, even if there's a concern for a loss if there's no way to do it in private, it may be done in public. </ref>||Forbidden<ref>Mishna Brurah 534:18</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Preparing for after the Holiday||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 18) </ref>||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 47) </ref>||-||- | |Preparing for after the Holiday||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 18) </ref>||Forbidden<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) </ref>||Permitted<ref>Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 47) </ref>||-||- | ||
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#One may do unskilled work on Chol HaMoed for a holiday need. However, skilled work is forbidden even for a need of the holiday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 540:1, Mishna Brurah 540:1, Biur HaGra 530:1 </ref> | #One may do unskilled work on Chol HaMoed for a holiday need. However, skilled work is forbidden even for a need of the holiday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 540:1, Mishna Brurah 540:1, Biur HaGra 530:1 </ref> | ||
#Tzorech HaMoed is only permitted if the work doesn't entail excessive tircha (exertion).<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 66:38 | #Tzorech HaMoed is only permitted if the work doesn't entail excessive tircha (exertion).<ref>Pri Megadim (E"A 540:5), Mishna Brurah 540:7, and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 66:38 forbid tircha even though a melacha is a tzorech hamoed. Aruch HaShulchan 540:4 forbids great exertion (tircha gedola) for tzorech hamoed. Hilchot Chag Bchag (3:14, p. 75) quotes a dispute if tircha yetera is permitted for tzorech hamoed, but someone who is lenient has what to rely upon. Pri Megadim M”Z 540:3 permits even great exertion for tzorech hamoed. (Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 66:38 adds that the Pri Megadim means that it’s permitted if it’s a maaseh hedyot or shinui.) See Nishmat Adam 110:1. Netivei Moed 7:2 says tzorech hamoed must be hedyot and one should still minimize the exertion. | ||
The Mishna (Moed Katan 13a) forbids moving homes on Chol Hamoed and Rashi, Rabbenu Gershom, and Ritva explain that this is forbidden because of tircha. Seemingly, this is forbidden even though it is a melacha for tzorech hamoed. However, Tur and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 535:1 without mentioning tircha clearly write that moving homes is only forbidden if it is not a tzorech hamoed. Mishna Brurah 535:1 quotes Rashi who says that it is forbidden because of tircha. This implies that a tzorech hamoed is permitted even though it is a tircha (unlike Mishna Brurah 540:7). | |||
The Gemara Moed Katan 5a clarifies that an individual may not dig a hole to hold drinking water even though he needs it, though he may fix an old hole that got clogged. Tosfot 2a s.v. vchotetin explains that unclogging a hole isn't tircha, but digging a new one is. Seemingly, this is a proof that tircha is forbidden for tzorech hamoed. However, this could be rejected by Ramban (Likkutim on Hilchot Chol Hamoed) who explains the case there was where the individual didn't really need the pit for drinking water. It was for drinking water but he could also get the water from a further pit and this was only for convenience. | |||
Rivav (on Rif m"k 4b) explicitly permits tzorech hamoed even with tircha yeterta (excessive effort). He explains the gemara 5a is forbidden because that is maaseh uman. Ramban (Torat Haadam, Inyan Hakevura s.v. k'sh'iyanti) also seems to permit tzorech hamoed with tircha. However, Ritva (m"k 2a s.v. vha) implies that it is forbidden. Hilchot Chag Bchag 3:14 quotes Meiri (12a and 19a) and Ohel Moed 3:1 as lenient on this question but they seem only to be lenient about ochel nefesh. | |||
Torat Avraham p. 71 discusses the opinion of Mishna Brurah (537:15, 540:2, 541:13) rejects the proofs that he holds it is forbidden. </ref> | |||
#It’s permitted to do an action even if it will involve violating a melacha indirectly if there’s a holiday need. For example, it’s permitted to cut branches in order to make Sachach for the [[Sukkah]] as long as one makes sure to only cut from one side of the tree. Another example, it’s permitted to wash one’s hands over grass.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 18-9), Pitchei Teshuvot 530:1 </ref> | #It’s permitted to do an action even if it will involve violating a melacha indirectly if there’s a holiday need. For example, it’s permitted to cut branches in order to make Sachach for the [[Sukkah]] as long as one makes sure to only cut from one side of the tree. Another example, it’s permitted to wash one’s hands over grass.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 18-9), Pitchei Teshuvot 530:1 </ref> | ||
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#One may not delay doing a certain work from before Chol HaMoed and do it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>S”A 536:1 </ref> | #One may not delay doing a certain work from before Chol HaMoed and do it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>S”A 536:1 </ref> | ||
#Fixing a broken object is called a holiday need if the object will be needed, however, if there’s a replacement that can be used instead or one could easily borrow a replacement, fixing the object isn’t a holiday need.<ref>Based on Bet Yosef 534 and Magen Avraham 544:1, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 12) writes that if one can borrow a replacement one must not fix the broken object. </ref> | #Fixing a broken object is called a holiday need if the object will be needed, however, if there’s a replacement that can be used instead or one could easily borrow a replacement, fixing the object isn’t a holiday need.<ref>Based on Bet Yosef 534 and Magen Avraham 544:1, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 12) writes that if one can borrow a replacement one must not fix the broken object. </ref> | ||
#It’s permissible to vacuum or wash floors that are usually cleaned at least once a week.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 19 and 34) </ref> | #It’s permissible to vacuum or wash floors that are usually cleaned at least once a week.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 19 and 34). Chazon Ovadia p. 194 quotes this same idea from Teshurat Shay 2:174. However, Chazon Ovadia himself is lenient to wash the floors even if it isn't washed every week. He cites Rav Shlomo Hacohen from Vilna who held that it is permitted to wash the floors since it is similar to flattening the ground that is permitted in the house (Moed Katan 10b, Rashi ktav yad s.v. adayta d'ara, Rabbenu Yerucham (4:5, cited by Bet Yosef 537:9), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 540:2, Magen Avraham 540:5). Rashi and Rabbenu Yerucham say that it is permitted to flatten the floors on Chol Hamoed so that a person doesn't trip. Magen Avraham 540:5 adds that it isn't a tircha. Pri Megadim E"A 540:5 writes that it isn't a tircha and also it is a tzorech hamoed. Mishna Brurah 540:7 agrees. However, Eshel Avraham 540:1 and Hilchot Chag Bchag 3:6 argue that it is permitted because it isn't tircha even though it isn't a tzorech hamoed. This is also how Atzi Shitim understood the Magen Avraham, though he disagreed with Magen Avraham (and held like Pri Megadim). </ref> | ||
#Some say it’s forbidden to nail a picture to a wall for decorative purposes, while others permit since it involves no skilled work or exertion.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 19-20) </ref> | #Some say it’s forbidden to nail a picture to a wall for decorative purposes, while others permit since it involves no skilled work or exertion.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 19-20) </ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to garden, plant, dewed, or move grass on Chol HaMoed. Watering is only permitted if the plant is in danger of dying.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 537:1, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 21) </ref> | #It’s forbidden to garden, plant, dewed, or move grass on Chol HaMoed. Watering is only permitted if the plant is in danger of dying.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 537:1, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 21) </ref> | ||
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==Preparation of Food== | ==Preparation of Food== | ||
#It’s permissible to do melachot in order to prepare food for the holiday (from one day of Chol HaMoed to another day of Chol HaMoed or from Chol HaMoed to [[Yom Tov]]) | #It’s permissible to do melachot in order to prepare food for the holiday (from one day of Chol HaMoed to another day of Chol HaMoed or from Chol HaMoed to [[Yom Tov]])<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) </ref> even if it involves a lot of effort.<ref>Ramban (Likkutim on Chol Hamoed), Meiri (m"k 19a s.v. k'sh'titbonen), Ohel Moed (m"k 3:1)</ref> | ||
#It’s permissible even if the melacha was deliberately pushed off to doing it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>S”A 533:1 </ref> | #It’s permissible even if the melacha was deliberately pushed off to doing it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>S”A 533:1 </ref> | ||
#If one has adequate supply of the specific food one shouldn’t cook that food on Chol HaMoed unless the fresher food will be tastier.<ref>S”A 533:1 writes that if one already has flour one should not ground new flour; however, even if one has bread one may cook new bread since hot bread is tastier. Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) agrees.</ref> | #If one has adequate supply of the specific food one shouldn’t cook that food on Chol HaMoed unless the fresher food will be tastier.<ref>S”A 533:1 writes that if one already has flour one should not ground new flour; however, even if one has bread one may cook new bread since hot bread is tastier. Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 37) agrees.</ref> | ||
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#Preliminary preparations such as sharpening a knife or repairing a stove in order to make food for [[Yom Tov]] is permissible if one wasn’t able to fix in before [[Yom Tov]].<ref>S”A 540:7-8, Mishna Brurah 540:27 </ref> | #Preliminary preparations such as sharpening a knife or repairing a stove in order to make food for [[Yom Tov]] is permissible if one wasn’t able to fix in before [[Yom Tov]].<ref>S”A 540:7-8, Mishna Brurah 540:27 </ref> | ||
#It’s permissible to do preparations even in a skilled fashion and even if it involves excessive effort.<ref>Ramban (Likkutim on Chol Hamoed s.v. vchen bmachshirin), Mishna Brurah 540:18 and 537:15, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 39). Ramban holds that machshirei ochel nefesh are permitted just like ochel nefesh, even with professional work. However, Ritva (Moed Katan 10a s.v. darash) | #It’s permissible to do preparations even in a skilled fashion and even if it involves excessive effort.<ref>Ramban (Likkutim on Chol Hamoed s.v. vchen bmachshirin), Mishna Brurah 540:18 and 537:15, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 39). Ramban holds that machshirei ochel nefesh are permitted just like ochel nefesh, even with professional work. However, Raavad (cited by Tosfot Harosh 10a) and Ritva (Moed Katan 10a s.v. darash and 11a s.v. oharei) argue that professional work, such as fixing a mill, is forbidden for machshirei ochel nefesh. Ramban permits that example even though it is professional work. </ref> | ||
#However it’s forbidden to intentionally postpone preliminary preparations from before the holiday until Chol HaMoed and if one did so, one may not work on it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>Mishna Brurah 540:27, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 40) </ref> | #However it’s forbidden to intentionally postpone preliminary preparations from before the holiday until Chol HaMoed and if one did so, one may not work on it on Chol HaMoed.<ref>Mishna Brurah 540:27, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 40) </ref> | ||
#One may only do work that would cause an improvement to the food itself which is true of a knife or stove, however, one may not fix a can-opener or a table as these do not enhance the food but rather these can only be fixed with unskilled work.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 40) </ref> | #One may only do work that would cause an improvement to the food itself which is true of a knife or stove, however, one may not fix a can-opener or a table as these do not enhance the food but rather these can only be fixed with unskilled work.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 40) </ref> | ||
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==Taking a Haircut== | ==Taking a Haircut== | ||
#It’s a mitzvah to take a haircut on Erev [[Yom Tov]].<ref> | #It’s a mitzvah to take a haircut on Erev [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:1 </ref> Some say that it is acceptable to take a haircut within 30 days of the holiday and that's considered sufficiently close to the holiday to indicate that he cut his hair in honor of the holiday.<ref>Pri Megadim M"Z 531:1, Shaar Hatziyun 531:1</ref> | ||
#It’s forbidden to take a haircut on Chol HaMoed. The rabbis prohibited this so that people would prepare properly before the holiday.<ref> | #It’s forbidden to take a haircut on Chol HaMoed. The rabbis prohibited this so that people would prepare properly before the holiday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:2. <br /> | ||
The Mishna in Moed Katan 13b lists the people who are permitted to shave on Chol HaMoed. The list includes those who were unable to do so before Yom Tov such as someone who just arrived from his travels abroad. The Gemara on 14a explains that the reason that the Rabbis forbade shaving on Chol HaMoed is to encourage people to shave in honor of Yom Tov before Yom Tov. If one were allowed to shave on Chol HaMoed, we are concerned that he would not shave on Erev Yom Tov and he would enter Yom Tov unkempt. | The Mishna in Moed Katan 13b lists the people who are permitted to shave on Chol HaMoed. The list includes those who were unable to do so before Yom Tov such as someone who just arrived from his travels abroad. The Gemara on 14a explains that the reason that the Rabbis forbade shaving on Chol HaMoed is to encourage people to shave in honor of Yom Tov before Yom Tov. If one were allowed to shave on Chol HaMoed, we are concerned that he would not shave on Erev Yom Tov and he would enter Yom Tov unkempt. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:1 writes that it is a mitzvah to shave before Yom Tov and in 531:2 records the prohibition to shave on Chol HaMoed. </ref> It’s forbidden to take a haircut even if one took one before the holiday.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:2. <br /> | ||
Rabbenu Tam (cited in Tur 531) held that since that is the reason for the rabbinic enactment, if one shaved before Yom Tov, he can shave on Chol HaMoed and the enactment would not apply. The Tur himself rejects this logic for two reasons: 1. If someone who shaved before Yom Tov could shave on Chol HaMoed, why is he not listed in the Mishna among the people who can shave on Chol HaMoed? 2. It should be forbidden because nobody can tell that he shaved before Yom Tov. This second reason is based on a question raised in the Gemara there about someone who was too busy to shave on Erev Yom Tov because he was looking for something that he lost. Though the Gemara leaves this question unresolved, the Tur here rules strictly, saying that since nobody can tell why he did not shave before Yom Tov, it is forbidden to do so. Thus he applies the same logic to one who already shaved before Yom Tov and forbids him from shaving on Chol HaMoed itself. | Rabbenu Tam (cited in Tur 531) held that since that is the reason for the rabbinic enactment, if one shaved before Yom Tov, he can shave on Chol HaMoed and the enactment would not apply. The Tur himself rejects this logic for two reasons: 1. If someone who shaved before Yom Tov could shave on Chol HaMoed, why is he not listed in the Mishna among the people who can shave on Chol HaMoed? 2. It should be forbidden because nobody can tell that he shaved before Yom Tov. This second reason is based on a question raised in the Gemara there about someone who was too busy to shave on Erev Yom Tov because he was looking for something that he lost. Though the Gemara leaves this question unresolved, the Tur here rules strictly, saying that since nobody can tell why he did not shave before Yom Tov, it is forbidden to do so. Thus he applies the same logic to one who already shaved before Yom Tov and forbids him from shaving on Chol HaMoed itself. | ||
S”A 531:2 rules explicitly against Rabbenu Tam and says that even one who shaved before Yom Tov cannot shave on Chol HaMoed. Though most rishonim and acharonim rejected the idea of the Rabbenu Tam, the Noda Biyehuda Mahadura Kamma 13 writes that one may rely on Rabbenu Tam on condition that the one cutting his hair is a poor person who does not have what to eat. When asked why he printed such a novel idea, in Nodah Biyehuda Mahadura Tinyana 99-101 he explains that if he didn’t print it, people would go to non-Jewish barbers who use razors and he had another secret reason. The Chatam Sofer 154 writes that the Nodah Biyehuda’s hidden reason was that there were some who shaved daily with a razor and by allowing them to shave on Chol HaMoed he would save them from a biblical prohibition of shaving with a razor as long as their hair stayed below some minimal level. In conclusion, the Chatam Sofer disagrees with the Nodah Biyehuda’s leniency as did most other acharonim (see Chida in Yosef Ometz Siman 7) </ref> | S”A 531:2 rules explicitly against Rabbenu Tam and says that even one who shaved before Yom Tov cannot shave on Chol HaMoed. Though most rishonim and acharonim rejected the idea of the Rabbenu Tam, the Noda Biyehuda Mahadura Kamma 13 writes that one may rely on Rabbenu Tam on condition that the one cutting his hair is a poor person who does not have what to eat. When asked why he printed such a novel idea, in Nodah Biyehuda Mahadura Tinyana 99-101 he explains that if he didn’t print it, people would go to non-Jewish barbers who use razors and he had another secret reason. The Chatam Sofer 154 writes that the Nodah Biyehuda’s hidden reason was that there were some who shaved daily with a razor and by allowing them to shave on Chol HaMoed he would save them from a biblical prohibition of shaving with a razor as long as their hair stayed below some minimal level. In conclusion, the Chatam Sofer disagrees with the Nodah Biyehuda’s leniency as did most other acharonim (see Chida in Yosef Ometz Siman 7) </ref> | ||
#Chazal did not make an exception for someone who was sick and was unable to cut one’s hair before the holiday and forbid him as well.<ref>S”A 531:3 </ref> | #Chazal did not make an exception for someone who was sick and was unable to cut one’s hair before the holiday and forbid him as well.<ref>S”A 531:3 </ref> | ||
#Chazal made a few exceptions and permitted certain people to cut hair on Chol HaMoed including a person who was released from prison on the holiday or late on Erev [[Yom Tov]], one who arrives from over seas on Erev | #Chazal made a few exceptions and permitted certain people to cut hair on Chol HaMoed including: a person who was released from prison on the holiday or late on Erev [[Yom Tov]], one who arrives from over seas on Chol Hamoed or late on Erev Yom Tov and was unable to cut one’s hair of Erev [[Yom Tov]], and one who was a mourner for a relative other than a parent, whose seventh day of [[mourning]] occurred on Erev [[Yom Tov]] which was [[Shabbat]] (and so he was unable to shave before the holiday).<ref>S”A 531:4, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 27) </ref> Those who Chazal permitted to permitted to cut one’s hair should do so in private.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:5 quoting Ramban and Mordechai </ref> | ||
##Nowadays there is no leniency to permit haircutting for someone who came back from a trip overseas before Yom Tov or on Chol Hamoed.<ref>Rav Elyashiv (cited by Dirshu 531:7) and Ish Matzliach (cited by Tiferet 531:15) conclude that there is no leniency of someone who comes from overseas before Yom Tov or on Chol Hamoed. The reason is that it is possible to cut one's hair in the country where a person was travelling. Also, travel doesn't take so long. This is evident in Mishna Brurah 531:12 who writes that it is only a leniency for someone who came from a very far trip and it is known to everyone that he couldn't cut his hair before Yom Tov. That doesn't really exist today. Also, Mishna Brurah 531:13 writes that if a person came in from overseas and was in another city before he came home before Yom Tov it is forbidden to for him to shave on Chol Hamoed. The reason is that he could have shaved in that other town. This is the basis for Rav Elyashiv's ruling.</ref> | |||
#Cutting one’s hair for medical reason is permissible.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 29) quoting Mishna Brurah 531:21 </ref> | #Cutting one’s hair for medical reason is permissible.<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 29) quoting Mishna Brurah 531:21 </ref> | ||
# | #It is permissible to comb or wash one’s hair even though hairs will be pulled out.<ref>Mordechai (Moed Katan 839), Rama O.C. 531:8, Aruch Hashulchan 531:8, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 517), Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita (vol 2. 66:32) </ref> | ||
===Women and Children=== | ===Women and Children=== | ||
#This prohibition applies both to men and women <ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 26), Mishna Brurah 546:16 based on Pri Megadim 546:9 and Gra 546:5, Kaf Hachaim 546:28, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita vol. 2 66:23. </ref> but not to children below the age of Bar or Bat Mitzvah if it is causing them discomfort.<ref> | #This prohibition applies both to men and women,<ref>Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 26), Mishna Brurah 546:16 based on Pri Megadim 546:9 and Gra 546:5, Kaf Hachaim 546:28, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita vol. 2 66:23. </ref> but not to children below the age of Bar or Bat Mitzvah if it is causing them discomfort.<ref>In Moed Katan 14a, Shmuel permitted a parent to cut the hair of his child on Chol Hamoed. There are two versions whether this applies only to a baby born on Chol Hamoed or any child. Rosh (m"k 3:2) and Rambam (Hilchot Yom Tov 7:19) rule like the lenient version of Shmuel. Therefore, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:6 permits haircutting for a child. | ||
#Some poskim are strict | |||
Nemukei Yosef (Moed Katan 7a s.v. katan) writes that it is only permitted to cut a child's hair if it is causing them discomfort. Magen Avraham 531:8, Mishna Brurah 531:15, Aruch Hashulchan 531:6, and Kaf Hachaim 531:26 codify the Nemukei Yosef. Shulchan Gavoha (cited by Or Letzion 3:24:1) disagrees and holds that it is permitted even if the child is not in discomfort. | |||
Magen Avraham 531:9 writes that if the child looks like he is older than bar/bat mitzvah one should not give him a haircut publicly. </ref> | |||
#It is permitted to perform an upsherin on Chol Hamoed even if it is delayed.<ref>Shaare Teshuva 531:2 quotes the Gan Hamelech who allows an Upshirin on Chol Hamoed for a baby whose third birthday falls out on Chol Hamoed Sukkot or Pesach. He even quotes poskim who allow delaying it until Chol HaMoed if the birthday falls out earlier. Kaf Hachaim 531:30 and Piskei Teshuvot 531:3 agree. Or Letzion (3:24 fnt. 1) notes that it is questionable why it is permitted to have an upshiring according to Nemukei Yosef who doesn't allow cutting a child's hair unless he's in discomfort. Divrei Yatziv (Likutim 93) writes that since an upsherin is a minhag it is the equivalent of a child who is discomfort and it is permitted to cut his hair. </ref> | |||
#Some poskim are strict to forbid fixing a wig on Chol Hamoed.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in Dirshu M”B 531:note 4) is strict regarding fixing a wig on Chol HaMoed, while Beer Moshe 7:5 is lenient. </ref> | |||
#A woman may remove other hair on her body besides for on her head.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 546:5, Aruch Hashulchan 531:8 </ref> | #A woman may remove other hair on her body besides for on her head.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 546:5, Aruch Hashulchan 531:8 </ref> | ||
===Shaving on Chol HaMoed=== | ===Shaving on Chol HaMoed=== | ||
See the full article about [[Shaving on Chol Hamoed]]. | |||
#In general, it | #In general, it is forbidden to shave on Chol HaMoed unless it jeopardizes his job.<ref>Moed Katan 13b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:1, Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 26) </ref> | ||
#Many Ashkenazic authorities permit [[shaving]] on Chol HaMoed for someone who shaves regularly, at least once every three days, on condition that (1) he shaved on Erev Yom Tov and (2) | #Many Ashkenazic authorities permit [[shaving]] on Chol HaMoed for someone who shaves regularly, at least once every three days, on condition that (1) he shaved on Erev Yom Tov and (2) there's a great need or is pained by not [[shaving]]. Also, one who relies on this only to look presentable should not be protested.<ref>*Nodeh BeYehuda 1:13 writes that one may rely on the opinion of Rabbenu Tam who holds that one who shaved on Erev Chag may shave during Chol HaMoed on condition that the one cutting the hair is a poor person who doesn’t have what to eat. When asked why he printed such a novel idea, in Nodeh BeYehuda 2:99-101 he explains that if he didn’t print it, people would go to non-Jewish barbers who use razors and he had another secret reason. The Chatom Sofer 154 writes that the Nodeh BeYehuda’s hidden reason was that there were some who shaved daily with a razor and by allowing them to shave on Chol HaMoed he would save them from a biblical prohibition of [[shaving]] with a razor as long as their hair stayed below some minimal level. In conclusion, the Chatom Sofer disagreed with the Nodeh BeYehuda’s leniency. | ||
*Based on the opinion of Rabbenu Tam, Sh”t Igrot Moshe OC 1:163 rules leniently for someone who shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] and regularly shaves at least once in every 3 days, and he’s pained by not [[shaving]] or has a great need to shave. His logic is that even the Tur who disagreed with the Rabbenu Tam would agree nowadays, since many people shave regularly and it is well known that one who shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] will still have to shave on Chol HaMoed. This addresses the Tur's first question on Rabbenu Tam, however, with regards to his second claim, Rav Moshe offers several potential answers. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764803/Rabbi_Shmuel_Marcus/Shaving_on_Chol_Hamoed Rabbi Shmuel Marcus] explains this [[teshuva]] of Rav Moshe.</ref> Some authorities are even more lenient and say that if one shaves daily and shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] one should shave on Chol HaMoed.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/733780/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Chol_Hamoed Rav Schachter] (min 50-53) quotes Rav Soloveitchik who said that anyone who had permit to shave should shave in order to look presentable for the holiday. This is also recorded in Nefesh HaRav (p. 189) and "Halakhic Positions of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik" pg. 25. Rav Aharon Lichtenstein (cited in Techumin 2:133 note 37) agrees with this ruling of Rav Soloveitchik.</ref> However, many poskim rejected this leniency <ref>Rav Chaim David Halevi (Aseh Lecha Rav 1:39) notes that most contemporary poskim reject Rav Moshe’s leniency. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita (Vol. 2 66:23) is also strict. Rav Avigdor Neventzal (Yerushalayim Bimoadeha Chol HaMoed pg. 237) is strict even for a date or a business meeting. </ref> including most sephardic poskim <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 190), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 516) and Rabbi Shalom Mesas (Tevuot Shemesh OC 55-56), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2478 Rabbi Eli Mansour] on dailyhalacha.com</ref> | *Based on the opinion of Rabbenu Tam, Sh”t Igrot Moshe OC 1:163 rules leniently for someone who shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] and regularly shaves at least once in every 3 days, and he’s pained by not [[shaving]] or has a great need to shave. His logic is that even the Tur who disagreed with the Rabbenu Tam would agree nowadays, since many people shave regularly and it is well known that one who shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] will still have to shave on Chol HaMoed. This addresses the Tur's first question on Rabbenu Tam, however, with regards to his second claim, Rav Moshe offers several potential answers. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764803/Rabbi_Shmuel_Marcus/Shaving_on_Chol_Hamoed Rabbi Shmuel Marcus] explains this [[teshuva]] of Rav Moshe.</ref> Some authorities are even more lenient and say that if one shaves daily and shaved on Erev [[Yom Tov]] one should shave on Chol HaMoed.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/733780/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Chol_Hamoed Rav Schachter] (min 50-53) quotes Rav Soloveitchik who said that anyone who had permit to shave should shave in order to look presentable for the holiday. This is also recorded in Nefesh HaRav (p. 189) and "Halakhic Positions of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik" pg. 25. Rav Aharon Lichtenstein (cited in Techumin 2:133 note 37) agrees with this ruling of Rav Soloveitchik.</ref> However, many poskim rejected this leniency<ref>Rav Chaim David Halevi (Aseh Lecha Rav 1:39) notes that most contemporary poskim reject Rav Moshe’s leniency. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchita (Vol. 2 66:23) is also strict. Rav Avigdor Neventzal (Yerushalayim Bimoadeha Chol HaMoed pg. 237) is strict even for a date or a business meeting. </ref> including most sephardic poskim.<ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 190), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 516) and Rabbi Shalom Mesas (Tevuot Shemesh OC 55-56), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2478 Rabbi Eli Mansour] on dailyhalacha.com</ref> | ||
#A man may trim his mustache even if it does not interfere with his eating.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:8, Mishna Brurah 531:21, Kaf Hachaim 531:39 </ref> | #A man may trim his mustache even if it does not interfere with his eating.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 531:8, Mishna Brurah 531:21, Kaf Hachaim 531:39 </ref> | ||
==Nail | ==Nail Cutting== | ||
#Ashkenazim hold that it’s forbidden to cut one’s nails on Chol HaMoed, while Sephardim hold that it’s permissible.<ref>S”A 532:1 holds it’s permissible, while the Rama 532:1 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to refrain from [[cutting one's nails]] on Chol HaMoed. Yalkut Yosef 531:10 writes that Sephardim follow S”A. Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 29) writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is like the Rama. See, however, the Aruch HaShulchan 532:2 and Magen Avraham 532:1 who write that in extenuating circumstances, a person who didn't get to cut his nails before Chol HaMoed because he was very busy, may cut his nails on Chol HaMoed. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2478 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] also writes that the Sephardic minhag is to permit cutting nails on Chol HaMoed, whereas Ashkenazim refrain.</ref> | #Ashkenazim hold that it’s forbidden to cut one’s nails on Chol HaMoed, while Sephardim hold that it’s permissible.<ref>S”A 532:1 holds it’s permissible, while the Rama 532:1 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to refrain from [[cutting one's nails]] on Chol HaMoed. Yalkut Yosef 531:10 writes that Sephardim follow S”A. Hilchot Chol HaMoed Zichron Shlomo (pg 29) writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is like the Rama. See, however, the Aruch HaShulchan 532:2 and Magen Avraham 532:1 who write that in extenuating circumstances, a person who didn't get to cut his nails before Chol HaMoed because he was very busy, may cut his nails on Chol HaMoed. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=&ClipID=2478 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] also writes that the Sephardic minhag is to permit cutting nails on Chol HaMoed, whereas Ashkenazim refrain.</ref> | ||
